Gas flaring and environmental issues in the Niger Delta, 1956-2007

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
O. M. Osiki
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
The People

Gas flaring, which has assumed a worrisome dimension globally, is one of the environmental problems affecting the NigerDelta region of Nigeria. It has caused untold socio-economic, environmental and psychological effects on the people andtheir communities. Combating the problem has proved Herculean, especially owing to the lackadaisical attitudes of both thefederal government of Nigeria and the various oil companies whose activities have constituted the menace of oil flaring. Thiswork, therefore, assesses the origin, impact and various responses to the problem of gas flaring in the Niger Delta regionfrom historical and chronological perspectives. The work also examines how gas flaring has contributed to the depletion ofthe Ozone layer as well as its greenhouse effect and maintains that adequate measures must be put in place to addressthe problem vis- ` a-vis other crude oil-related environmental degradation in the region. It suggests possible remedies to theproblem placing emphasis on multifaceted approaches.

scholarly journals How Multinational Oil Companies and Corrupt Niger Delta Elites Underdeveloped the Niger Delta Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-266
Author(s):  
ANGELA AJODO ADEBANJOKO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Oil Wealth

This study is on the role played by Multinational Oil Companies (MNOCs) and Niger Delta elites in the underdevelopment of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study adopts a descriptive approach drawing data mainly from secondary data such as books, articles in newspapers, journals, internet etc. The study found that the Niger Delta region is endowed with natural resources. Among this is crude oil which is the mainstay of the Nigerian economy.Despite this oil wealth however, the region is largely underdeveloped. Poverty, massive unemployment, absence of safe drinking water, filth and squalor, lack of access to health care,education and housing among others are some of the features of the region. The problem of underdevelopment in the Niger Delta was traced to MNOCs and Niger Delta elites. The paper therefore argues that oil exploration activities of MNOCs such as gas flares and oil spills which have resulted in environmental degradation have deprived the people of the region their means of livelihood while corrupt practices of Niger Delta elites who embezzle funds meant fordevelopment have been responsible for the underdevelopment of the region. The study recommends among others the need for MNOCs to compensate the people for years of environmental degradation while Niger Delta elites found guilty of embezzlement while in office should be sent to jail.

Impact of Environmental Degradation on Human Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
_______ Archana ◽  
Charu Datta ◽  
Pratibha Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Economic Institute ◽  
Day By Day

Degradation of environment is one of the most serious challenges before the mankind in today’s world. Mankind has been facing a wide range of problem arising out of the degradation of environment. Not only the areas under human inhabitation, but the areas of the planet without human population have also been suffering from these problems. As the population increase day by day, the amenities are not improved simultaneously. With the advancement of science and technologies the needs of human beings has been changing rapidly. As a result different types of environmental problems have been rising. Environmental degradation is a wide- reaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human population is great. It may be defined the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water, and soil. The destruction of ecosystem and extinction of wildlife. Environmental degradation has occurred due to the recent activities in the field of socio-economic, institute and technology. Poverty still remains a problem as the root of several environmental problems to create awareness among the people about the ill effect of environmental pollution. In the whole research it is clear that all factors of environmental degradation may be reduced through- Framing the new laws on environmental degradation, Environment friend policy, Controlling all the ways and means of noise, air, soil and water pollution, Through growing more and more trees and by adapting the proper sanitation policy.  

scholarly journals Environment pollution: The rise of militarism and terrorism in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Christian Madubuko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The People ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive

Oil was discovered in large quantities in Nigeria in 1956 and exploration began in the same year. Before oil, agriculture and fishing had assured the Niger Delta people of a bright future. Since 1956, oil has been extracted from the Niger Delta with destructive consequences on the environment, bringing about environmental degradation and destruction of the people’s primary means of livelihood. Land and water were badly polluted, and the health of the people affected because of leaks from oil pipelines, gas flaring and acid rains. Several petitions and non-violent protests by Delta communities, women and youth against environmental destruction failed to receive attention. Rather, opposition to peaceful protests earned the people military invasions of their communities, clampdowns and jailings. The rise of militarism and terrorism in the Niger Delta was the result of the Federal Government and Oil Companies’ clampdown on non-violent protests for environmental justice in the Niger Delta. This paper discusses the history of oil exploration in the Niger Delta, oil laws, effects of oil exploration in the region, and the rise of militants and terrorists in the area. The paper uses the term, ‘environmental Justice’ to denote unfair treatment and destruction of the Delta environment resulting from oil exploration, non implementation and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations, and abuse of human rights.The paper suggests solutions for peace in the Niger Delta.

scholarly journals Social impacts of oil extraction in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Obumneme Achunike
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Amnesty International ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Nigerian Government

Oil was discovered in Nigeria in1956 at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta Region after almost 50 years of exploration. Shell-BP at that time, was the sole concessionaire because non-British companies were not given exploration license to operate in Nigeria. After Nigerian Independence in 1960, exploration rights were extended to other multinational oil companies. More than 16 multinational oil companies were in operation with little or no supervision from the Nigerian Government, which created significant environmental, political,and social impact in the region. A critical discourse analysis of documents from Shell, Amnesty International, THISDAY Newspaper revealed that the Nigerian government has failed to safeguard the environment and the lives of the people. On the basis of evidence presented on this research, in addition to literature, it can be argued that oil has turned out to be a curse to the Niger Delta Region and Nigeria in general.

scholarly journals Oil production and the problematic of water pollution in the Niger Delta: A study of selected communities in Bayelsa State

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Kelly Bryan Ovie Ejumudo ◽  
Ogochukwu Harrison Amede
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Abstract This study examines the problematic of oil production and water pollution in selected oil-bearing communities in Bayelsa State. The design of the study was descriptive survey. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The data were analyzed using chi-square. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the role of the Nigerian State, multinational oil companies as well as the community leadership and the negative effects of water pollution on the health, occupation/economic and the livelihood standard/poverty level of the people of the oil-bearing communities in Bayelsa State. The study recommended among others that the multi-layered levels of government should formulate and genuinely implement policies that will mitigate the effects of water pollution on the health, economic and livelihood status of the people and the multinational oil conglomerates should be truly committed to integrated policies and strategies that will close the developmental gaps in the Niger Delta Region.

scholarly journals Oil Exploration and Exploitation in Ugbo (Ilaje) Communities of Coastal Yorubaland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
‘Gbade Ikuejube ◽  
O.A. Funmilayo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Cultural Extinction

Coastal Yorubaland is one of the richest parts of Nigeria in terms of natural resource endowment. The area is blessed with extensive forests, good agricultural land and abundant water resources such as fish. It is also blessed with reserves of crude oil. This natural resource has attracted the attention of oil companies, whose activities often result in economic and social problems such as environmental pollution, occupational dislocation, cultural extinction and rural urban drift. However, the attitude of the people in this region, especially the militant youths, has also contributed to environmental degradation: oil pipe vandalization has become a constant occurrence, and it has a debilitating effect on the environment. Environmental devastation, economic poverty and constant conflict constitute a lived reality. Oil exploitation activities have also left much of the area desolate, poor and uninhabitable. This article argues that the effects of oil exploitation on Ilaje Ugbo communities are comparable to what occurs in other oil communities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING OIL SPILL RELATED CONFLICTS IN THE NIGER DELTA: A CASE STUDY OF BAYELSA STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-483
Author(s):  
Ndidiamaka Chijioke ◽  
Susan Audu-Bako ◽  
Ikechukwu Uwakwe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Exploration Activity

The discovery of crude oil in Oloibiri-a town in the present Bayelsa state, Niger-Delta region of Nigeria) in 1956 and the subsequent exploration activities have over the years impacted tremendously not only on the ecosystem and livelihood pattern of the Niger Delta but on the pattern of conflicts that has trended.. While resources accruable to Nigeria from sale of crude oil are shared by all, the impacts of oil spill an offshoot of crude oil exploration activities are borne solely by the Niger Delta region. Oil spill appears to have found a permanent abode in Bayelsa state; from Southern Ijaw to Sagbama local governments, Olodiama to Azuzuama communities. Local communities are faced with the problem of continuous oil spill. This in turn has brought about conflicts between oil bearing communities and oil companies. These conflicts in some instances led to shut down of operations of oil companies, vandalism, and reduction of Nigeria’s crude export. In view of the illustrated background, this study examined the strategies for management of oil spill related conflicts in Bayelsa state regarding that oil spill is a key impact of crude oil exploration activity. Findings revealed that the strategies deployed in the management of oil spill in the state can be categorised into three: community strategies, regulators and non-governmental organisations strategies.

NIGER DELTA CRISIS AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AMNESTY PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Abstract The Niger Delta since inception of oil exploration in 1956 has been witnessing series of environmental insecurities which culminated into long term sufferings of the people living in the region. The activities of oil companies paid less attention to the well-being of the region and consequently metamorphosed into youth’s militancy –in terms of kidnapping and armed struggles. The effects of militancy led to the proclamation of amnesty programme designed to ameliorate the crisis situation and pardon those who were involved in militancy by the President Yar’Adua led administration in 2009. However, the question of insincerity from the government, multinational oil companies, agencies and militants remains a burden undermining the amnesty implementation programme and its successes in post-amnesty Niger Delta. This seminar, therefore, examined the social impact of amnesty programme and its challenges on Niger Delta. Internet explorations, magazines, newspaper cut-outs, books and journals were the instruments of data collection. Suggestions for proper implementation of amnesty programme and developmental actualisation in the Niger Delta Region were proffered. Keywords: Niger Delta, Crisis, Amnesty Programme, Nigeria

Understanding Oil Company – Community Conflicts in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibaba Ibaba
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Revenue Allocation ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
Oil Company

This paper examines the contradictory realities that have thrown up the conflicting relationship between oil companies and oil producing communities in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. To achieve this objective, the paper, after the introduction which provides the background and framework of analysis, situated the conflict in its political setting. It established that the privatization and ethnicisation of politics in Nigeria, has resulted to a resource distribution system that alienates Oil Producing Communities from the oil wealth. State legislations on the oil industry and manipulations of the revenue allocation system have made this possible. The article demonstrates that although the causes of the conflicts are complex and interrelated, material deprivation is central to the conflicts. It highlights oil based environmental degradation induced productivity losses and occupational disorientation, inadequate compensation for damages caused by oil industry activities, poor channels of communication by the oil companies, failed community development programmes of the oil companies, among others as causes of the conflicting relationship. The paper notes that current policies have not addressed these factors that motivate conflict. In addition to compensation, the paper suggests the integration of the people into the oil economy, and the direction of public resources to public good as the likely solution.

Resource Misgovernance and the Contradictions of Gas Flaring in Nigeria: A Theoretical Conversation

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeoye O Akinola
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Cost Benefits ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Nigeria remains Africa’s largest energy producer and at the same time possesses one of the highest gas flaring rates in the continent. Gas flaring in the Niger Delta region, estimated at 75% of the entire gas produced in Nigeria, highlights the environmental abuse posed by resource extraction, and exposes the failure of successive governments to eliminate the threat it portends to human survival in the oil region. The federal government formally declared gas flaring illegal since 1984, but multinational oil companies continue to treat compliance as a matter of convenience and not of necessity. Despite persistent protests against environmental degradation by the oil-producing communities, the refusal of the oil companies to end gas flaring and complicity of the government remained sources of concern. In the light of these, the study examines the crux of the gas flaring imbroglio, assesses the cost–benefits of gas flaring, and explores how gas emissions to the atmosphere have threatened human existence and ecological sustainability in the Niger Delta oil region. The study reiterates the urgency to enforce a zero-gas-flaring policy in Nigerian oil communities.

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