scholarly journals Childhood Trauma in Women and Fragmented Interview Narratives – Some Interdisciplinary Methodological and Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Антонія Біфулко
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
Recall Time ◽  
Unresolved Loss ◽  
Unresolved Trauma

Trauma experience is understood through its expression in language, with implications for psycholinguistic and clinical research and analysis. Clinical research approaches often approach childhood trauma through investigative, semi-structured, retrospective interviews (e.g. Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse, CECA). This facilitates the narration of abuse history for systematic analysis in relation to clinical disorder. Interview techniques assist such history-telling, for example by ‘scaffolding’ the account, aiding memory through chronological questioning, using a factual focus and using probing questions to collect detail and resolve inconsistencies. However, some personal narratives are fragmented, incomplete, contradictory or highly emotional/dissociated from emotion. This can be explained by trauma impacts such as being emotionally frozen (forgetting and avoidance) or overwhelmed (emotional over-remembering) and is termed ‘unresolved trauma’ with links to attachment vulnerability. These narratives can make investigative interview research more challenging but can offer opportunities for secondary psycholinguistic analysis. Illustrative interview quotes from CECA childhood physical and sexual abuse narratives of three women are provided with comment on style of reporting. The women had recurrent trauma experience and later life depression and anxiety. The interview responses are examined in terms of seven characteristics taken from available literature (e.g. incoherent, contradictory, lack recall, time lapses, emotionality, blame and vividness). The concept of unresolved loss is discussed and whether the linguistic characteristics are specific to a trauma or to an individual. Factual investigative interviews and psycholinguistic analysis of narrative may find ways of combining for greater depth of understanding of unresolved trauma, to extend available methods and aid therapy. 

scholarly journals Childhood Trauma and Adult Psychological Adjustment: Resilience in Older Adult Survivors of Institutional Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 465-466
Author(s):  
Shauna Mc Gee ◽  
Andreas Maercker ◽  
Alan Carr ◽  
Myriam Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Institutional Abuse

Abstract Several international cohorts of older adults share past experiences of welfare-related adversity. In Ireland, reports of childhood maltreatment, neglect, and abuse within institutional welfare settings included a harsh regime, childhood labour, and physical and sexual assault. Preliminary research with these Irish survivors revealed a high prevalence of psychological disorders in adulthood. A pathological perspective of aging is often applied to such older adults, due to the long-term health consequences associated with childhood trauma. However, little is known about later life resilience or resilience mechanisms in this population. Therefore, using conceptual models of resilience, this qualitative study aimed to investigate factors associated with resilience in older adult survivors of childhood institutional abuse. Participants were 17 Irish older adults, 50-77 years of age, with experiences of childhood abuse in institutional care settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, lasting 60-120 minutes. Transcribed interviews were analysed using the Framework Analysis method. Nine themes were derived from the data, including core, internal, and external resilience factors: Individual characteristics, personality characteristics, support systems, goal attainment, adaptive belief systems, processing, influential events and experiences, recognition and collective identity, and access to services. Results suggest that resilience can be understood not only as an inherent trait, but also as a learnable set of behaviours, thoughts, and attitudes, which can be supported by external resources in an older adults’ environment. The identification of personal and contextual factors underpinning resilience in older adults with trauma experiences may help foster a more positive, strengths-based approach to aging in psychological research and practice.

Clinical and Personality Disorders in a Danish Treatment-Seeking Sample of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 3322-3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ask Elklit ◽  
Siobhan Murphy ◽  
Christine Jacobsen ◽  
Morgan Kezia Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Clinical Disorders

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health concern with profound psychological consequences. Perpetrators often have a history of childhood trauma and a range of co-occurring psychiatric problems, which may have implications for treatment. This study examines the prevalence of psychiatric and personality disorders (PD) among perpetrators and the association between a range of demographic, childhood trauma, and adult criminality variables for the most prominent disorders. Data were collected from IPV perpetrators ( n = 529) engaging in a treatment program, ‘ Dialogue Against Violence’. High rates of childhood trauma were observed. There was significant variation in the prevalence of clinical disorders and PDs, with Antisocial PD and Anxiety Disorder being the most common. A clinical disorder was the strongest predictor of PDs, likewise a PD was the strongest predictor of clinical disorders. Findings demonstrated that IPV perpetrators have a number of personality and clinical disorders and traumatic histories that need to be considered within a treatment perspective.

scholarly journals What's in a name? Similarities and differences in international terms and meanings for older peoples' housing with services

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA L. HOWE ◽  
ANDREW E. JONES ◽  
CHERYL TILSE
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
International Comparative

ABSTRACTThe diversity of terms and meanings relating to housing with services for older people confounds systematic analysis, especially in international comparative research. This paper presents an analysis of over 90 terms identified in literature from the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand reporting types of housing with services under the umbrella of ‘service integrated housing’ (SIH), defined as all forms of accommodation built specifically for older people in which the housing provider takes responsibility for delivery of one or more types of support and care services. A small number of generic terms covering housing for people in later life, home and community care, and institutional care are reviewed first to define the scope of SIH. Review of the remainder identifies different terms applied to similar types of SIH, similar terms applied to different types, and different terms that distinguish different types. Terms are grouped into those covering SIH focused on lifestyle and recreation, those offering only support services, and those offering care as well as support. Considerable commonality is found in underlying forms of SIH, and common themes emerge in discussion of drivers of growth and diversification, formal policies and programmes, and symbolic meanings. In establishing more commonality than difference, clarification of terminology advances policy debate, programme development, research and knowledge transfer within and between countries.

Early Trauma and Later Sexual Victimization in College Women: A Multiple Mediation Examination of Alexithymia, Impulsivity, and Alcohol Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110358
Author(s):  
Natira Mullet ◽  
Lindsey G. Hawkins ◽  
Antover P. Tuliao ◽  
Hailey Snyder ◽  
Derek Holyoak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Early Childhood Trauma ◽  
Early Trauma

Childhood abuse and sexual violence against women are prevalent in the United States. However, researchers have not fully explored the intersection among important predisposing factors that predict recent sexual violence experienced by women who are also survivors of childhood abuse. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among early childhood trauma, alexithymia, impulsivity, alcohol use severity, and sexual victimization in later life among female college students from the United States ( n = 1,178). Participants were part of a larger cross-cultural study, conducted between 2012 to 2014, which examined sexual aggression and victimization in the context of alcohol use. The current study aimed to examine if: (a) early trauma, impulsivity, alexithymia, and alcohol use severity impact sexual victimization in later life, and (b) if impulsivity, alexithymia, and alcohol use severity mediate the relationship between early trauma and victimization in later life. It was hypothesized that impulsivity, alexithymia, and alcohol use severity would significantly mediate the relationship between early trauma and sexual victimization in later life. Using a multiple mediation path analysis, results indicated that early childhood trauma was significantly linked with impulsivity, alcohol use severity, and sexual victimization in later life. A partial mediation through impulsivity and alcohol use severity was observed. Alexithymia did not produce mediation effects. These findings align with previous research examining how early childhood trauma influences the occurrence of sexual victimization in later life and provides further recommendations for helping professionals as they attempt to stifle the sexual victimization rates among female college students.

scholarly journals Publications on Clinical Research in Otolaryngology–A Systematic Analysis of Leading Journals in 2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina M. Kaper ◽  
Geerte G. J. Ramakers ◽  
Mark C. J. Aarts ◽  
Geert J. M. G. van der Heijden
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Leading Journals

scholarly journals AM I FRAIL, LOVE? YES, I SUPPOSE I AM: WHAT 10 OLDER PEOPLE CAN TELL US ABOUT LIVING WITH FRAILTY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S293-S294
Author(s):  
Oliver M Todd ◽  
Andrew Clegg ◽  
Mary Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
Patient Representative

Abstract We sought to explore what matters in later life with frailty from an older persons perspective. Between March and May 2018, we recruited ten people, purposively sampled from the CARE75+ ageing cohort study. Interviews took place at the participant’s own home in two sittings, each 45 minutes long. Interviews were semi-structured, used narrative techniques based on a topic guide developed with a patient representative. We used systematic analysis of the narrative experience to identify meaning in the context of an individual’s time, space and history. Participants had a mean age of 84 years (range 77 to 93), half were women, and three were interviewed with their care-givers. All had moderate or severe frailty: mean frailty index 0.36 (range 0.25 to 0.47); mean Fried score 4 (range 3 -5). Half knew hunger as children; most grew up in large families and left school early; two survived TB in early life; all lived through or were affected by war. The term frailty was: never voluntarily used; described negatively and in value laden terms; seen better in others than themselves. Decision making was best delegated to doctors who knew you and your family over time. Narratives focused on health events of a spouse; symptoms featured more than diagnoses. Survivorship, reciprocity and community were sustaining values. To engage elders in shared decision making we learnt to consider influences of cohort, of people closest to them; and to describe rather than declare someone to be frail, in terms that are real to them.

scholarly journals M3. THEORY OF MIND IN INDIVIDUALS WITH FIRST-EPISODE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA AND CHILDHOOD TRAUMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S133-S134
Author(s):  
Natalia E Fares Otero ◽  
Alicia Garcia Lopez ◽  
Isabel Martinez-Gras ◽  
Juan Manuel Espejo-Saavedra ◽  
Luis Sanchez Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
First Episode Of Schizophrenia

Abstract Background A history of Childhood Trauma (CT), i.e., physical or emotional abuse or neglect, and sexual abuse, is reportedly more prevalent in individuals suffering from psychosis than in the general population. Crucial questions remain unclear about the nature of interpersonal functioning in CT survivors, involving the capacity to understand and interpret other people′s thoughts and feelings, especially in individuals with First-Episode of Schizophrenia (FESz). We investigated the Theory of Mind (ToM) performance of patients with FESz related to CT in comparison to healthy controls (HC). Methods Participants (n=77) completed the Eye Task Revised (RMET) and the Childhood Experience of Care Abuse Questionnaire (CECA-Q). The Word Accentuation Test (TAP) was used to estimate a premorbid IQ. Seven-teen patients with FESz (Mean age = 24.9, SD = 5.4, Male = 79.6%; Education = 10.7, SD = 1.5 years) were recruited at the First-Episode Psychosis Program, Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid, and 60 HC (Mean age = 27.6, SD = 7.2; Male = 45.6%; Education = 14.5, SD = 2.8 years) were healthy volunteers. Between-group comparisons were made using ANCOVA, considering group and CT as fixed factors. Age, years of education and IQ were included as covariates. Results Preliminary results showed that compared to controls, patients with FESz performed worse on the recognition and interpretation of facial expressions, in both male and female faces (p < .001). Patients with FESz did not perform differently than HC in the recognition and interpretation of positive facial expressions (p = .074). However, lower interpretation of negative facial expressions (p < .001) and of neutral facial expressions (p < .001) was shown in patients with FESz compared to HC. Higher interpretation of facial expressions was shown in FESz patients with CT (n = 12), only of female faces (p < .001), compared to patients without CT (n = 7). It was also shown higher interpretation of facial expressions in HC with CT (n = 28), only of negative facial expressions (p = .014), compared to HC without CT (n = 32). Female patients with FESz performed worse on the recognition and interpretation of negative (p = .024) and neutral faces (p < .001), only of male faces (p = .038), compared to female HC. Male patients with FESz performed worse on the recognition and interpretation of positive (p = .038) and negative facial expressions (p = .001) of male faces (p < .001), compared to male HC. In comparison to male FESz patients without CT, male FESz patients with CT showed higher interpretation of female faces (p = .030). In comparison to male HC without CT, male HC with CT showed higher interpretation of male faces (p = .031). Discussion According to previous research, our preliminary findings indicated theory of mind deficits in patients with FESz. Interestingly, in our study the alterations on the interpretation and recognition of facial expressions were shown only of negative and neutral, but not of positive facial expressions. Furthermore, and contrary to literature, we found more interpretation and recognition of facial expressions in patients and healthy controls survivors of CT. However, the above-mentioned was specifically observed of female faces in patients and of negative facial expressions in healthy controls. In addition, female and male patients and healthy controls seem to interpret differently facial expressions related to childhood trauma. Nevertheless, increasing our sample size would give us the opportunity to draw further conclusions about how adverse experiences during childhood may influence social abilities in patients with FESz.

scholarly journals Instrumentos mais utilizados na avaliação da exposição a Experiências Adversas na Infância: uma revisão da literatura

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (129) ◽  
pp. 501-513
Author(s):  
Flávia Garcia Pereira ◽  
Maria Carmen Viana
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Early Trauma

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e descrever os instrumentos mais frequentemente utilizados nas pesquisas epidemiológicas para a avaliação das Experiências Adversas na Infância, nos últimos dez anos. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, cujos critérios de inclusão foram artigos disponíveis na íntegra, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, publicados e indexados nas bases de dados Medline e Lilacs, que citassem no resumo os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados nos estudos. Foram analisados 6 dos 38 instrumentos identificados nos 253 artigos selecionados para análise. Os instrumentos mais citados foram: 1) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, 2) Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse, 3) Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, 4) Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, 5) Early Trauma Inventory Self Report e 6) Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire. Os instrumentos descritos diferiram quanto às propriedades psicométricas, à idade para aplicação e à quantidade de Experiências Adversas na Infância avaliadas. Predominaram estudos publicados em periódicos internacionais na língua inglesa. Três instrumentos apresentam versão em português vigente no Brasil, sendo que um deles considera somente a avaliação de aspectos específicos de Experiências Adversas na Infância, enquanto que os outros dois avaliam, também, outras experiências traumáticas.

scholarly journals CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP QUALITY IN LATER LIFE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 276-276
Author(s):  
K Latham-Mintus ◽  
N Brown
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Later Life
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