scholarly journals A Novel Approach Toward Designing a Non-DHT Based Structured P2P Network Architecture

10.29007/6tm7 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Roy ◽  
Bidyut Gupta ◽  
Banafsheh Rekabdar ◽  
Henry Hexmoor
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Residue Class ◽  
Modular Arithmetic ◽  
P2p Network ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Communication Needs

In this paper, we have applied modular arithmetic, specifically residue class (RC), to design a non-DHT-based structured P2P network. It is an interest based tree architecture. It is known as pyramid tree. A node i in this tree represents a group of peers that are interested in a particular resource of type i. It is not a conventional tree. In the present work, such a P2P architecture has been the choice because in a complete pyramid tree, multiple paths exist between most of its nodes. Such a structural characteristic can be helpful from the viewpoints of designing load balanced as well as robust communication protocols. Besides, search latency for its inter- group data lookup algorithm is bounded by the tree diameter and is independent of the number of the distinct resource types as well as the total number of peers present in the system. In addition, any intra-group data look up communication needs only one overlay hop.

scholarly journals Two Sides of the Coin: Mast Cells as a Key Regulator of Allergy and Acute/Chronic Inflammation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Zhongwei Zhang ◽  
Yosuke Kurashima
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Type I ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Damage Associated Molecular Patterns ◽  
Two Sides

It is well known that mast cells (MCs) initiate type I allergic reactions and inflammation in a quick response to the various stimulants, including—but not limited to—allergens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). MCs highly express receptors of these ligands and proteases (e.g., tryptase, chymase) and cytokines (TNF), and other granular components (e.g., histamine and serotonin) and aggravate the allergic reaction and inflammation. On the other hand, accumulated evidence has revealed that MCs also possess immune-regulatory functions, suppressing chronic inflammation and allergic reactions on some occasions. IL-2 and IL-10 released from MCs inhibit excessive immune responses. Recently, it has been revealed that allergen immunotherapy modulates the function of MCs from their allergic function to their regulatory function to suppress allergic reactions. This evidence suggests the possibility that manipulation of MCs functions will result in a novel approach to the treatment of various MCs-mediated diseases.

scholarly journals Gas Detection and Identification Using Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Based Sensor Fusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Parag Narkhede ◽  
Rahee Walambe ◽  
Shruti Mandaokar ◽  
Pulkit Chandel ◽  
Ketan Kotecha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Fusion ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Single Sensor

With the rapid industrialization and technological advancements, innovative engineering technologies which are cost effective, faster and easier to implement are essential. One such area of concern is the rising number of accidents happening due to gas leaks at coal mines, chemical industries, home appliances etc. In this paper we propose a novel approach to detect and identify the gaseous emissions using the multimodal AI fusion techniques. Most of the gases and their fumes are colorless, odorless, and tasteless, thereby challenging our normal human senses. Sensing based on a single sensor may not be accurate, and sensor fusion is essential for robust and reliable detection in several real-world applications. We manually collected 6400 gas samples (1600 samples per class for four classes) using two specific sensors: the 7-semiconductor gas sensors array, and a thermal camera. The early fusion method of multimodal AI, is applied The network architecture consists of a feature extraction module for individual modality, which is then fused using a merged layer followed by a dense layer, which provides a single output for identifying the gas. We obtained the testing accuracy of 96% (for fused model) as opposed to individual model accuracies of 82% (based on Gas Sensor data using LSTM) and 93% (based on thermal images data using CNN model). Results demonstrate that the fusion of multiple sensors and modalities outperforms the outcome of a single sensor.

Deployment of a Wireless Mesh Network for Traffic Control

2012 ◽  
pp. 290-310
Author(s):  
Kun-chan Lan ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Mahbub Hassan ◽  
Tim Moors ◽  
Rodney Berriman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Communication Needs

Wireless mesh networks (WMN) have attracted considerable interest in recent years as a convenient, new technology. However, the suitability of WMN for mission-critical infrastructure applications remains by and large unknown, as protocols typically employed in WMN are, for the most part, not designed for real-time communications. In this chapter, the authors describe a wireless mesh network architecture to solve the communication needs of the traffic control system in Sydney. This system, known as SCATS and used in over 100 cities around the world — from individual traffic light controllers to regional computers and the central TMC —places stringent requirements on the reliability and latency of the data exchanges. The authors discuss experience in the deployment of an initial testbed consisting of 7 mesh nodes placed at intersections with traffic lights, and share the results and insights learned from measurements and initial trials in the process.

Analyzing Group Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
Charles Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Incorrect Decision ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Statistical Process Control Charts

This chapter covers tests of statistical significance that can be used to compare data across phases. These are used to determine whether observed outcomes are likely the result of an intervention or, more likely, the result of chance. The purpose of a statistical test is to determine how likely it is that the analyst is making an incorrect decision by rejecting the null hypothesis and accepting the alternative one. A number of tests of significance are presented in this chapter: statistical process control charts (SPCs), proportion/frequency, chi-square, the conservative dual criteria (CDC), robust conservative dual criteria (RCDC), the t test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). How and when to use each of these are also discussed. The method for transforming autocorrelated data and merging data sets is discussed. Once new data sets are created using the Append() function, they can be tested for Type I error using the techniques discussed in the chapter.

Using Wireless Mesh Network for Traffic Control

2010 ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Chan Lan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Communication Needs

Wireless mesh networks (WMN) have attracted considerable interest in recent years as a convenient, flexible and low-cost alternative to wired communication infrastructures in many contexts. However, the great majority of research on metropolitan-scale WMN has been centered around maximization of available bandwidth, suitable for non-real-time applications such as Internet access for the general public. On the other hand, the suitability of WMN for missioncritical infrastructure applications remains by and large unknown, as protocols typically employed in WMN are, for the most part, not designed for realtime communications. In this chapter, we describe a real-world testbed, which sets a goal of designing a wireless mesh network architecture to solve the communication needs of the traffic control system in Sydney, Australia. This system, known as SCATS (Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System) and used in over 100 cities around the world, connects a hierarchy of several thousand devices -- from individual traffic light controllers to regional computers and the central Traffic Management Centre (TMC) - and places stringent requirements on the reliability and latency of the data exchanges. We discuss some issues in the deployment of this testbed consisting of 7 mesh nodes placed at intersections with traffic lights, and show some results from the testbed measurements.

An Analytical Approach for DG Placement in Reconfigured Distribution Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Nawaz ◽  
Ajay Bansal ◽  
M. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Type I ◽  
Total System ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Real Power ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Operating Constraints

<p>A novel approach is proposed in this paper for optimal placement of DG units in reconfigured distribution system with the aim of reduction of real power losses while satisfying operating constraints. The proposed analytical method for optimal DG placement is developed based on a new mathematical formulation. Type-I and type-II DG units are used here. The results of the proposed technique are validated on IEEE 69 bus distribution system. The level of DG penetration is also considered in a range of 0–50% of total system load. A novel index is also proposed which incorporates level of DG penetration and percentage reduction in real power losses. The results are promising when compared with recently proposed algorithms.</p>

A New Fault Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Networks on Chip

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Chakib Nehnouh ◽  
Mohamed Senouci
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Transient Faults ◽  
Networks On Chip ◽  
Congestion Detection ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Detection Mechanisms ◽  
Correct Data

To provide correct data transmission and to handle the communication requirements, the routing algorithm should find a new path to steer packets from the source to the destination in a faulty network. Many solutions have been proposed to overcome faults in network-on-chips (NoCs). This article introduces a new fault-tolerant routing algorithm, to tolerate permanent and transient faults in NoCs. This solution called DINRA can satisfy simultaneously congestion avoidance and fault tolerance. In this work, a novel approach inspired by Catnap is proposed for NoCs using local and global congestion detection mechanisms with a hierarchical sub-network architecture. The evaluation (on reliability, latency and throughput) shows the effectiveness of this approach to improve the NoC performances compared to state of art. In addition, with the test module and fault register integrated in the basic architecture, the routers are able to detect faults dynamically and re-route packets to fault-free and congestion-free zones.

scholarly journals Automatic Detection of the Pharyngeal Phase in Raw Videos for the Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study Using Efficient Data Collection and 3D Convolutional Networks †

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Taek Lee ◽  
Eunhee Park ◽  
Tae-Du Jung
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Pharyngeal Phase ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Efficient Data

Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is a standard diagnostic tool for dysphagia. To detect the presence of aspiration during a swallow, a manual search is commonly used to mark the time intervals of the pharyngeal phase on the corresponding VFSS image. In this study, we present a novel approach that uses 3D convolutional networks to detect the pharyngeal phase in raw VFSS videos without manual annotations. For efficient collection of training data, we propose a cascade framework which no longer requires time intervals of the swallowing process nor the manual marking of anatomical positions for detection. For video classification, we applied the inflated 3D convolutional network (I3D), one of the state-of-the-art network for action classification, as a baseline architecture. We also present a modified 3D convolutional network architecture that is derived from the baseline I3D architecture. The classification and detection performance of these two architectures were evaluated for comparison. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperformed the baseline I3D model in the condition where both models are trained with random weights. We conclude that the proposed method greatly reduces the examination time of the VFSS images with a low miss rate.

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