THE INFLUENCE OF EXAMINATION STRESS ON VEGETATIVE INDICATORS IN 17-21-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS WITH A MELANCHOLIC TYPE OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Rustamova T.V.
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
Examination Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Examination Process

The article is devoted to the influence of an increased level of situational and personal anxiety of examination stress on the indices of the autonomic nervous system in 17-21-year-old male students (I and V courses) with a melancholic type of nervous system. In the course of the conducted studies, it was found that in 17- and 21-year-old students-melancholic during the examination process between heart rate and blood pressure there are some differences that do not normalize after the exam. Vegetative indicators in 21-year-old students in the periods before and after the exam are slightly increased, relative to indicators in 17-year-old students. The Kerdo vegetative index (VIC) in both age groups was in a state of sympathicotonia, which is an indicator of the superiority of the sympathetic nervous system throughout the entire examination process. The results obtained in the course of this study can be used to optimize learning activities, relieve stress in exams and protect students' health.

Leptin response to short-term fasting in sympathectomized men: role of the SNS

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. E634-E640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Y. Jeon ◽  
Vicki J. Harber ◽  
Robert D. Steadward
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Plasma Leptin

We studied plasma leptin levels in six people with high-lesion spinal cord injury [SCI; body mass index (BMI) 25.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2, age 37 ± 3.0 yr] and six able-bodied (AB) controls (BMI 29.1 ± 1.9 kg/m2, age 35 ± 3.5 yr) before and after 12, 24, and 36 h of fasting. The plasma leptin levels significantly decreased during 36 h fasting by 48.8 ± 4.5% (pre: 11.3 ± 2.3, post: 6.2 ± 1.5 ng/ml) and 38.6 ± 7.9% (pre: 7.6 ± 5.0, post: 4.2 ± 1.0 ng/ml) in SCI and AB, respectively. Plasma leptin started to decrease at 24 h of fasting in the SCI group, whereas plasma leptin started to decrease at 12 h of fasting in the AB group. The current study demonstrated that plasma leptin decreased with fasting in both SCI and AB groups, with the leptin decrease being delayed in the SCI group. The delayed leptin response to fasting in the SCI group may be because of increased fat mass (%body fat, SCI: 33.8 ± 3.0, AB: 24.1 ± 2.9) and sympathetic nervous system dysfunction.

Sweating in cattle. IV. Control of sweat glands secretion

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Cutaneous Evaporation ◽  
The University

Two calves (Aberdeen Angus and American Brahman) were used exposed to different combinations of wet- and dry-bulb temperatures in a psychromatric chamber at the Physiology Department of the University of Queensland. These animals were 7–8 months old when first exposed to heat.Effect of various drugs affecting the sympathetic nervous system (adrenaline, noradrenaline, Dibenamine, Priscol, atropine and acetylcholine) on the rate of cutaneous evaporation in calves was tested. Cutaneous evaporation was measured by means of a capsule before and after the administration of these drugs.Cutaneous evaporation increased with the introduction of adrenaline and was suppressed by the administration of Dibenamine. Noradrenaline and Priscol had no appreciable effect. Acetylcholine failed to stimulate sweating and atropine did not block the sweat glands.Sweat glands of cattle were, therefore, found to be functional and their innervation adrenergic. Cattle use sweat to prevent body temperature from rising, yet the amount of sweat secreted is not large enough to allow cattle to maintain thermoneutrality at high air temperatures.

scholarly journals Altered Salivary Alpha-Amylase Secretion in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoni Xu ◽  
Baoping Wei ◽  
Yanting Qiu ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Purpose. Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) frequently present with psychological disturbances as well as dysfunctions of autonomic nervous system (ANS). Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) secretion is predominantly controlled by sympathetic nervous activity, while salivary fluid secretion is by parasympathetic nervous activity. Thus, it is speculated that alterations of salivary secretion may be addressed in UC populations. Methods. Thirty-five UC patients as well as 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Saliva samples before and after citric acid stimulation were collected from each participant, and salivary flow rate (SFR) was calculated accordingly. Western blotting and quantitative PCR were applied to measure the sAA level and sAA gene (AMY1) copy number, respectively. The psychological disorders, anxiety and depression, were evaluated by the scoring system of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for each participant. Results. We observed robustly increased prevalence of anxiety (p<0.001) as well as depression (p<0.001) in UC patients relative to controls. Interestingly, we detected elevated basal (p=0.015) and stimulated (p=0.021) sAA levels in the UC populations compared to controls. However, no differences were found for basal (p=0.643) or stimulated (p=0.402) SFR between the two study groups. Besides, AMY1 gene copy number was comparable between UC patients and controls. Conclusions. Our results reveal an overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and a normal activity of the parasympathetic nervous system in the UC population.

scholarly journals Psychophysiological methods and criteria for the selection of individual metered loads in athletes of taekwondo section

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
G. V. Ohromiy ◽  
N.U. Makarova ◽  
A.M. Kasyuha
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motor Mode ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose: scientific rationale approaches Express-diagnostics for athletes of taekwondo section by psychophysiological parameters. Material: Total surveyed 84 people, including 68 boys and 16 girls. Were defined backup capabilities, exercise tolerance and selection of adequate individual dose of loads in preparation for the international competition, participants - taekwondo athletes. Was attended by representatives of Ukraine, Russia and Lithuania. Age groups of participants: 6 - 16 years. Athletes have different levels and different schools of training. Results: evaluation of exercise tolerance and definition of an adequate level of motor mode in taekwondo athletes in terms of the difference of lability (DL) before and after training, revealed: high and very high nervous system (NS) lability. These figures correspond to high and very high tolerance to physical loads. The respondents who had difference of liability (DL) <0, were well-trained athletes and their high points of strength of nervous system testified about good backup capabilities (withstand great and continuous loads). In 78 % of the tested load was chosen adequately. Less than 20% of the respondents noted the average backup capabilities. They need individual correction dose loads to increase adaptive capacity. Insignificant 10%, the share of respondents had low exercise tolerance at the average values NS strength, which indicates a good backup capabilities. The direct dependence: respondents with high levels on state of health, activity and mood - low levels of anxiety, frustration, aggression and rigidity. Conclusions The proposed optimized approach Express-diagnostics according to psychophysiological parameters allow you to determine the level of physical endurance, speed adaptation athletes in the sections taekwondo and adequate response to the loads.

scholarly journals Relationships of Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms with Obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo ◽  
Gavin W. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes are rapidly growing public health problems. Heightened sympathetic nerve activity is a well-established observation in obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Human obesity, hypertension, and diabetes have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate are predictive of weight gain, and the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating energy balance through thermogenesis. The thermogenic effects of catecholamines in obesity are mainly mediated via the β2, and β3-adrenergic receptors in humans. Further, β2-adrenoceptors importantly influence vascular reactivity and may regulate blood pressure. β-adrenoceptor polymorphisms have also been associated with adrenoceptor desensitization, increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and enhanced sympathetic nervous activity. Many epidemiological studies have shown strong relationships between adrenoceptor polymorphisms and obesity, but the observations have been discordant. This paper will discuss the current topics involving the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and β2- and β3-adrenoceptor polymorphisms in obesity.

Muscle sympathetic nervous activity in depressed patients before and after treatment with sertraline

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2429-2436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Zavaloni Scalco ◽  
Maria UPB Rondon ◽  
Ivani Credidio Trombetta ◽  
Mateus Camaroti Laterza ◽  
João BCCS Azul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Plasma noradrenaline in Goldblatt models of renovascular hypertension in the rat, before and after surgical reversal

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Walker ◽  
R. F. Bing ◽  
J. D. Swales ◽  
H. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
2K1c Hypertension

1. Plasma noradrenaline (NA), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured simultaneously in conscious rats under basal conditions in the early phase (4–6 weeks) of one-kidney, one-clip hypertension (1K1C), in the early (4–6 weeks) and chronic (> 16 weeks) phases of the two-kidney, one-clip model (2K1C) and in age-matched loose clip control animals before and 2 days after unclipping. 2. The elevated BP in all three hypertensive groups fell to normal after unclipping, whereas removal of the constricting clip in loose clip controls had no effect on BP. 3. Plasma NA was elevated in 1K1C hypertension (P < 0.05) and fell slightly but non-significantly on unclipping. However, in the early phase of 2K1C hypertension plasma NA was unaltered before and rose significantly (P < 0.05) after unclipping. Plasma NA did not change with unclipping in the chronic phase of 2K1C hypertension and was not different from controls. Unclipping loose clip control animals produced no change in plasma NA. 4. Changes in HR on unclipping followed a similar pattern to changes in plasma NA: changes in the two variables were significantly correlated in all three models (1K1C: r = 0.61, P < 0.005; early 2K1C: r = 0.45, P < 0.05; chronic 2K1C: r = 0.62, P < 0.01). However, BP was only correlated with plasma NA in 1K1C hypertension (r = 0.49, P < 0.02) and not in either phase of the 2K1C model. There was also a highly significant correlation between HR and plasma NA in 1K1C hypertension (r = 0.71, P < 0.001). The pattern of the changes in plasma NA and HR that occurred with reversal of 1K1C hypertension was significantly different from those in the early phase 2K1C model (P < 0.05). 5. These data suggest that there is sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation in the early phase of 1K1C hypertension, but provide no evidence for increased sympathetic activity in either the early or chronic phases of the 2K1C model. Neither do they support the hypothesis that the fall in BP with unclipping in this model is mediated by reduced SNS activity.

scholarly journals Influences of Lavender Essential Oil Inhalation on Stress Responses during Short-Duration Sleep Cycles: A Pilot Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Wakako Yogi ◽  
Mana Tsukada ◽  
Yosuke Sato ◽  
Takuji Izuno ◽  
Tatsuki Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
System Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Lavender essential oil (LEO) was reported to improve sleep quality. We investigated the influence of aromatherapy by testing the effects of LEO on stress responses during a short-duration sleep in a single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. The subjects were twelve healthy adults who were nonsmokers without any known disease and who were not prescribed medications, and nine of these completed the study. After the subjects had fallen asleep, they were sprayed with LEO using an aroma diffuser. Before and after 90 min of sleep, α-amylase, chromogranin A (CgA), and cortisol levels in saliva were measured as objective stress indicators, and the Japanese version of the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist was used as a subjective indicator. A comparison of changes before and after sleep, with and without LEO, revealed that the cortisol level did not significantly change; however, α-amylase (p < 0.05) and CgA (p < 0.01) levels significantly decreased after LEO inhalation. A mood test indicated no change in mood before and after sleep, with or without LEO. Since α-amylase and CgA reflect the sympathetic nervous system response, these results indicate that LEO aromatherapy during a short-duration sleep cycle suppresses the stress response, especially that of the sympathetic nervous system.

Propofol-induced Increase in Vascular Capacitance Is Due to Inhibition of Sympathetic Vasoconstrictive Activity 

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1495-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Hoka ◽  
Ken Yamaura ◽  
Tomoaki Takenaka ◽  
Shosuke Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Block Group ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Vascular Capacitance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
The Right

Background Venodilation is thought to be one of the mechanisms underlying propofol-induced hypotension. The purpose of this study is to test two hypotheses: (1) propofol increases systemic vascular capacitance, and (2) the capacitance change produced by propofol is a result of an inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity. Methods In 33 Wistar rats previously anesthetized with urethane and ketamine, vascular capacitance was examined before and after propofol infusion by measuring mean circulatory filling pressure (Pmcf). The Pmcf was measured during a brief period of circulatory arrest produced by inflating an indwelling balloon in the right atrium. Rats were assigned into four groups: an intact group, a sympathetic nervous system (SNS)-block group produced by hexamethonium infusion, a SNS-block + noradrenaline (NA) group, and a hypovolemic group. The Pmcf was measured at a control state and 2 min after a bolus administration of 2, 10, and 20 mg/kg of propofol. Results The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was decreased by propofol dose-dependently in intact, hypovolemic, and SNS-block groups, but the decrease in MAP was less in the SNS-block group (-25%) than in the intact (-50%) and hypovolemic (-61%) groups. In the SNS-block + NA group, MAP decreased only at 20 mg/kg of propofol (-18%). The Pmcf decreased in intact and hypovolemic groups in a dose-dependent fashion but was unchanged in the SNS-block and SNS-block + NA groups. Conclusions The results have provided two principal findings: (1) propofol decreases Pmcf dose-dependently, and (2) the decrease in Pmcf by propofol is elicited only when the sympathetic nervous system is intact, suggesting that propofol increases systemic vascular capacitance as a result of an inhibition of sympathetic nervous system.

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