scholarly journals Mapeamento da Caatinga com Uso de Geotecnologia e Análise da Umidade Antecedente em Bacia Hidrográfica (Mapping of Caatinga with Use of Geotechnology and Analysis of Antecedent Humidity in Hydrographic Basin)

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Megma Francisco ◽  
Iêde De Brito Chaves ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues Viana de Lima ◽  
Maria Marle Bandeira ◽  
Bernardo Barbosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
Medium Resolution

O estado da Paraíba tem como característica climática marcante as irregularidades, tanto espacial quanto temporal do seu regime de chuvas, uma vez que, 86,6% do seu território faz parte da região semiárida brasileira. A cobertura vegetal de caatinga, já bastante impactada pela ação antrópica, apresenta diferentes feições relacionadas aos fatores edafoclimáticos, dentre estes, a precipitação, que influenciada pelo relevo, tende a aumentar com a altitude dentro dos diferentes espaços hidrogeográficos. Quanto menor a precipitação, maior a aridez e a irregularidade da distribuição das chuvas. No período seco, a maioria das plantas da caatinga perde a folhagem, recompondo-se rapidamente, logo que inicia um novo período de chuva. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência da umidade antecedente em imagem orbital de média resolução espacial e utilizada para mapeamento da vegetação de caatinga através do Índice de Vegetação de Diferença Normalizada e o Índice de Biomassa da Vegetação Lenhosa. Concluiu-se que com a utilização de imagem de média resolução espacial a classificação em 9 classes foi satisfatória na separação das fisionomias existentes na região estudada; que a análise da diferença espectral pode contribuir no monitoramento; que houve influência da umidade antecedente nas respostas espectrais; que a biomassa da vegetação de caatinga está relacionada à disponibilidade de água no solo; e com o uso de geotecnologia pode-se chegar a resultados satisfatórios.Palavras - chave: Semiárido, índice de vegetação, sensoriamento remoto. Mapping of Caatinga with Use of Geotechnology and Analysis of Antecedent Humidity in Hydrographic Basin ABSTRACTThe state of Paraíba is characterized by striking climatic irregularities, both its spatial and temporal rainfall, since 86.6% of its territory is part of the Brazilian semiarid region. The vegetation of caatinga, enough already impacted by human activity, has different features related to soil and climatic factors, among these, the precipitation, which influenced by the relief, tends to increase with altitude within the different spaces hidrogeografic. The lower rainfall, increased aridity and the irregularity of rainfall distribution. In the dry season, most plants of the caatinga lose foliage, recovering quickly, as soon as you start a new period of rain. Generally, the quantity and persistence of hardwood biomass from caatinga vegetation is related to soil water availability. This study aimed to analyze the influence of antecedent moisture on multispectral image captured by the sensor and medium resolution satellite used for mapping of caatinga vegetation using NDVI and IBVL. It was concluded by this study that the use of medium-resolution image, the classification in nine classes was satisfactory in the separation the physiognomies in the region studied, which of the difference spectral analysis can help in monitoring and there was no influence of antecedent humidity on spectral responses, that biomass of caatinga vegetation is related to soil water availability, and the use of geotechnology can be reached satisfactory results.Keywords: Semiarid, vegetation index, remote sensing.

scholarly journals Influence of edapho-climatic factors on grape quality in Conca de Baberà vineyards (Catalonia, Spain)

OENO One ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Josep Miquel Ubalde ◽  
Xavier Sort ◽  
Rosa Maria Poch ◽  
Miquel Porta
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
High Power ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Berry Composition

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: Soil and climate of 3vineyards located in Catalonia (Spain) have been characterized in order todetermine their influence on grape quality (yield and berry composition).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: All 3 plots are very close, so only interannual climatic data of the nearest meteorological station have been considered. Besides determining chemical and physical properties of soils, the soil water availability has been characterised using capacitance sensors for the period from 2003 to 2005. Both yield and berry composition data were available from Miguel Torres Winery. Climatic data and water availability explained 70% of vintage variability and soil data explained 28% of vintage variability. The edapho-climatic factors had generally a high power of estimation of yield and quality of grapes (R2 &gt; 0.75). Climate appeared to be the most influencing factor, followed by water availability, in particular for models referring to must data. Generally, soil data had influence on yield and some must data.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The edapho-climatic data explain most of the vintage variability and have a high power of estimation on grape quality.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>:This study remarks the importance of a global approach which takes inot account at least climate and soil water availability to understand the functioning of vines and evolution of berry composition.</p>

scholarly journals Characterizing Growing Season Length of Subtropical Coniferous Forests with a Phenological Model

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Yuan Gong ◽  
Christina L. Staudhammer ◽  
Susanne Wiesner ◽  
Gregory Starr ◽  
Yinlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phenological Model

Understanding plant phenological change is of great concern in the context of global climate change. Phenological models can aid in understanding and predicting growing season changes and can be parameterized with gross primary production (GPP) estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. This study used nine years of EC-derived GPP data from three mature subtropical longleaf pine forests in the southeastern United States with differing soil water holding capacity in combination with site-specific micrometeorological data to parameterize a photosynthesis-based phenological model. We evaluated how weather conditions and prescribed fire led to variation in the ecosystem phenological processes. The results suggest that soil water availability had an effect on phenology, and greater soil water availability was associated with a longer growing season (LOS). We also observed that prescribed fire, a common forest management activity in the region, had a limited impact on phenological processes. Dormant season fire had no significant effect on phenological processes by site, but we observed differences in the start of the growing season (SOS) between fire and non-fire years. Fire delayed SOS by 10 d ± 5 d (SE), and this effect was greater with higher soil water availability, extending SOS by 18 d on average. Fire was also associated with increased sensitivity of spring phenology to radiation and air temperature. We found that interannual climate change and periodic weather anomalies (flood, short-term drought, and long-term drought), controlled annual ecosystem phenological processes more than prescribed fire. When water availability increased following short-term summer drought, the growing season was extended. With future climate change, subtropical areas of the Southeastern US are expected to experience more frequent short-term droughts, which could shorten the region’s growing season and lead to a reduction in the longleaf pine ecosystem’s carbon sequestration capacity.

Screening optimum population density in response to soil water availability in dryland wheat: From laboratory to field

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 107147
Author(s):  
Sai-Yong Zhu ◽  
Zheng-Guo Cheng ◽  
Tao Tian ◽  
Dong-Shan Gong ◽  
Guang-Chao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Optimum Population

scholarly journals Ecometabolic mixture design-fingerprints from exploratory multi-block data analysis in Coffea arabica beans from climate changes: elevated carbon dioxide and reduced soil water availability

2021 ◽  
pp. 129716
Author(s):  
Gustavo Galo Marcheafave ◽  
Cláudia Domiciano Tormena ◽  
Amelia Elena Terrile ◽  
Carlos Alberto Rossi Salamanca-Neto ◽  
Elen Romão Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Block Data

scholarly journals Establishment of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, under levels of soil water availability in stages of growth of the plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1405-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Coelho de Araujo ◽  
Patrícia Menezes Santos ◽  
Fernando Campos Mendonça ◽  
Gerson Barreto Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Stages Of Growth

scholarly journals Yield Component Responses of the Brachiaria brizantha Forage Grass to Soil Water Availability in the Brazilian Cerrado

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Camila Thaiana Rueda da Silva ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Tonny José de Araújo da Silva ◽  
Everton Alves Rodrigues Pinheiro ◽  
Jefferson Vieira José ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha

Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers of beef cattle and dairy products, which requires high forage yield to attend grass-fed animals’ demand. Among the grass species adopted in the forage production system in Brazil, the Brachiaria genus stands out. This genus comprises nearly 85% of all planted forage area. In general, forage production systems in Brazil are essentially rainfed, and thus susceptible to seasonal soil water stresses. Selecting the suitable Brachiaria cultivar for lands susceptible to periodic waterlogging and dry spells is crucial to enhance forage yield, and consequently, to reduce the environmental footprint of the livestock sector. In this research, we investigated the performance of three recent commercial Brachiaria brizantha cultivars (Piatã, BRS Paiaguás, and MG13 Braúna) extensively adopted in Brazil’s grazing systems subjected to different ranges of soil water potential. For three cutting periods, yield related-variables (e.g., plant height, leaf area, dry biomass, and water use efficiency) were measured. Our results point to the existence of a low drought-resistant trait among cultivars, indicating the need for releasing better-adapted cultivars to cope with reduced soil water availability. All cultivars achieved higher performance at soil water pressure head between −15 kPa and −25 kPa; and in general, the cultivar. Piatã showed slightly superior results to most of the treatments.

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