scholarly journals Index-based Approach to Evaluate City Resilience in Flooding Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
João Barreiro ◽  
Ruth Lopes ◽  
Filipa Ferreira ◽  
José Saldanha Matos
Keyword(s):  
High Tide ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Sustained Responses ◽  
The Eu

Intense rainfall events combined with high tide levels frequently result in urban floods in riverine or coastal cities. Their increasing variability and uncertainty demand urgent but sustained responses. Thus, resilience-driven approaches are emerging in contrast to the traditional technical-economic frameworks, as urban resilience reflects the overall capacity of a city to survive, adapt and thrive when experiencing stresses and shocks. This paper presents a simplified index-based methodology for the evaluation and quantification of urban resilience to flooding, based on the works developed in the EU H2020 RESCCUE project. A set of five indicators are proposed to compute the Integrated Urban Resilience Index (IURI), allowing to classify resilience according to a proposed range of rankings. This methodology considers simultaneously a multisectoral approach, reflecting services interdependences, and a sectorial approach, applying 1D/2D computational modelling of the urban drainage network. It was applied to the study case of Lisbon downtown, involving the analysis of interdependencies between 124 infrastructures of 10 urban services. Two scenarios were considered, respecting the current and future situations, considering climate changes. Results enhance the usefulness, practicability, and potential of the proposed approach, and improvement opportunities were also identified for future developments. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091647 Full Text: PDF

The transition from SEAP to SECAP: energy and climate-adaptive scenarios in urban planning of the coastal areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-117
Author(s):  
Piera Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The Eu

Climate emergency and energy problems push cities towards paths aimed at adaptation and urban resilience. The article presents the experience of Ancona, a pioneer city in climate and energy planning, and the EU Joint_SECAP project as a supra-local methodological response for the Adriatic coastal cities.

scholarly journals Increasing vulnerability to floods in new development areas: evidence from Ho Chi Minh City

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan N. Duy ◽  
Lee Chapman ◽  
Miles Tight ◽  
Phan N. Linh ◽  
Le V. Thuong
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Compact Spaces ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
New Development

Purpose Flooding is an emerging problem in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, and is fast becoming a major barrier to its ongoing development. While flooding is presently of nuisance value, there is a growing concern that a combination of rapid urban expansion and climate changes will significantly exacerbate the problem. There has been a trend of population being rapidly accommodated in new urban areas, which are considered highly vulnerable to floods, while the development strategy by the local government still attracts more property investments into the three new districts on the right side of Saigon River. This paper aims to discuss the increase in the number of residences vulnerable to flooding, to underline the need for more appropriate future spatial development. For the vision, an application of compact and resilient theories to strategic planning and management of this city is proposed to reduce vulnerability. This paper also highlights the need to better understand growing vulnerability to floods related to urban expansion over low-lying former wetlands and the more important role of planning spatial development accompanied with transportation investment which can contribute to flooding resilience. Design/methodology/approach This research uses combined-methods geographical information system (GIS) analysis based on secondary data of flood records, population distributions, property development (with the details of 270 housing projects compiled as part of this research) and flooding simulation. This allows an integrated approach to the theories of urban resilience and compactness to discuss the implication of spatial planning and management in relevance to flooding vulnerability. Findings The flooding situation in HCMC is an evidence of inappropriate urban expansion leading to increase in flooding vulnerability. Although climate change impacts are obvious, the rapid population growth and associated accommodation development are believed to be the key cause which has not been solved. It was found that the three new emerging districts (District 2, 9 and ThuDuc) are highly vulnerable to floods, but the local government still implements the plan for attracted investments in housing without an integrated flooding management. This is also in line with the development pattern of many coastal cities in Southeast Asia, as economic development can be seen as a driving factor. Research limitations/implications The data of property development are diversified from different sources which have been compiled by this research from the basic map of housing investments from a governmental body, the Department of Construction. The number of projects was limited to 270 per over 500 projects, but this still sufficiently supports the evidence of increasing accommodation in new development districts. Practical implications HCMC needs neater strategies for planning and management of spatial development to minimize the areas vulnerable to floods: creating more compact spaces in the central areas (Zone 1) protected by the current flooding management system, and offering more resilient spaces for new development areas (Zone 2), by improving the resilience of transportation system. Nevertheless, a similar combination of compact spaces and resilient spaces in emerging districts could also be incorporated into the existing developments, and sustainable drainage systems or underground water storage in buildings could also be included in the design to compensate for the former wetlands lost. Social implications This paper highlights the need to better understand growing vulnerability to floods related to urban expansion over low-lying former wetlands and emphasizes the more important role of planning spatial development accompanied with transportation investment which can contribute to flooding resilience. Coastal cities in southeast countries need to utilize the former-land, whereas feasibility of new land for urban expansion needs to be thoroughly considered under risk of natural disasters. Originality/value A combination of compact spaces with improved urban resilience is an alternative approach to decrease the flooding risk beyond that of traditional resistant systems and underlines the increasingly important role of urban planning and management to combat the future impacts of floods.

Health tourism and public health: when novelty crosses the added value of multilateralism

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Saboga-Nunes ◽  
A Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Specific Disease ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Near Future ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background Of the EU citizens, 5% get medical treatment in another EU country (MTT), 33% are willing to travel to get MTT and 53% willing to travel for better quality MTT (Statista 2018). In Portugal between 2017 and 2018 almost 1000 patients were treated in another EU country (cost/mean of 10 thousand Euros). Portugal has increase hindrances in disease care at the NHS. The private sector increased its market share (attracting specialists out of the NHS). While waiting lists, as shortness of human resources prevails, have no sign of changing in the near future, European regulations create expectations to receive appropriate timely MTT. To deal with the complexity of the topic a study case based on cataract disease, will be used. As national strategies try to fill precise gaps to answer specific disease conditions, Medical Tourism (MT) demand can be seen as a strategy to decrease inequalities of access? Methods A tracer methodology, looking at cataracts treatment in the population, is used to understand how demand increase can be mitigated with a European answer of MTT. Results Although Portugal has the highest rate of cataract operations in the EU28 (14 operations per thousand inhabitants (2015)) demand is not answered by the NHS, with a wating list of 194 days for the first consultation and about 100 days of waiting lists to get operated (and increasing over recent years). Regional municipalities have tried to overcome this NHS failure by offering its populations treatment vouchers in another countries. Nevertheless, the National Audit Office ruled as illegal such initiatives and moreover, at the NHS, cataract operations are not allowed in another country. Conclusions Although very rare and specific disease conditions have been allowed to be answered by MTT, common and increasingly debilitated conditions, e.g. cataracts, remain inaccessible for citizens in proper and due time while MT stands as an open option.

scholarly journals Measuring Urban Resilience to Climate Change in Three Chinese Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9735
Author(s):  
Mingshun Zhang ◽  
Yaguang Yang ◽  
Huanhuan Li ◽  
Meine Pieter van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Monitoring Progress

Building an urban resilience index results in developing an increasingly popular tool for monitoring progress towards climate-proof cities. This paper develops an urban resilience index in the context of urban China, which helps planners and policy-makers at city level to identify whether urban development is leading to more resilience. The urban resilience index (URI) suggested in this research uses data on 24 indicators distributed over six URI component indices. While no measure of such a complex phenomenon can be perfect, the URI proved to be effective, useful and robust. Our findings show that the URI ensures access to integrated information on urban resilience to climate change. It allows comparisons of cities in a systematic and quantitative way, and enables identification of strong and weak points related to urban resilience. The URI provides tangible measures of not only overall measures of urban resilience to climate change, but also urban resilience components and related indicators. Therefore, it could meet a wide range of policy and research needs. URI is a helpful tool for urban decision-makers and urban planners to quantify goals, measure progress, benchmark performance, and identify priorities for achieving high urban resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals An Assessment Approach to Urban Economic Resilience of the Rust Belt in China

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shan Man ◽  
Xiangli Wu ◽  
Yongchun Yang ◽  
Qingmin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Rust Belt ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Trend Of Development

Urban economic resilience provides a novel perspective on the sustainable development of urban and regional economy. Selecting 37 prefecture-level cities in the Northeast China that also known as the rust belt in China as a regional study sample that has experienced significant economic decline and out-migration in the last 20 years compared to many other regions in China, this study aims to construct an index system using the data collected in 2005, 2010, and 2016. This study evaluates urban economic resilience including five socioeconomic aspects: diversity, capabilities related to revenue and expenditure, innovation environment, trend of development, and openness. We analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urban economic resilience, explore the key factors contributing to urban resilience and then provide decision-making suggestions to enhance it. We find the following: (1) urban economic resilience in the Northeast China has gradually increased over time, but spatial heterogeneity of resilience was prominent. Specifically, coastal cities were more economically resilient than inland cities. (2) Urban economic resilience in the Northeast China is significantly contributed by the diversity of an economic system and the trend of development, which contribute to resilience with weights of 0.214 and 0.216, respectively. The dominant factors contributing to urban economic resilience are different among diverse urban economic types and size. (3) To enhance urban economic resilience, comprehensive economic cities need to focus on increasing the diversity of economic structures. Resource-based and old industrial cities should focus on raising the innovation environment. Coastal cities should focus on increasing the diversity of their economic structures and creating positive trends of economic and social development. Agricultural cities should focus on creating positive trends of economic and social development.

scholarly journals Medium-Term Budgetary Framework in the EU Member States: Study Case

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Camelia Dogaru ◽  
Adelina Dumitrescu Peculea Peculea
Keyword(s):  
Medium Term ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Study Case ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Assessment of Urban Resiliency Concerning Disaster Risk: A Review on Multi- Dimensional Approaches

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Tusar Kanti Roy ◽  
Sharmin Siddika ◽  
Mizbah Ahmed Sresto
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Resilience Indicators ◽  
New Research ◽  
Hierarchy Process

There have been a number of new research published with different methodologies and frameworks in recent years, aimed at improving city resilience to a variety of man-made and natural calamities. As climate change progresses, resilience will become a more important topic in scientific and policy circles that influence future urban development. This review article first provides the definition of resilience. Then it represents some of the adopted methodologies in an extensive way. Approaches including Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC), Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI), Disaster resilience index based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Composite indicator based approach, Hyogo Framework and so on. This section discusses about urban resiliency assessments to mitigate vulnerability, offer a set of principles and indicators for creating an urban resilience assessment tool. Findings of this study not only address a variety of qualitative and quantitative aspects of urban resilience but also describes about different indicators such as environmental resources, socio-economic and built environment, infrastructure, governance and institutional indicators. Journal of Engineering Science 12(3), 2021, 111-125

scholarly journals Multi-dimensions urban resilience index for sustainable city

2019 ◽  
Vol 399 ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
L Narieswari ◽  
S R P Sitorus ◽  
H Hardjomidjojo ◽  
E I K Putri
Keyword(s):  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Resilience Index

scholarly journals The Downscaling Study for Typhoon-Induced Coastal Inundation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmin Jang ◽  
Wonkyun Joo ◽  
Chang-Hoo Jeong ◽  
Wonsu Kim ◽  
Sung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Storm Tide ◽  
Coastal Inundation ◽  
Irregular Wave ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The Impact

Typhoons can often cause inundation in lower coastal cities by inducing strong surges and waves. Being affected by typhoon annually, the coastal cities in South Korea are very vulnerable to typhoons. In 2016, a typhoon ‘CHABA’, with a maximum 10 min sustained wind speed of about 50 m/s and a minimum central pressure of 905 hPa, hit South Korea, suffering tremendous damage. In particular, ‘CHABA’-induced coastal inundation resulted in serious damage to the coastal area of Busan where a lot of high-rise buildings and residential areas are concentrated, and was caused by the combined effect of tide, surge, and wave. The typhoon-induced surge raised sea levels during high tide, and the strong wave with a long period of more than 10 s eventually led to the coastal inundation at the same time. The present research focuses a numerical downscaling considering the effects of tide, surge and wave for coastal inundation induced by Typhoon ‘CHABA’. This downscaling approach applied several numerical models, which are the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) for typhoon simulation, the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) for tide and surge simulation, and the Simulating WAve Nearshore (SWAN) for wave simulation. In a domain covering the Korean Peninsula, typhoon-induced surges and waves were simulated applying the results simulated by WRF as meteorological conditions. In the downscaled domain ranged near the coastal area of Busan, the coastal inundation was simulated blending a storm tide height and an irregular wave height obtained from the domain, in which each height has 1 s interval. The irregular wave height was calculated using the significant wave height and peak period. Through this downscaling study, the impact of storm tide and wave on coastal inundation was estimated.

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