‘I Fight Anyone Who Doesn’t Act as a Communist Should...’ Letter of F. A. Zemit to N.N. Krestinsky on Financial Work in Siberia. January 5, 1920.

2018 ◽  
pp. 1137-1148
Author(s):  
Dmitrii I. Petin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Study ◽  
The One ◽  
Major Impediment

The article offers a source study of the letter of the head of the Financial Department at the Siberian Revolutionary Committee F. A. Zemit to the People's Commissar of Finance of the RSFSR N. N. Krestinsky. Its text analysis clears up the issue of creation of Soviet regional governing bodies in the financial–economical sphere in Siberia at the final stage of the Civil War. The published source allows to outline major impediment to restoration of the Soviet finance system in Siberia after the Civil War: shortage of financial workers, their low professional qualifications, lack of regulatory documentation for organizing activities, etc. Key methods used in the study are biographical and problematic/chronological. Biographical method allows to interpret the document and to link it with professional activities of F. A. Zemit in Omsk. The problematic/chronological method allows to trace the developments in regional finance and to understand their causes by placing them into historical framework. The letter was written by F. A. Zemit in early January 1920 – at a most difficult time in his career in Siberia. The author considers this ego-document unique and revealing in its way. On the one hand, it is an official appeal of an inferior financial manager to the head of the People's Commissariat of Finance; its content is practical and no-nonsense. On the other hand, its style indicates a warm friendly and trusting relationship between the sender and the addressee; F. A. Zemit was, apparently, able to report personally to the People's Commissar of Finance of the RSFSR on the difficult situation in the region and to do so with great frankness. This publication may be of interest to scholars in history of Russian finance, Russia Civil War, Soviet society, and Siberia of the period.

scholarly journals The history of the Revolution and Civil War in Kamchatka in the archival funds of the Kamchatka Krai State Archive: a source-study review

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Natalya Kamardina ◽  
Valentina Ilina
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Far East ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Study ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The Given ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Revolution

This article is devoted to the problems of collection and classification of the historical sources regarding the history of the Great Russian Revolution of 1917. The authors concentrated on the opportunities of using different sources kept at the archives of the Far East (Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy) in order to comprehensively review the events which took place in Kamchatka in 1917-1922. The idea of considering a written historical source as a subjectified reflection of the past, which is the only bearer of the historical truth, lays the foundation for analyzing the source-study basis of the problem. The given research helps to outline general directions of work aimed at studying the history of the Kamchatka krai shortly before the Revolution and in the years of the Revolution and Civil War and also to determine further development of the designated issues.

Under the Sign of Mars: Violence in European Civil Wars, 1917–1949

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-506
Author(s):  
JAVIER RODRIGO
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
The World ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
The One

This article explores the comparative history of violence in European civil wars from 1917 to 1949, beginning with the war in Russia and ending with the one in Greece. Its main goal is to prepare a framework for a transnational comparative debate on the category of ‘civil war’ and its historical and analytical elements in order to better understand why internal conflicts are universally assumed to be particularly violent and cruel. Responding to the need for an inclusive approach in determining the nature of civil war, I discuss the theory of violence in connection with civil wars and conclude that if civil wars are, and are perceived as, especially violent, this is due to many and multidirectional elements, including the importance of symbolic conflicts, the juxtaposition of different conflicts within any civil struggle and, in the case of Europe between the world wars, the presence of radicalising elements such as fascism.

Revolutionary War and Absolute Enemy

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-142
Author(s):  
Peter Uwe Hohendahl
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Third World ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
Irregular Warfare ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
European Colonialism

The fourth chapter refers to a historical situation defined by Schmitt as the stage of global civil war. It examines Schmitt’s understanding of the history of irregular warfare, especially of the conflicts that spread after World War II in response to liberation movements and social revolutions in third-world countries. The reading stresses the conflicted sympathies of Schmitt’s theoretical intervention: his defence of late European colonialism on the one hand and his empathy for the logic of revolutionary wars, resulting in the figure of the absolute enemy. In this context the theological horizon of civil war is addressed as well.

scholarly journals The Revolution and Civil War in Russia in Canadian historiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Sergey Viktorovich Bandilet
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

This paper is devoted to perception of the February Revolution, the October revolution and the Civil War in Russia in Canadian historiography. The paper considers, firstly, works of historians - Canadian citizens, secondly, works of scientists from other countries who have worked in Canada for a long time and, thirdly, works of foreigners, who published in Canadian scientific journals. All of the above works can be divided into three groups. Firstly, these are fundamental works on the history of the Russian Revolution and Civil War. Secondly, these are works devoted to foreign intervention in Russia and Canadian participation of Canada in this intervention. Thirdly, these are works relating to other particular aspects of this subject. The authors of all considered works refer to the February Revolution as an important step for democracy in Russia. Canadian historiography mainly condemns the October Revolution and criticizes Bolsheviks for authoritarianism and radicalism. The attitude of Canadian scientists to the White Guards is ambiguous. On the one hand, there is a certain sympathy for the Whites as allies of the Entente (and Canada). But on the other hand, the Whites are condemned for their ill-conceived domestic policies and for inability to reach a compromise with each other. The Canadian historiography of the 1917-1922 events in Russia is now practically unexplored, and therefore it is of scientific interest.

Anti-Bolshevik Omsk in 1919: A Source Study Analysis of the French Intervention Newsreels

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Petin ◽  
◽  
Maksim M. Stelmak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
French Military ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Study

After the opening in 2012 basis of a Center for Studying History of the Civil War at the premises of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, a newsreel, shot in April–May 1919 by French military journalists became well-known to scientific and cultural community. And yet despite great popularity of this unique and ‘live’ historical source among filmmakers and journalists, it remains unstudied by researchers. The article aims to fill the lacuna in order to introduce the French newsreel of the anti–Bolshevik Omsk into scientific use. For this purpose, the authors have carried out an attribution and a historical analysis of the film document. The study incorporates scientific publications and an array of historical sources (including photo documents), which the authors have found in the fonds of archives and libraries. The resulting study follows the footage and identifies buildings and places on the film. It also provides a detailed description of what the buildings housed in 1919, when Admiral Kolchak was in power, and what they house now. It points out the well-known personalities of anti-Bolshevik Omsk (A.V. Kolchak, M. Zhanen, A.I. Dutov). Attribution of the French newsreels depicting Omsk in 1919 allows to reconstruct daily life of a provincial town, which had been for a time the capital of anti-Bolshevik Russia. The chronicle features official aspect of White Omsk, but also some particulars of town life and Omsk urbanism of a hundred years ago, which are of great value for historians. It is noteworthy that visual sources on the Civil War are little used by researchers. The fact enhances the significance of the publication, which may be of interest to military historians studying the Civil War and foreign military intervention, scholars in the history of Siberia, source studies, and history of everyday life.

scholarly journals Paradigm of Unity as a Prospect for Research and Treatment in Psychology

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 207-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Biela
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Copernican Revolution ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The One

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show the methodological power and potentiality of the concept paradigm of unity introduced originally in the ceremony on the occasion of honoring Chiara Lubich with the doctor honoris causa title by the Catholic University of Lublin in 1996. Originally this conception was used to suggest the societal activity of Chiara Lubich in building, via the Focolari movement, psychosocial infrastructures for unity in various social domains, (for example in the economy of communion, in politics (politicians for unity project), in public media (journalists for unity), in ecumenism and inter-religious contacts (ecumenical and inter-religion Focolari Centers) This conception is a kind of a great inspiration (a kind of Copernican revolution in the social sciences) which would motivate the social sciences to build their own research paradigm of a type of mental and methodological power and potentiality which could give a new vision of social world (as Copernicus did in natural sciences (Biela, 1996, 2006)). Thomas Kuhn (1962) regarded the Copernician revolution as the one which, in the history of science, best illustrates the nature of scientific revolution. The essence of paradigm in a Kuhnian sense is a mentality change in its nature. Copernicus had to change the well-established geocentric system which functioned not only in the science of his day but also in culture, tradition, social perception, and even in the mentality of religious and political authorities. And he did it in a well prepared empirical, methodological and psychological way. In a similar way Chiara Lubich created by her social acting a revolutionary inspiration for building paradigm in social science She decided in an extremely difficult and risky situation in 1944 in Trento not only to escape from her own life emergency but she with her friends made a decision to help other people who were in a much more difficult situation to survive. She decided to take a war bombing risk to be with lost children and older people who were in need. It was a practical building of the unity with the real people who were in need. This kind of experience rediscovered the community as a model for the real life and made a concretization and clarification of the charisma of the unity. However, the development of this charisma shows that it is simply a concrete and practical actualization of the new vision of social, economic, political and religious relationships which advises, recommends, suggests, and promotes the unity with others persons (Lubich, 2007).

scholarly journals Personnel Composition of the Omsk Regional Finance Department: Source Studies Analysis and Statistics (August 1927)

2020 ◽  
pp. 380-392
Author(s):  
Dmitrii I. Petin ◽  
◽  
Maxim M. Stelmak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Economic ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Finance Department

The article presents an analytical study of the report of the Omsk District Financial Department that contains detailed information on its personnel. The document has been found by the authors in the fonds of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region. The article is to conduct information survey of social structure, gender, age, educational level, professional qualifications, party affiliation of Soviet financial employers in the 1920s and their participation in the social and political life on the example of the Omsk region. The article discusses factors that could have affected the above mentioned quality characteristics of the Omsk District Finance Department employees. The document has been critically analyzed for accuracy of its data. The proposed interdisciplinary research combines anthropological approach, principle of consistency, statistical and comparative historical methods. This perspective allows us to identify a number of important socio-demographic characteristics of Soviet society in the first post-Revolution and post-Civil-War decade on the example of a large regional government. This publication may be useful (regarding the results of statistical generalizations) in scientific research on the socio-political, financial, economic, military history of the Soviet society; some facts may be of use in gender, historical, biographical, and genealogical research, as well as in studying the history of Soviet provincial daily life of the second half of the 1920s. The analysis of this source with its the high scientific potential has allowed the authors to come to the conclusion about continuity of the early Soviet society and the pre-revolutionary society, about loyal political atmosphere in the institutions employing skilled labor, where representatives of the “ex-” category could find and realize themselves as Soviet employees.

The Regime (Politeia) in Thucydides

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Mixed Regime ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

This chapter discusses the importance of domestic politics generally and the regime in particular in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War. It examines Thucydides’ presentation of the rule of the one (kingship or tyranny), the few (oligarchy), and the many (democracy), and concludes by suggesting that there are three principles of political rule that Thucydides himself endorses: the rule of the wise, the rule of law, and a mixed regime, with reference to his praise of the regime of the Five Thousand at Athens in the eighth book. Throughout the History, the matter of the regime is explored in relation to the broader phenomenon of war, in which avoiding civil war proves of paramount importance. The difference between Thucydides and the later Socratics, for whom the question of the regime is of central importance, revolves around the question of the primacy of war or peace.

scholarly journals Cultivar bajo las bombas: La agricultura urbana y periurbana en Barcelona durante la Guerra Civil, 1936-1939

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-171
Author(s):  
Marta Camps Calvet ◽  
Santiago Gorostiza ◽  
David Saurí Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
War Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Urban agriculture is key when food security is threatened, as in the cases of wars, which disrupt food production, conservation, transportation, and distribution systems. During the two World Wars of the 20th century, governments mobilized civilians to participate in food production and to increase morale by contributing to the war effort from the rearguard. Unlike these cases, food production in Spanish cities during the civil war of 1936-1939 has received little attention. Using documentation from different public and private archives, press clips, and personal testimonies, this article explores the socio-environmental history of agricultural production in Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War. On the one hand, we analysed the collectivization of agriculture in the municipality of Barcelona, carried out by the Colectividad Agrícola de Barcelona y su Radio (CNT), involving at its peak some 3,500 workers managing 850 hectares of crops. On the other hand, this Collective coexisted with an expansion of home gardens for self-consumption in the city as food supplies became scarcer. Both initiatives contributed to maintaining a precarious food supply until the occupation of the city by Franco's troops in January 1939.

scholarly journals Pengertian Seni sebagai Pengantar Kuliah Sejarah Seni Rupa

Humaniora ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
John Felix
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Art History ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Design Students ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Or History

Until these days, for most people art is something that is abstract, hard to understand, and beyond their capability to understand. Every people asked about art will have their own opinion or definition about art, and these definitions are various to each other. For the student who is in the middle of class or course especialy the one that is related to art, the unpleasent impact of not knowing what is the meaning of art will be experienced in every class, especially in the History of Western Art, History of Indonesian Art or History of Graphic Design. Students who don’t understand the meaning of art will have difficult time to absorb what exactly the purpose of art is, why human made art, which item is art and which item is not art. This writing tries to explain the definition of art from several diffrent angles of view. The goal of the writing is to make the students who are in the middle of learning anything relating to art, first have an understanding about what art is. For the lecturer, this writing will give them something to make their work easy on lecturing about anything relating to art because the student has already understood about what art is.   

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