scholarly journals Evaluation of the application for a new alternative processing method for animal by‐products of Category 3 material (ChainCraft B.V.)

EFSA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Antonia Ricci ◽  
Ana Allende ◽  
Declan Bolton ◽  
Marianne Chemaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Method ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
By Products

Low-temperature Mo-catalyzed growth of crystalline Si3N4 by CVD

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
K.L. More ◽  
R.A. Lowden ◽  
T.M. Besmann
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Structural Ceramic ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Hot Pressing Sintering ◽  
Processing Techniques

Silicon nitride possesses an attractive combination of thermo-mechanical properties which makes it a strong candidate material for many structural ceramic applications. Unfortunately, many of the conventional processing techniques used to produce Si3N4, such as hot-pressing, sintering, and hot-isostatic pressing, utilize significant amounts of densification aids (Y2O3, Al2O3, MgO, etc.) which ultimately lowers the utilization temperature to well below that of pure Si3N4 and also decreases the oxidation resistance. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an alternative processing method for producing pure Si3N4. However, deposits made at temperatures less than ~1200°C are usually amorphous and at slightly higher temperatures, the deposition of crystalline material requires extremely low deposition rates (~5 μm/h). Niihara and Hirai deposited crystalline α-Si3N4 at 1400°C at a deposition rate of ~730 μm/h. Hirai and Hayashi successfully lowered the CVD temperature for the growth of crystalline Si3N4 by adding TiCl4 vapor to the SiCl4, NH3, and H2 reactants. This resulted in the growth of α-Si3N4 with small amounts of TiN at temperatures as low as 1250°C.

Defect Characterization in a CVD α-Si3N4

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 936-937
Author(s):  
Karren L. More
Keyword(s):  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Defect Characterization ◽  
Structural Ceramic ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Torr Pressure ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Hot Pressing Sintering ◽  
Processing Techniques

Silicon nitride possesses an attractive combination of thermo-mechanical properties which makes it a strong candidate material for many structural ceramic applications. Unfortunately, many of the conventional processing techniques used to produce Si3N4, such as hot-pressing, sintering, and hot-isostatic pressing, utilize significant amounts of densification aids (Y2O3, Al2O3, MgO, etc.) which can ultimately lower the utilization temperatures to well below that of pure Si3N4. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an alternative processing method for producing pure Si3N4. The CVD Si3N4 material examined in this study was supplied by Union Carbide. Deposition was performed at 1450°C and 1 Torr pressure using SiCl4 and NH3 as the reacting gases. The CVD methods used were similar to those described by Niihara and Hirai.

Sintering of HA/Zirconia Composite for Biomedical and Dental Applications: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
Kok Fong Lim ◽  
Muchtar Andanastuti ◽  
Rusnah Mustaffa ◽  
Chou Yong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Conventional Sintering ◽  
Phosphate Product ◽  
Dental Applications

Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate product that being widely use in medical application due to its excellence biocompatibility. However its application has being limited due to the inferior mechanical properties, many researcher attempted to improve its mechanical properties. HA-ZrO2 composites have great potential because of their advantages from both constituent materials, such as the excellent biocompatibility of HA and the considerable mechanical strength and toughness of ZrO2. The synergy of the two materials provides a new possibility for developing a composite material with better properties than monolithic ZrO2 and HA. In this work, the stages of development, as well as the different sintering and processing methods of HA and ZrO2 such as conventional sintering, solid-state reaction, microwave sintering and hot isostatic pressing were discussed. It can be concluded that hot isostatic pressing processing yield the most satisfying result amount above method, however the use of nano structured material maybe able to provide alternative processing method and yield better result.

Evaluation of barley distillers’ grains ensiled with or without molassed sugar beet pulp on feed intake and production of Holstein dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
M Kazemi ◽  
A M Tahmasbi ◽  
R Valizadeh ◽  
M Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
M M Moheghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Brewing Process ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
By Products

Agro-industrial by-products are characteristically high in fiber and low in starch with some disparity in protein content based on source and processing method. Barley Distillers’ Grains (BDG) consists largely of structural and protein remaining when extracted residues of grains used in the brewing process. Fresh BDG contain about 70%-80% moisture and can store as silage. However, there is limited research information available on improving BDG silage with readily fermentable carbohydrate. McKendrick et al. (2003) ensiled BDG with molassed sugar beet pulp (MSBP) very well. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the potential of ensiled wet BDG with and without MSBP as alternative to maize silage on DM intake, milk yield and composition of dairy cattle.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

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