scholarly journals Pre-hydration strongly reduces decompression sickness occurrence after a simulated dive in the rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Qiong Wang ◽  
◽  
François Guerrero ◽  
Michaël Theron ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Mass Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Hydration status is considered a parameter likely to influence the risk of decompression sickness (DCS), but scientific evidence is scarce and conflicting. This experiment aimed to analyse the influence of pre-hydration on DCS occurrence in a rat model. Methods: Intra-peritoneal injections of saline solution were administered to rats (NaCl 0.9% 0 ml (Control), 0.1 ml (Group 1), or 1 ml·100g-1 body mass (Group 2) at each of 24 h, 12 h, and 30 min prior to simulated air dives (45 min at 1,010 kPa; compression and decompression rates 101 kPa·min-1; stops 5 min at 202 kPa, 5 min at 160 kPa, 10 min at 130 kPa). Evaluation of DCS occurrence and severity was made after decompression. Results: Pre-dive hydration reduced severe DCS from 47% (Control) to 29% (Group 1) and 0% (Group 2), and increased the proportion of animals without any signs of DCS from 40 (Control) to 57% (Group 1) and 93% (Group 2); Chi2 P = 0.041. Conclusions: This experiment demonstrated that pre-hydration can drastically reduce the DCS occurrence in an animal model. In the context of scuba diving, this result highlights the importance of elucidating the mechanisms linking hydration status and DCS risk.

Effects of insulin-like growth factor–I and platelet-rich plasma on sciatic nerve crush injury in a rat model

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Emel ◽  
Selma Sönmez Ergün ◽  
Dilcan Kotan ◽  
Esra Başar Gürsoy ◽  
Yeşim Parman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Object Local administration of insulin-like growth factor–I (IGF-I) has been shown to increase the rate of axon regeneration in crush-injured and freeze-injured rat sciatic nerves. Local administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been also shown to have a measurable effect on facial nerve regeneration after transection in a rat model. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of locally administered IGF-I and PRP on the parameters of the Sciatic Function Index (SFI), sensory function (SF), axon count, and myelin thickness/axon diameter ratio (G-ratio) in a rat model of crush-injured sciatic nerves. Methods The right sciatic nerve of Wistar albino rats (24 animals) was crushed using a Yasargil-Phynox aneurysm clip for 45 minutes. All animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (control group) was treated with saline, Group 2 was treated with IGF-I, and Group 3 was treated with PRP. Injections were performed using the tissue expander's injection port with a connecting tube directed at the crush-injured site. Functional recovery was assessed with improvement in the SFI. Recovery of sensory function was using the pinch test. Histopathological examination was performed 3 months after the injury. Results The SFI showed an improved functional recovery in the IGF-I–treated animals (Group 2) compared with the saline-treated animals (Group 1) 30 days after the injury. In IGF-I–treated rats, sensory function returned to the baseline level significantly faster than in saline-treated and PRP-treated rats as shown in values between SF-2 and SF-7. The G-ratios were found to be significantly higher in both experimental groups than in the control group. Conclusions This study suggests that the application of IGF-I to the crush-injured site may expedite the functional recovery of paralyzed muscle by increasing the rate of axon regeneration.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Hyalase Hydrodissection in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled, Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2;23 (4;2) ◽  
pp. E175-E183
Author(s):  
Emad Zarief Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy, which results from median nerve compression. A lot of nonsurgical modalities are available for the management of mild to moderate situations. Local Hyalase hydrodissection (HD) of the entrapped median nerve could offer a desirable sustained symptom alleviation. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Hyalase/saline solution carpal tunnel HD on pain, functional status, and nerve conduction in patients with CTS. Study Design: A randomized, double-blinded trial. Setting: Anesthesia, pain, and rheumatology clinics in a university hospital. Methods: Patients: 60 patients with CTS (> 6 months’ duration). Intervention: patients were allocated equally into either group 1 (HD with Hyalase + 10 mL saline solution injection), or group 2 (HD with 10 mL saline solution only). Measurements: assessment of pain using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), functional disability (FD) score, and nerve conduction studies before injection, and over 6 months after injection. Nerve conduction parameters before injection and postinjection by the end of 3 and 6 months were evaluated as well. Results: Statistically significant lower postinjection values of VAS (1 ± 1.8, 2 ± 1.1, 2 ± 1.2, 2 ± 1.1) in group 1 versus (2 ± 1.2, 3 ± 1.7, 4 ± 1.5, 5 ± 2.6) in group 2 by the end of the first week, and the first, third, and sixth months, and significantly lower FD scores (15.3 ± 1.2, 13 ± 1.3, 10.2 ± 1.3, 10.2 ± 1.3) in group 1 versus (17.5 ± 1.8, 16.6 ± 2.8, 19.4 ± 3.2, 21.2 ± 2.5) in group 2 during the same time intervals. Nerve conduction study parameters have shown significantly higher velocity and lower latency in the Hyalase group than in the saline solution group by the 3 and 6 month follow-up. Limitation: We suggest a longer period could be reasonable. Conclusions: Carpal tunnel HD with Hyalase with saline solution is considered as an efficient technique offering a rapid onset of pain relief and functional improvements, and better median nerve conduction in patients with CTS over 6 months follow-up duration. Key words: Carpal tunnel syndrome, Hyalase, median nerve hydrodissection

scholarly journals The optical analysis of the abdominal wall using the biospeckle after implants of polypropylene mesh in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-448
Author(s):  
Tâmara Maria Nieri ◽  
Marco Antonio de Oliveira Peres ◽  
Emerson Rodrigo da Silva ◽  
Inácio Maria Dal Fabbro ◽  
Mikiya Muramatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Polypropylene Mesh ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mesh Placement ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Mesh Prosthesis ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To evaluate an experimental animal model to study the abdominal tissue activity considering its interaction with a polypropylene mesh, through the use of one of the optical phenomena of light Laser, the biospeckle. METHODS: Fifty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: ten animals not submitted to surgery; Group 2: ten animals submitted to surgery without polypropylene mesh; Group 3: 20 animals submitted to surgery followed by the mesh placement; Group 4: (sham) with ten animals. None of the animals presented post surgical complications being submitted to the optical tests at the 20th postoperative day. RESULTS: The analysis from the biospeckle tests, comparing the medians and standard deviations with T Student test, indicated that no significative difference was observed on the abdominal wall tissue activity in the four groups considered, with and without polypropylene mesh prosthesis implantation. CONCLUSION: The animal model is viable and the biospeckle open ways for a great number of experiments to be developed in evaluating tissue activity.

A novel rat model for the study of intraosseous metastatic spine cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Mantha ◽  
Federico G. Legnani ◽  
Carlos A. Bagley ◽  
Gary L. Gallia ◽  
Ira Garonzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Functional Score ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Group 1

Object. Although metastatic spinal disease constitutes a significant percentage of all spinal column tumors, an accessible and reproducible animal model has not been reported. In this study the authors describe the technique for creating an intraosseous spinal tumor model in rats and present a functional and histological analysis. Methods. Eighteen female Fischer 344 rats were randomized into two groups. Group 1 animals underwent a transabdominal exposure and implantation of CRL-1666 breast adenocarcinoma into the L-6 vertebral body (VB). Animals in Group 2 underwent a sham operation. Hindlimb function was tested daily by using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale. Sixteen days after tumor implantation, animals were killed and their spines were removed for histological assessment. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. By Day 15 functional analysis showed a significant decrease in motor function in Group 1 animals (median functional score 2 of 21) compared with Group 2 rats (median functional score 21 of 21) (p = 0.0217). The onset of paraparesis in Group 1 occurred within 14 to 16 days of surgery. Histopathological analysis showed tumor proliferation through the VB and into the spinal canal, with marked osteolytic activity and spinal cord compression. Conclusions. Analysis of these findings demonstrates the consistency of tumor growth in this model and validates the utility of functional testing for onset of paresis. This new rat model allows for the preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutic treatments for patients harboring metastatic spine disease.

Cyclosporine Dose, Serum Trough Levels, and Allograft Preservation in a Rat Model of Laryngeal Transplantation

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Haug ◽  
Michael Fritz ◽  
Olivia Dan ◽  
Robert R. Lorenz ◽  
Sophie Wimberley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Serum Trough ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Trough Levels ◽  
Group 1

Using a rat model of laryngeal transplantation, we sought to define the relationships between acute laryngeal rejection grade (RG) and cyclosporin A (CSA) concentration and CSA dosage. Five recipient Lewis rat groups (N = 10 per group) were administered intramuscular CSA doses of 1.0 (group 1), 2.5 (group 2), 5.0 (group 3), 7.5 (group 4), and 10 mg/kg per day (group 5) for 14 days. Immediately before sacrifice, 5 mL of whole blood was obtained to assay CSA trough levels by high-performance liquid chromatography. The specimens were graded microscopically by blinded reviewers by day of RG, 0 to 14 days after transplantation, as described in earlier reports. Despite high intragroup variability in CSA levels, significantly different mean CSA concentrations were achieved among all CSA dosage groups: 1,2,3,4, and 5 (.0001 < p < .02). The mean laryngeal RGs did not test significantly different from each other with groups 3, 4, and 5 (RG, 2.3 ± 1.3 versus 1.9 ± 1.1 versus 1.7 ±0.3, respectively, .2 < p < .6). The RG for group 1 was significantly greater than those for groups 2 through 5 (p < .001), and the group 2 RG was greater (p < .02) than those for groups 3, 4, and 5. Polynomial fitting was used to determine the continuous relationship between each individual specimen's CSA concentration and the RG. Significant pathological allograft rejection correlated with CSA concentrations below 250 ng/mL.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Restriction and Supplementation on Cognitive Performances and Mood among Young Adults in Baoding, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3645
Author(s):  
Jianfen Zhang ◽  
Guansheng Ma ◽  
Songming Du ◽  
Shufang Liu ◽  
Na Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Baseline Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Water Supplementation ◽  
Group 1

The brain is approximately 75% water. Therefore, insufficient water intake may affect the cognitive performance of humans. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of water restriction and supplementation on cognitive performances and mood, and the optimum amount of water to alleviate the detrimental effects of dehydration, among young adults. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 76 young, healthy adults aged 18–23 years old from Baoding, China. After fasting overnight for 12 h, at 8:00 a.m. of day 2, the osmolality of the first morning urine and blood, cognitive performance, and mood were measured as a baseline test. After water restriction for 24 h, at 8:00 a.m. of day 3, the same indexes were measured as a dehydration test. Participants were randomly assigned into four groups: water supplementation group (WS group) 1, 2, or 3 (given 1000, 500, or 200 mL purified water), and the no water supplementation group (NW group). Furthermore, participants were instructed to drink all the water within 10 min. Ninety minutes later, the same measurements were performed as a rehydration test. Compared with the baseline test, participants were all in dehydration and their scores on the portrait memory test, vigor, and self-esteem decreased (34 vs. 27, p < 0.001; 11.8 vs. 9.2, p < 0.001; 7.8 vs. 6.4, p < 0.001). Fatigue and TMD (total mood disturbance) increased (3.6 vs. 4.8, p = 0.004; 95.7 vs. 101.8, p < 0.001) in the dehydration test. Significant interactions between time and volume were found in hydration status, fatigue, vigor, TMD, symbol search test, and operation span test (F = 6.302, p = 0.001; F = 3.118, p = 0.029; F = 2.849, p = 0.043; F = 2.859, p = 0.043; F = 3.463, p = 0.021) when comparing the rehydration and dehydration test. Furthermore, the hydration status was better in WS group 1 compared to WS group 2; the fatigue and TMD scores decreased, and the symbol search test and operation span test scores increased, only in WS group 1 and WS group 2 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between them (p > 0.05). Dehydration impaired episodic memory and mood. Water supplementation improved processing speed, working memory, and mood, and 1000 mL was the optimum volume.

scholarly journals Effects of peritoneal lavage with lidocaine on survival of rats with fecal peritonitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Célio Brocco ◽  
Danilo Nagib Salomão Paulo ◽  
João Florêncio de Abreu Baptista ◽  
Thiago Antunes Ferrari ◽  
Thiago Caetano V. de Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Peritoneal Lavage ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Fecal Peritonitis ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Lidocaine Solution ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To study the effects of peritoneal lavage with a 2% lidocaine solution, on the survival of the rats submitted to peritonitis caused by their own feces. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats, weighting between 300g and 330g (mean, 311,45 ±9,67g), were submitted to laparotomy 6 hours following induction of fecal peritonitis. Animals were randomly divided into four groups of 12 each as follows: 1- Control, no therapy; 2- Drying of the abdominal cavity; 3- Peritoneal lavage with saline and drying; 4- Peritoneal lavage with a 2% lidocaine solution and drying. Animals that died were submitted to necropsy and the time of their death recorded; survivors were killed on the post-operation 11th day and necropsied. RESULTS: Death occurred within 52 h in all animals of group 1; within 126 h in 100% of those of group 2; within 50 h in 50% of those of group 3. All animals of group 4 survived. Survival on the 11 th day was higher in groups 3 and 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001), and higher in group 4 than in group 3 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Peritoneal lavage with a 2% lidocaine saline solution without adrenaline, prevented the mortality of all animals with fecal peritonitis .

scholarly journals In vivo Studies of Protein Binding of Ketorolac in Rat Model by UV-VIS Spectrophotometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
SM Rezaul Karim ◽  
Sabiha Ferdowsy Koly ◽  
Md Shah Amran ◽  
Shaila Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In this study, an attempt has been made to determine the protein binding of ketorolac at different time and concentration in rat model. A total of ten rats were used for this study. The rats were subdivided into two groups and 100?g/ml and 200?g/ml of ketorolac were administered through the intra-peritoneal route to rats of group 1 and group 2, respectively. The serum from the rats were collected and analyzed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC. In the UV-VIS Spectrophotometric study, the highest percentage of protein binding for ketorolac was found to be 63.067% in group 1 and 74.63% in group 2. In case of HPLC method, the highest protein binding of ketorolac for group 1 and group 2 were 89.72% and 95.07%, respectively. The observed protein binding percentage of ketorolac by HPLC method was slightly higher than that found in UV-VIS Spectrophotometric method. The result obtained in this study showed that the protein binding of ketorolac changes with the time and drug concentration. The percentage of protein binding was higher for higher drug concentration.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(1): 63-67, 2016 (June)

No Enhancement of Sensory and Motor Blockade by Neostigmine Added to Mepivacaine Axillary Plexus Block 

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herve Bouaziz ◽  
Xavier Paqueron ◽  
Marie Lorraine Bur ◽  
Michel Merle ◽  
Marie Claire Laxenaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Plexus Block ◽  
Group 1

Background Intrathecal neostigmine induces analgesia but also several side effects. Recently, 500 microg neostigmine administered intraarticularly was shown to produce postoperative analgesia without side effects. The authors' goal was to determine whether 500 microg neostigmine added to mepivacaine in axillary plexus block prolongs postoperative analgesia. In addition, they wanted to determine the incidence of side effects in patients undergoing hand surgery. Methods Sixty-nine outpatients scheduled for carpal tunnel syndrome repair with axillary plexus block were randomly assigned to one of three groups that received saline solution in the axillary plexus and subcutaneously (group 1), 500 microg neostigmine in the axillary plexus and saline solution subcutaneously (group 2), or saline solution in the axillary plexus and 500 microg neostigmine subcutaneously (group 3). Sensory and motor block in the four hand nerve distributions were assessed every 5 min for 30 min The duration of the sensory and motor blocks were assessed after operation. Side effects were also recorded. Results Neostigmine had no effect on sensory and motor block in any of the four nerve distributions, nor did it increase the median duration of sensory block (215 min; range, 120-330 min) compared with group 1 (247 min; range, 190-287 min) or group 3 (236 min; range, 160-280 min). Motor block was slightly shorter (P = 0.045) in group 3 (190 min; range, 135-285 min) compared with group 1 (218 min; range, 145257 min) and group 2 (215 min; range, 105-343 min). Gastrointestinal side effects occurred in 30% of patients in both neostigmine groups but not in group 1 (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that 500 microg neostigmine added to mepivacaine in axillary plexus block does not prolong postoperative sensory block, but it does cause a relatively high incidence of side effects. These two findings raise doubts about the use of neostigmine associated with local anesthetics for plexus neural block.

scholarly journals Comparative study between homeopathy and nimesulide on the prevention of bone resorption in experimental periodontitis in rats.

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Thais Marchini Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Centurion ◽  
Mariana Gigliotti ◽  
Tiago Mergulhão ◽  
Vivien Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Light Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Group 1

Periodontitis is a chronic disease characterized by bone loss and inflammatory changes. We studied the effect of a homeopathic agent (Mercúrios Corrosivos 6 CH) and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nimesulide) on the alveolar bone loss progression in experimentally induced periodontitis in rats. Sixty (60) Wistar rats were separated into group 1 (homeopathy), group 2 (nimesulide) and group 3 (saline solution). Silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of the lower right first molar of all rats. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by light microscopic analysis and analyzed using software Image J. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s posttest (p

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