scholarly journals The Cannabis Retail Environment for Young Adults in Los Angeles: Which Metrics Matter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caislin Firth ◽  
Rachana Seelam ◽  
Anthony Rodriguez ◽  
Regina Shih ◽  
Joan Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Adjusted Model

Background: Currently, there is no consensus on how to measure cannabis retailer density. Researchers and policy makers need clear measures to support policies that mitigate unintended harms of legalization. To address this gap, our unique study leverages cannabis retailer location data in Los Angeles County (LA), California, and home addresses from an LA-based cohort of young adults (21-25 years) to develop a series of cannabis retailer density metrics and assess their relationship with cannabis use. Methods: Drawing from GIS-based measures of alcohol outlet density, we developed a series of cannabis retailer density metrics: proximity, counts within 5- 10- 15-, and 30-minute driving distances, and considered retail licensure. Retailer addresses were compiled by webscraping cannabis registries (e.g. Weedmaps) and conducting field visits (March 2019). Home addresses were geocoded for participants who completed a 2019 survey (n 1097). A series of retailer metrics was created for each person. We fit a series of multi-level logistic regression models with a random intercept by census tract (CT) (models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, college student, and CT median household income) to assess which retailer metrics were associated with any past month cannabis use. Results: Thirty percent of participants used cannabis in the past month, and 430 retailers were operating in LA in 2019. Thirty-nine percent of participants had a retailer within a mile from home and an average of 14 retailers within a 10-minute drive. Licensed retailers were less prevalent; the nearest licensed retailer was on average 2.4 miles from home. The odds of past month cannabis use significantly increased by 3% (OR:1.03, 95% CI:1.00–1.07) for every additional licensed retailer within a 10-minute drive in adjusted model; use was also significantly associated with licensed retailers within a 30-minute drive (OR:1.01, 95% CI:1.00–1.01). Proximity metrics were not significantly associated with past month cannabis use.

scholarly journals Alcohol outlet density and alcohol consumption in Los Angeles county and southern Louisiana

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schonlau ◽  
Richard Scribner ◽  
Thomas A. Farley ◽  
Katherine P. Theall ◽  
Ricky N. Bluthenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Southern Louisiana

Medical Marijuana Dispensaries and Referrals for Child Maltreatment Investigations

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091259
Author(s):  
Bridget Freisthler ◽  
Christiana Kranich
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Medical Marijuana Dispensaries ◽  
Conditionally Autoregressive

The changing legal status of marijuana in the United States has increased access to the drug through medical marijuana dispensaries. Limited research exists that examines the effects of these dispensaries on social problems including child maltreatment. The current study examines how medical marijuana dispensaries may affect referrals for child abuse and neglect investigations. Data are analyzed from 2,342 Census tracts in Los Angeles County, California. Locations of medical marijuana dispensaries were obtained through Weedmaps.com . Using conditionally autoregressive models, local and spatially lagged dispensaries show a positive relationship to rates of referrals in the unadjusted models. However, when we adjust for alcohol outlet density and measures of social disorganization, this relationship is no longer significant. Although this study does not find a relationship between medical marijuana dispensaries and referrals for investigations of child maltreatment, it should not be considered a definitive finding of this relationship. The increasing number of states that are allowing marijuana to be used for medical and recreational purposes is resulting in more people using the drug and the effects on parenting are still unknown.

scholarly journals A Macrolevel Examination of County-Level Risk Factors for Underage Drinking Prevention: Intervention Opportunities to Protect Youth in the State of Georgia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. O'Quin ◽  
Sheryl M. Strasser ◽  
Monica H. Swahn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Underage Drinking ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Negative Impacts

Introduction. Underage drinking can have profoundly negative impacts on childhood development. This study compares 4 categories of known underage drinking risk factors with alcohol consumption. The social indicators in these categories will be compared in the 10 most-at-risk (MAR) counties and the 10 least-at-risk (LAR) counties identified in Georgia. Methods. Independent 2-tailed t-tests were conducted to compare group means among MAR and LAR counties for all identified risk factors. Results. Significant differences were observed in all factors included in the poverty and alcohol outlet density categories. Discussion. The findings underscore the importance of better understanding youth drinking, poverty, and alcohol outlet density. However, our findings, supported by previous individual and aggregated level research, support strategies for researchers and policy makers to more proactively respond to poverty-stricken and high-density alcohol outlet indicators. The current ecological evaluation of underage drinking risk assessed on a macrolevel offers insights into the demographic features, social structures, and cultural patterns of counties that potentially predispose youth to greater health risks specifically associated with underage drinking.

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and cannabis use are equally strongly associated with psychotic-like experiences: a cross-sectional study in 1929 young adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2393-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. van Gastel ◽  
J. H. MacCabe ◽  
C. D. Schubart ◽  
A. Vreeker ◽  
W. Tempelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Strong Independent Predictor

BackgroundCannabis use is associated with increased risk for psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and psychotic disorders. It remains unclear whether this relationship is causal or due to confounding.MethodA total of 1929 young adults aged 18–30 years participated in a nationwide internet-based survey in The Netherlands and gave information on demographics, substance use and parental psychiatric illness and completed the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE).ResultsCigarette smoking and cannabis use were equally strongly associated with the frequency of PLEs in a fully adjusted model (β = 0.098 and 0.079 respectively, p < 0.05). Cannabis use was associated with distress from PLEs in a model adjusted for an elaborate set of confounders excluding smoking (β = 0.082, p < 0.05). However, when cigarette smoking was included in the model, cannabis use was not a significant predictor of distress from PLEs. Cigarette smoking remained associated with distress from PLEs in a fully adjusted model (β = 0.107, p < 0.001).ConclusionsSmoking is an equally strong independent predictor of frequency of PLEs as monthly cannabis use. Our results suggest that the association between moderate cannabis use and PLEs is confounded by cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Association between Physical Activity and Comorbidities in Spanish People with Asthma-COPD Overlap

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7580
Author(s):  
Sheila Sánchez Castillo ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Arturo Díaz Suárez ◽  
Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are important conditions which often coexist. Higher rates of comorbidities among people with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) may complicate clinical management. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 30 different comorbidities and to analyze associations between these comorbidities and physical activity (PA) in Spanish people with ACO. Cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analyzed. A total of 198 Spanish people with ACO aged 15–69 years (60.6% women) were included in this study. PA was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form. Diagnosis of chronic conditions were self-reported. Associations between PA and comorbidities were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. The most prevalent comorbidities were chronic allergy (58.1%), chronic lumbar pain (42.4%), chronic cervical pain (38.4%), hypertension (33.3%) and arthrosis (31.8%). A PA level lower than 600 MET·min/week was significantly associated with urinary incontinence (OR = 3.499, 95% CI = 1.369–8.944) and osteoporosis (OR = 3.056, 95% CI = 1.094–8.538) in the final adjusted model. Therefore, the potential influence of PA on reducing the risk of these conditions among people with ACO should be considered, not only because of the health benefits, but also because PA can contribute to a more sustainable world.

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