scholarly journals The durability of parts of internal combustion engines under thermal stress loading

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Gennady Dmitrievich Mezhetsky ◽  
Vasily Vasilyevich Chekmarev ◽  
Dmitriy Anatolyevich Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Thermal Fatigue Strength

The paper analyzes the structural material-cast iron for diesel engines, from which the cylinder head covers are made. The main defect of these complex metal-intensive parts are heat-resistant cracks. The analysis of chemical composition of cast irons of various manufacturers is made. As a result of the conducted researches chemical compositions of the pig-irons having the greatest heat-fatigue durability are defined. It is established that to increase their strength and durability in operation, it is necessary to change the percentage of basic chemical elements (C, Si, Mn) in cast iron to use rare earth metals (Y, Ce, La).  Specific recommendations are given on the choice of the chemical composition of cast iron for cylinder heads and covers, providing an increase in their fatigue strength and durability during operation. The best combination of mechanical and thermal fatigue strength was shown by samples containing carbon C-4.0%, silicon Si-2.0%, manganese Mn-0.18%, yttrium Y-0.1%, and copper Cu-0.8% with sulfur s – 0.008% and phosphorus P – 0.1%.

scholarly journals Researches on the Diffusion Phenomena in the Thermo-Chemical Treatment of Oxy-nitrocarburizing of Some Grey Cast Irons

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3367-3371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Mihaela Sicoe
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
White Layer ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Nitrogen Diffusion ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Diffusion Phenomena ◽  
Grey Cast

The thermo-chemical treatment of oxy-nitrocarburizing consists in the enrichment of materials in C, N and O in order to improve the physico-mechanical properties and the use of the materials. This leads to the increase in exploitation life, the increase of wear resistance, galling, corrosion, and slight erosion. The research presented in this article followed the study of the application of this treatment and the results obtained on pearlitic grey cast iron with different chemical compositions, domain in which there are few experimental results published. The results obtained on a number of 10 samples, presented in the article, highlighted the good compatibility of these materials with the thermo-chemical treatment of oxy-nitrocarburizing, obtaining on the surface some white layers which give good anti-corrosive properties, similar to those obtained on steel. There was no correlation between the depth of the white layer and the chemical composition of the studied cast iron. It was also emphasized that the depth of nitrogen diffusion is influenced by the chemical composition of the studied materials which is directly proportional to carbon equivalent (Ceq) of cast iron.

scholarly journals Structure forming and managing of properties of phosphorous cast irons for parts of internal combustion engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
G. Slynko ◽  
V. Slynko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Plastic Properties

Purpose. Improving the mechanical and operational properties of details of internal combustion engines by managing the structure formation of phosphorous cast irons. Research methods. Graphitized and bleached phosphorous cast irons with lamellar and globular graphite of laboratory and industrial melts, melted in electric induction furnaces with alloying modification and fractional casting into dry sand molds were investigated. Chemical composition, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties were determined using standard methods. Non-destructive quality control of engine parts, statistical analysis of experimental data and deterministic factor analysis of the influence of structural components on the properties of the cast irons were carried out according to the methods developed with the participation of the authors. Bench and road motor tests of optimal composition cast irons details were carried out in engines according to standard and factory methods in accordance with state standards. Obtained results. The general laws and principles of the formation of the microstructure of cast irons with lamellar and nodular graphite are determined depending on the degree of their alloying with phosphorus and the influence of the scale factor. It has been established that phosphide eutectic in an amount of up to 5.8 % is a strengthening structural component and increases strength, hardness, wear resistance, heat resistance, and machin-ability of phosphorous cast irons with blade tools. The negative effect of phosphide eutectic on plastic properties and cyclic fracture toughness is less significant than the effect of increasing amounts of ferrite, its grain size and graphite. Optimal chemical compositions and microstructures of phosphorous cast irons for internal combustion engines details are recommended. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive system for managing the properties of phosphorous cast irons has been developed, including the analytical determination of the required characteristics of structural components and the technology for their production. Practical value. Methods and technologies for melting, alloying, modifying, heat treatment and surface hardening of phosphorous cast irons have been developed. They make it possible to provide the required level of mechanical and operational properties of internal combustion engines details.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutrients Drivers on the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC. from Ecuador

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2949
Author(s):  
Juan I. Burneo ◽  
Ángel Benítez ◽  
James Calva ◽  
Pablo Velastegui ◽  
Vladimir Morocho
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
First Time

Chemical compositions of plants are affected by the initial nutrient contents in the soil and climatic conditions; thus, we analyzed for the first time the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on the compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of Siparuna muricata in four different localities in Ecuador. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Enantiomeric distribution by GC/MS was determined, modifying the enantiomeric separation of β-pinene, limonene, δ-elemene, β-bourbonene, cis-cadina-1 (6), 4-diene and atractylone. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The most representative for L1 were guaiol, atractylone and 4-diene; for L2, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene and myrcene; for L3, atractylone, myrcene and germacrene B; and finally, L4 germacrene B, myrcene and cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene. Correlations between soil- leaf chemical elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, N and Si in the different localities were significant with chemical composition of the essential oil of Siparuna muricata; however, correlations between soil and leaf K, P, and Na were not significant. Cluster and NMDS analysis showed high dissimilarity values of secondary metabolites between four localities related with changes in soil- leaf nutrients. Thus, the SIMPER routine revealed that not all secondary metabolites contribute equally to establishing the differences in the four localities, and the largest contributions are due to differences in guaiol, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene, atractylone and germacrene. Our investigation showed for the first time the influences of altitude and soil- leaf chemical elements in the chemical composition of the EOs of S. muricata.

Cavitation erosion and wear behaviour of a boron cast iron cylinder liner under bio-fuel conditions

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (83) ◽  
pp. 79968-79970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufu Xu ◽  
Lulu Yao ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Ka Tang ◽  
Bao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Near Future

The use of renewable bio-fuel in internal combustion engines is the trend for the near future.

ANALYSIS OF KNOWN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лемешева ◽  
E. Lemesheva ◽  
Митин ◽  
S. Mitin ◽  
Кондрико ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Control Computer ◽  
The Cost

The article analyzes the effective methods and techniques of diagnosing gasoline internal combustion engines, highlighted the most promising ones. Of the existing seven modern methods considered: thermal control, computer diagnostics, analysis of the composition and quantity of waste gases, technical endoskopirovanie, gauging the compression, the analysis of chemical elements and vibroacoustic. On the presented methods compiled a comparative table on a number of parameters: the cost of ongoing services, the cost of equipment, the length of the diagnostic information content requirements for personnel. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods considered in the parameters. It concludes that characterize the main directions of development of systems of technical diagnostics of internal combustion engines.

Experimental Investigation of Twist Fatigue Characteristics on Piston Rings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pavithra ◽  
Mahesh Dhakal ◽  
Prithvi Hada ◽  
N. Yuvaraj ◽  
K. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Piston Rings ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Grey Cast ◽  
Fatigue Characteristics

Piston ring is one of the most important parts of the internal combustion engines. This paper investigates the mechanical and twist fatigue characteristics on different piston ring materials. The piston ring materials were chosen in this study such as grey cast irons (3740 and 6140), malleable cast iron (3929), spheroidal graphite cast iron (6139) and martensitic carbidic grey cast iron (6454). Twist fatigue test was conducted on different materials of piston rings in order to identify the suitable piston ring for the effective operation. Geometrical features and the mechanical properties were also assessed in different materials for the effectiveness of piston rings.

Interaction of Al-Si Alloys with SiC/C Ceramic Particles and their Influence on Microstructure of Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Dolata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Liquid Aluminium ◽  
Ceramic Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

Interaction of Al-Si alloys with SiC/C ceramic particles and their influence on microstructure of composites was discussed. This article presents a significant effect of modifying additives introduced into liquid aluminium. As it was shown in the research, Mg and Sr modifiers improve wetting conditions in Al/SiCp+Cp systems, as well as influence the composite’s structure and the structure of the interface between the components. The microstructure observations were performed using light microscopy (OLYMPUS GX 71) and scanning electron microscopy (PHILIPS XL30). Moreover, local analyses of chemical compositions as well as chemical elements mapping were performed using an EDX module for microarea chemical analysis. Based on structural studies, it was found that chemical composition of the aluminium alloy and its modification are equally important parameters.

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