Atmospheric dispersed sedimentary matter over the Barents sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
V.P. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
L.P. Golobokova ◽  
S.M. Sakerin ◽  
A.P. Lisitzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Upper Continental Crust

The concentration and composition of aerosols in the atmosphere over the Barents Sea were studied. Earlier, the contribution of aerosols to the formation of the Arctic environment was underestimated. Our data indicated a noticeable effect of continental aerosol on the atmosphere of the Barents Sea. The relationship of the black carbon concentration and the type of air masses has been established. Its concentration increases hundreds of times in the atmosphere of the sea when continental air is removed. The ionic composition and the content of chemical elements in the insoluble fraction of aerosols of the air over the Barents Sea were studied. The content of most chemical elements (Na, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Fe, Co, Rb, Zr, Cs, Ba, REE, Hf, Ta, Th, U) in the insoluble fraction of aerosols was below the average values for the upper continental crust. The content of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Ag, Sb, Au, Pb is significantly higher than their average for the upper continental crust, due to the influence of the anthroposphere. Probable sources of anthropogenic pollution of aerosols in the Arctic are discussed.

scholarly journals Radioecological and geochemical peculiarities of cryoconite on Novaya Zemlya glaciers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Miroshnikov ◽  
Mikhail Flint ◽  
Enver Asadulin ◽  
Ramiz Aliev ◽  
Andrei Shiryaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Radionuclides ◽  
Novaya Zemlya Archipelago ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Upper Continental Crust

AbstractIn recent years, cryoconite has received growing attention from a radioecological point of view, since several studies have shown that this material is extremely efficient in accumulating natural and anthropogenic radionuclides. The Novaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russian Arctic) hosts the second largest glacial system in the Arctic. From 1957 to 1962, numerous atmospheric nuclear explosions were conducted at Novaya Zemlya, but to date, very little is known about the radioecology of its ice cap. Analysis of radionuclides and other chemical elements in cryoconite holes on Nalli Glacier reveals the presence of two main zones at different altitudes that present different radiological features. The first zone is 130–210 m above sea level (a.s.l.), has low radioactivity, high concentrations of lithophile elements and a chalcophile content close to that of upper continental crust clarkes. The second zone (220–370 m a.s.l.) is characterized by high activity levels of radionuclides and “inversion” of geochemical behaviour with lower concentrations of lithophiles and higher chalcophiles. In the upper part of this zone (350–370 m a.s.l.), 137Cs activity reaches the record levels for Arctic cryoconite (5700–8100 Bq/kg). High levels of Sn, Sb, Bi and Ag, significantly exceeding those of upper continental crust clarkes, also appear here. We suggest that a buried layer of contaminated ice that formed during atmospheric nuclear tests serves as a local secondary source of radionuclide contamination. Its melting is responsible for the formation of this zone.

scholarly journals Ice Properties in the Greenland and Barents Seas During Summer

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (101) ◽  
pp. 142-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Overgaard ◽  
Peter Wadhams ◽  
Matti Leppäranta
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Brine Volume ◽  
European Arctic ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The analysis of sea-ice cores from three summer field operations to the European Arctic is reported, and the ice properties are related to general conditions of ice distribution, thickness, and ridging in the experimental areas. The operations were in 1978 and 1979 to the Kong Oscars Fjord area of East Greenland (about lat. 72° N.) and in 1980 to the Barents Sea, Fram Strait, and the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard and Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa on the Swedish Ymer-80 expedition. Salinity profiles show the effect on multi-year floes of a year’s additional confinement in a fjord, the effect of a month’s desalination (July to August) on first-year and multi-year ice, and the difference between first-year and multi-year ice at the end of the melt season. The average salinity as a function of ice thickness agrees reasonably well with the results of Cox and Weeks (1974). Temperature, density, pH, and ionic composition results are also reported, and the effect of brine volume on dielectric constant discussed.

scholarly journals Ice Properties in the Greenland and Barents Seas During Summer

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (101) ◽  
pp. 142-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Overgaard ◽  
Peter Wadhams ◽  
Matti Leppäranta
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Brine Volume ◽  
European Arctic ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe analysis of sea-ice cores from three summer field operations to the European Arctic is reported, and the ice properties are related to general conditions of ice distribution, thickness, and ridging in the experimental areas. The operations were in 1978 and 1979 to the Kong Oscars Fjord area of East Greenland (about lat. 72° N.) and in 1980 to the Barents Sea, Fram Strait, and the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard and Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa on the Swedish Ymer-80 expedition. Salinity profiles show the effect on multi-year floes of a year’s additional confinement in a fjord, the effect of a month’s desalination (July to August) on first-year and multi-year ice, and the difference between first-year and multi-year ice at the end of the melt season. The average salinity as a function of ice thickness agrees reasonably well with the results of Cox and Weeks (1974). Temperature, density, pH, and ionic composition results are also reported, and the effect of brine volume on dielectric constant discussed.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and East Atlantic

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Evgeny Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Ekaterina Stratanenko ◽  
Natalia Zhuravleva ◽  
Natalia Strelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Barents Sea

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions of the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Ophiurasarsii is among the dominant echinoderms in the Barents Sea. We studied the genetic diversity of O.sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. Ophiurasarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, and other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of O.sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started in the Bølling–Allerød interstadial during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

Arctic Freshwater in CMIP6: Declining Sea Ice, Increasing Ocean Storage and Export

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Zanowski ◽  
Alexandra Jahn ◽  
Marika Holland
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Freshwater Flux ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Late 21St Century ◽  
Freshwater Export

<p>Recently, the Arctic has undergone substantial changes in sea ice cover and the hydrologic cycle, both of which strongly impact the freshwater storage in, and export from, the Arctic Ocean. Here we analyze Arctic freshwater storage and fluxes in 7 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) and assess their agreement over the historical period (1980-2000) and in two future emissions scenarios, SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5. In the historical simulation, few models agree closely with observations over 1980-2000. In both future scenarios the models show an increase in liquid (ocean) freshwater storage in conjunction with a reduction in solid storage and fluxes through the major Arctic gateways (Bering Strait, Fram Strait, Davis Strait, and the Barents Sea Opening) that is typically larger for SSP5-8.5 than SSP1-2.6. The liquid fluxes through the gateways exhibit a more complex pattern, with models exhibiting a change in sign of the freshwater flux through the Barents Sea Opening and little change in the flux through the Bering Strait in addition to increased export from the remaining straits by the end of the 21st century. A decomposition of the liquid fluxes into their salinity and volume contributions shows that the Barents Sea flux changes are driven by salinity changes, while the Bering Strait flux changes are driven by compensating salinity and volume changes. In the straits west of Greenland (Nares, Barrow, and Davis straits), the models disagree on whether there will be a decrease, increase, or steady liquid freshwater export in the early to mid 21st century, although they mostly show increased liquid freshwater export in the late 21st century. The underlying cause of this is a difference in the magnitude and timing of a simulated decrease in the volume flux through these straits. Although the models broadly agree on the sign of late 21st century storage and flux changes, substantial differences exist between the magnitude of these changes and the models’ Arctic mean states, which shows no fundamental improvement in the models compared to CMIP5.</p>

scholarly journals Suitable habitats of fish species in the Barents Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bérengère Husson ◽  
Gregoire Certain ◽  
Anatoly Filin ◽  
Benjamin Planque
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Suitable Habitats

AbstractMany marine species are shifting their distribution poleward in response to climate change. The Barents Sea, as a doorstep to the fast-warming Arctic, is experiencing large scale changes in its environment and its communities. This paper aims at understanding what environmental predictors limit fish species habitats in the Barents Sea and discuss their possible evolution in response to the warming of the Arctic.Species distribution models usually aim at predicting the probability of presence or the average abundance of a species, conditional on environmental drivers. A complementary approach is to determine suitable habitats by modelling the upper limit of a species’ response to environmental factors. Using quantile regressions, we model the upper limit of biomass for 33 fish species in the Barents Sea in response to 10 environmental predictors. Boreal species are mainly limited by temperatures and most of them are expected to be able to expand their distribution in the Barents Sea when new thermally suitable habitats become available, in the limit of bathymetric constraints. Artic species are often limited by several predictors, mainly depth, bottom and surface temperature and ice cover, and future habitats are hard to predict qualitatively. Widespread species like the Atlantic cod are not strongly limited by the selected variables at the scale of the study, and current and future suitable habitats are harder to predict. These models can be used as input to integrative tools like end-to-end models on the habitat preference and tolerance at the species scale to inform resource management and conservation.

scholarly journals Assessment of initial seismic impacts on the northern part of the Barents Sea shelf (Novaya Zemlya region) for the purpose of seismic microzoning in the areas of prospective hydrocarbon mining

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
I. G. Mindel ◽  
B. A. Trifonov ◽  
M. D. Kaurkin ◽  
V. V. Nesynov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Arctic Shelf ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Seismic Microzoning ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
National Task ◽  
Seismic Impacts

In recent years, in connection with the national task of developing the Arctic territories of Russia and the perspective increase in the hydrocarbon mining on the Arctic shelf, more attention is being paid to the study of seismicity in the Barents Sea shelf. The development of the Russian Arctic shelf with the prospect of increasing hydrocarbon mining is a strategically important issue. Research by B.A. Assinovskaya (1990, 1994) and Ya.V. Konechnaya (2015) allowed the authors to estimate the seismic effects for the northern part of the Barents Sea shelf (Novaya Zemlya region). The paper presents the assessment results of the initial seismic impacts that can be used to solve seismic microzoning problems in the areas of oil and gas infrastructure during the economic development of the Arctic territory.

scholarly journals New species of Scolelepis (Polychaeta, Spionidae) from the Norwegian coast and Barents Sea with a brief review of the genus

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Sikorski ◽  
Lyudmila Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Norwegian Coast ◽  
The Barents Sea

<p>The species <em>Scolelepis finmarchicus</em> sp. nov. is described from the Norwegian and Barents Seas along the northern Norwegian coast and Kola peninsula. The occurrence of this species in the Kola Bay could be seen as a sign of climate warming in the area. Taxonomic issues existing in the genus <em>Scolelepis</em> within the area along the Norwegian coast and in the Barents Sea are briefly touched upon. Seven species belonging to <em>Scolelepis</em> have recently been recorded from the Atlantic sector of the Arctic. <em>Scolelepis</em> (<em>S</em>.) <em>matsugae</em> Sikorski, 1994 is newly synonymized with <em>S</em>. (<em>S</em>.) <em>laonicola</em> (Tzetlin, 1985). This article provides a brief review of <em>Scolelepis</em> together with an identification key for the genus from the Atlantic sector of the Arctic</p>

scholarly journals Virio- and bacterioplankton of the Barents Sea in the autumn

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-2021) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
M.P. Venger ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Cell Volumes

In the autumn period 2011, 2015 in the waters of the Barents Sea, the communities of viruses and bacteria were studied, their quantitative composition was determined, and the nature of their distribution was studied. It was shown that the distribution of both virio- and bacterioplankton had pronounced zoning presumably due to increased concentrations of organic matter in more productive coastal and Atlantic waters compared to the Arctic. In September 2011, the number of viruses varied from 0.6 to 46.7 million particles/ml, exceeding the abundance of bacteria by 5 times an average. The quantity of bacterioplankton varied within 0.3–2.9 million cells/ml, biomass – 4.1–35.1 mg C/m3, with a range of mean cell volumes of 0.030–0.115 μm3. In November–December 2015, the abundance of viruses was 0.3–6.4 million particles/ml and quantitatively exceeded their bacterial hosts by 18 times an average. The quantity and biomass of bacteria varied within 0.02–0.3 million cells/ml and 0.3–2.7 mg C/m3, with a range of mean cell volumes of 0.013–0.068 μm3. It was found that the level of development of virio- and bacterioplankton significantly decreased by the late autumn period.

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