scholarly journals Analysis of Most Important Indices in Environmental Impacts Assessment of Ports

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Saeedi Pash ◽  
Taghi Ebadi ◽  
Amirali Pourahmadi ◽  
Yashar Rahmani Parhizkar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Soil Climate

Ports are the main centers of economic activities and producers of environmental pollutions on the shores and urban areas. Regarding the growth of world trade, transportation of goods through the ports has been undergoing prompt development, possibly experiencing further progress in the upcoming years. In the recent years, the destructive impacts of ports on the environment has been increasing. The type of activities and interactions carried out in the ports have speeded up such destructions. The major sources of pollutions are usually air, noise, water, soil and garbage. The objective of this study is to identify the main and sub-indices in the assessment of environmental impacts of ports (EIAP). To this end, a number of 28 case studies over the world have been analyzed. The indices of the environmental impacts of ports are categorized and evaluated according to four scales: the application and study aspects, the time, the location, as well as the quantity of occurrence of the criteria. Totally 200 main and sub-indices have been identified, within which, the first 10 have been allocated to the pollution of air, noise, water, transportation, traffic, greenhouse gases, garbage, soil, climate change and dredging, since 2000 to 2016. Finally, to better understand the subject, the conceptual framework for EIAP is presented. This study provides with port managers guidance toward identifying significant environmental aspects of ports; it is, at the same time, applicable in order for awareness and prioritization in the environmental management.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND ITS IMPACT ON DYNAMICS OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS, WITH RESPECT TO INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar L.S
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The World ◽  
Present Context

International business is essential for the countries to generate Economic growth or to increase in exports and reduce in imports, it encompasses all commercial and economic activities between the nations to promote the ideas, resources, transfer the goods and services, technologies across the national borders. In every country has limited resources therefore a country cannot produce all the goods and services that it requires. The present context of the world, there is imbalance in production and supply factors due to Covid-19 pandemic, which has resulted in market imbalances (demand and supply). The world economy has been hit hard by the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, as on June end more than ten 10 million people around the globe had been affected by this pandemic, India, USA and others are worst hit countries with decrease in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and increase in unemployment rate. It may be useful to also note that prolonged lockdowns will eventually imply production shortfalls, may lead to increase in unemployment; decrease in demand for products, slowly running out stocks. In recent forecast of World Trade Organisation (WTO) indicated a clear fall in world trade between 13 per cent and 32 per cent in 2020, perhaps the highest fall since the Great Depression of 1930s. India and world can overcome the challenges by specific government fiscal and monetary policies, by providing economic relief packages and increase in employment opportunities by digitalisation in all the sectors of the economy to increase in accountability, convenience, and gross production, and investment, job security to casual labours or migrant workers. These factors may change the world present situation to productive or welfare economy. The purpose of the research paper is to explain Economic and Business crisis, due to covid-19 in present situation in India and the world. KEY WORDS: C0VID-19, GDP, ECONOMY and GLOBAL CRISIS.

Global Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Caney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
World Trade ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Dangerous Climate Change

In recent years, a number of powerful arguments have been given for thinking that there should be suprastate institutions, and that the current ones, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and United Nations Security Council, need to be radically reformed and new ones created. Two distinct kinds of argument have been advanced. One is instrumental and emphasizes the need for effective suprastate political institutions to realize some important substantive ideals (such as preventing dangerous climate change, eradicating poverty, promoting fair trade, and securing peace). The second is procedural and emphasizes the importance of political institutions that include all those subject to their power in as democratic a process as possible, and builds on this to call for democratically accountable international institutions. In this chapter, the author argues that the two approaches need not conflict, and that they can in fact lend support to each other.

The WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and Unilateralism of Special Economic Zones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Shadikhodjaev
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Export Subsidies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Economic Zones

ABSTRACT Many governmental incentives unilaterally offered in special economic zones affect competition in international markets and thus fall within the scope of the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. Until very recently, products made in such zones could face countervailing duty investigations abroad on a charge of improper subsidization. In 2019, the World Trade Organization issued its first ruling focusing on the legality of certain special economic zone subsidies. In particular, the panel in India—Export Related Measures found fiscal preferences under an Indian scheme to be prohibited export subsidies. This article examines the status of special economic zone incentives under the multilateral subsidy regime, discusses the relevant anti-subsidy practice, and identifies ‘risky’ and ‘safe’ types of support measures that constitute unilateralism of zones in promoting economic activities.

Envisaged transfer projects: New technologies in the water sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed Abbasi ◽  
Xiangzhou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The World

<p><strong>Abstracts:</strong> Influenced by global climate change, water shortages and other extreme weather, water scarcity in the world is an alarming sign. This article provides evidences regarding the Tunnel and Tianhe project’s feasibility and their technical, financial, political, socioeconomic and environmental aspects. Such as how to utilize the water vapour in the air and to build a 1000 km long tunnel project to fulfill the goal of solving water shortage in China. The projects are promising to solve the problem of water, food and drought in the country. In addition, the telecoupling framework helps to effectively understand and manage ecosystem services, as well as the different challenges associated with them. Such efforts can help find the ways for proper utilization of water resources and means of regulation.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Sustainability; water shortage; transfer project</p>

scholarly journals Inteligentne rozwiązania w miastach w czasie pandemii - wybrane obszary, funkcje i zastosowania

e-mentor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Dominika P. Brodowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Modern Technologies

Today's cities face many challenges, including those related to the aging of the population, climate change, or broadly understood public safety and health. Examples from many places around the world show that without access to modern technologies, cities, companies, and public institutions could not function, provide services or care for the safety of billions of people living in urban areas. That is especially vital in conditions of the threat to many people's health and life and shutdown of economies caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the article aims to present selected examples of smart solutions used in cities in the face of the challenges related to ensuring security. Their functionality in pandemic conditions is also described both at present and if the state of emergency continued for the following years. The study proved that the importance of smart solutions for contemporary cities' functioning is growing in the face of the threat to the residents' health and life caused by COVID-19. That mainly applies to tools in the area of e-government, e-education, and e-services in the healthcare sector, including applications for reporting and informing about clusters of virus infections.

KARST IN URBAN AREAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
PHILIP VAN BEYNE ◽  
VANDA CLAUDINO-SALES ◽  
SAULO ROBERTO DE OLIVEIRA VITAL ◽  
DIEGO NUNES VALADARES
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Florida ◽  
State University ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

In its third edition, the “William Morris Davis – Journal of Geomorphology” presents its second interview with geographers, to head the “Interviews” section, which opens each published issue. This time, it is the first international interview, carried out with Professor Philip van Beynen, from the University of South Florida, in the United States. Professor Philip van Beynen was interviewed on the topic “Karst in Urban Areas”, and brings important data on the subject, with beautiful illustrations and with examples from all over the world. The interview took place on September 17, 2020, with the participation of Vanda de Claudino-Sales (Professor of the Academic Master in Geography at the State University of Vale do Acarau-UVA) and Saulo Roberto Oliveira Vital (Professor of the Department of Geography and the Post-Graduate Program in Geography at the Federal University of Paraiba - UFPB), and was transcribed by Diego Nunes Valadares, master's student on Geography at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Professor van Beynen was born in New Zealand, where he received his degree in Geography at the University of Auckland. He earned a master's degree from the same university, and a doctorate and post-doctorate from McMaster University, Canada. He has been a professor at the School of Geoscience at the University of South Florida since 2009, where he   has been developing research related to different components of karst environments. The interview shows his great expertise on the subject, and is very much worth to be read and seen even for those who are not specialists in karst.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Sides

Environmental philosophy and philosophy of technology have a lot in common. Both fields explore the positive and negative aspects of human modifications of the world. Both question the limits of technology in relation to natural environments, animals, plants, and food. Both examine if human making and doing is compatible with nature or wholly different from it. And both examine the difference between what is considered to be natural and artificial. Technology and the environment further intersect in a number of issues, such as climate change, sustainability, geo-engineering, and agriculture. The reason for the overlap is fundamental: Environmental issues inevitably involve technology, and technologies inevitably have environmental impacts. Technology and the environment are like two sides of the same coin: Each is fully understood only in relation to the other. Yet, despite the ample overlap of questions concerning technology and the environment, the two philosophical fields have developed in relative isolation from each other. Even when philosophers in each field address themselves to similar concerns, the research tends to be parallel rather than intersecting, and the literatures remain foreign to one another. These divergent paths are unfortunate. Philosophers from each field have a lot to contribute to the other....

Natural Liabilities

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Collier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
The World ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Intense Heat ◽  
Growing Population

Factories produce the goods that we want. They also spew out smoke. The smoky factory is, in fact, the classic image used by economists to illustrate the idea of an externality. The factory sells the goods but does not have to pay for the smoke. We now know that smoke is more damaging than previously appreciated. There is nothing more natural than carbon dioxide; it is one of the basic ingredients of life. Yet carbon has become a natural liability. It accumulates up in the atmosphere, trapping in heat. Of course carbon only becomes a problem when it passes the threshold at which it is excessive. We have passed that threshold. As the extra carbon traps in heat, the world heats up, and as it heats up the climate becomes more volatile. The consequences are wide-ranging, but Africa will be the region most severely affected. Africa is huge and climate change will not affect it uniformly, but it seems likely that the drier parts will become drier still, making staple foods unviable. Increased climate variation, which means droughts, floods, and bouts of intense heat, can wreak havoc with traditional cultivation. Agriculture, which is currently Africa’s main economic activity, will become less productive. A rapidly growing population will be scratching a living from a progressively less amenable natural environment. Carbon brings together the key themes of this book. Although it is natural, extra carbon is now a liability; there is nothing intrinsically benign about nature. It is emitted not just by industry but by a number of natural processes. For example, probably the most natural of all human economic activities is rearing cattle. Pastoralists have been ranging the wilderness for millennia. Unfortunately, in terms of global warming, they are more of a menace than nuclear power stations, which produce energy without emitting carbon. That is because cows fart. Being renewable, carbon shares much of the economics of fish and trees, except that instead of being a renewable natural asset it is a renewable natural liability. The damage it does depends not upon how much is emitted today, but on how much has been emitted cumulatively over recent decades.

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