Objectives The Baume Report (1994) on Australia’s surgical workforce had the potential to impact upon the health and educational sectors. This paper analyses the recommendations of this report and their impact at the time and 15 years later (2009). Methods A questionnaire-based study was performed with the 18 senior Fellows and the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) solicitor who had been instrumental in facilitating responses to the review. Results The 19 respondents were asked to evaluate 22 areas from the Baume Report. The most highly ranked areas identified as being reasonable in 1994 were: additional funding being made available for more training positions, identifying workforce deficits, moving towards compulsory continuing professional development and having evidence of competence before introducing new technology. In 2009, the most highly ranked areas were: funding for more training positions; compulsory continuing professional development, involving the profession in improvements and broadening the training environment beyond public hospitals. Areas considered to be substantially addressed were: the selection process and encouragement of diversity, workforce numbers and deficits, confirming the educational merit of the training program and the role of professional colleges. Conclusions The Baume Report highlighted many issues including workforce planning, the role of professional organisations in society and the complex interface between health and education. Issues of ongoing standards through a surgical career, access for patients to surgical services, funding for more training posts to provide the appropriate workforce level and distribution, and the assessment and introduction of technology remain priorities. Time has not diminished the relevance of these issues. What is known about this topic? The impact of key government reviews can always be substantial. The Baume Report was directed to postgraduate specialist medical training, particularly surgical training. There have been substantial changes in the health and educational sectors since the report, with significantly more regulation and transparency. What does this paper add? Analysis of the Baume Report after 15 years by the senior office bearers of the RACS who were actively involved in handling and implementing many of the recommendations provides an insight into the dynamics of specialist training. It outlines the significant changes that have occurred and the things that still need to be done. What are the implications for practitioners? Professional bodies have an influential presence across society. They are particularly focused on the standards required to become a practitioner of that profession and the ongoing maintenance of these standards. However, this comes with responsibility for and accountability to society and the community. External reviews, particularly with a political imperative, change both the dynamics and key relationships, issues that the professional bodies must commit to addressing in a positive manner.
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