scholarly journals Anatomical and histological study of thyroid gland in female local donkeys (Eqws africanus asinus) at Basrah city

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
S. A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Tissue Capsule

Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland that influences many organs of the body and play an important role in the metabolism of animals and another species. Thyroid gland of female donkeys was situated in the interior part of neck inferior to the larynx. It consist of two lobes were connected by isthmus. The mean and SD of length, width, and thickness in right lobe was 25.66±0.41mm, 21.31±0.59mm, 8.51±0.009mm, while in the left lobe it was 23.15±o.16 mm. 19.65±o.22mm, 8.42±0.19mm respectively. Histologically, the thyroid gland surrounded by connective tissue capsule and contained follicles, follicular epithelium, and parafollicular cells. The follicles filled with colloid.

​Comparative Gross Anatomical and Biometrical Studies on Thyroid Gland of Buffalo, Sheep and Goat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Poonia ◽  
Anuradha Gupta ◽  
Varinder Uppal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Tracheal Ring ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right

Background: The thyroid gland is vital endocrine gland which secretes three hormones i.e. thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and Calcitonin hormones. The thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones are biologically active and are required for maintenance of normal levels of metabolic activity. The thyroid also produces calcitonin from the parafollicular cells which act directly on osteoclast to decrease the bone resorption which lower the blood calcium level. Deficient or excessive production of thyroid hormones may lead to serious pathological states with outward symptoms. Methods: The gross anatomical and biometrical studies were conducted on thyroid gland of buffalo, sheep and goat (n=12) collected immediately after slaughtering from slaughter house and local meat shop. The weight of thyroid gland was measured by weighing balance, volume by water displacement method, length and width of lateral lobes and isthmus by calibrated scale and inelastic thread and thickness of lateral lobes and isthmus was measured by digital vernier calliper. The data was analysed statistically. Result: The lateral lobes were roughly triangular in buffalo and elongated in sheep and oval in goat. The surfaces were granular and rough in buffalo but smooth in sheep and goat. It extended from thyroid cartilage to 2nd tracheal ring in buffalo, 1st to 6th tracheal ring in sheep and 1st to 7th tracheal ring in goat. The left lobe was larger than the right lobe in all the three species studied. The thyroid gland was biggest in buffalo followed by goat and smallest in sheep. The density of isthmus was more than the lobes in sheep and goat but not in buffalo.

scholarly journals Determination of Relationship between Thyroid Gland Volume and Anthropometric Indices

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. J. Salaam ◽  
S. M. Danjem ◽  
A. A. Salaam ◽  
H. A. Angba ◽  
P. O. Ibinaiye
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Thyroid Gland Volume ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Objective: To sonographically determine the thyroid gland volume in normal adults in Jos University Teaching Hospital, as well as how it relates to anthropometric factors. Background: The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body weighing about 10-25g.  It regulates the rate of metabolism and controls the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. These it does, by producing thyroid hormones, principally thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The accurate estimation of the size of the thyroid is very important for the evaluation and management of thyroid disorders. Thus, knowing the normal size in a geographic location would form a baseline for detecting abnormalities. Ultrasonography is a cheap, readily available, easy to perform and non-invasive method to image the thyroid gland, hence its use in this resource-limited setting. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of sonographic measurement of thyroid gland volume on 400 normal (healthy) adults in Jos, Plateau State, Northern part of Nigeria. All examinations were performed using LOGIC 5, a real-time ultrasound machine using a 10MHZ linear transducer and ultrasound transmission gel to act as a coupling gel. Measurements of each lobe and isthmus were obtained in longitudinal (length), transverse (width) and depth(breath) in centimetres (cm). Blood samples were taken for thyroid function tests. The weight and heights were obtained. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 17. The results were presented in forms of tables, graphs and chart. Results: The mean thyroid volume for males   6.03 cm3±2.22 was higher than that of females 5.62 cm3±2.14. The mean right lobe volume (RLV) was 3.09 cm3±1.47 and that of males and females were 3.16 cm3 ±1.34 and 3.04 cm3 ±1.55 respectively. The mean left lobe volume (LLV) was 2.69 cm3 ± 1.37 and that of males and females were 2.89 cm3±1.32 and 2.57 cm3±1.39 respectively. The right lobe volume was significantly greater than the left lobe(p=0.000). The total mean isthmus volume was 0.27 cm3±0.31. The mean isthmus volume in males 0.3±0.28 is significantly higher than that of females 0.24±0.23 (p=0.025). The BMI increases in females with increasing age. BMI and BSA are higher in males. Conclusion: The volume obtained in this study was slightly lower than those reported by previous studies in Nigerian adults. The right lobe volume was higher than that of the left and the volume was higher in males compared to females. Anthropometric parameters were noted to affect the thyroid volume.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic and Scintigraphic Findings of Thyroid Hemiagenesis in a Child: Report of a Rare Male Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ümit Yaşar Ayaz ◽  
Sevin Ayaz ◽  
Mehmet Ercüment Döğen ◽  
Arman Api
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Thyroid Hemiagenesis ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right

Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly in which one lobe of thyroid gland fails to develop. It is much rarer in males. There is a higher incidence of associated thyroid disorders in patients with thyroid hemiagenesis; therefore early and prompt diagnosis is important for children. We present the ultrasonographic and scintigraphic findings of thyroid hemiagenesis in an eight-year-old-boy. On ultrasonography (US), left lobe of the thyroid gland could not be demonstrated and the right lobe showed minimal hyperplasia. Its echogenicity was normal and no nodule was seen. On thyroid scintigraphy, left lobe of thyroid gland or any ectopic thyroid tissue could not be demonstrated, while the right lobe showed minimal hyperplasia. Without performing any invasive procedure, we enrolled the child in a follow-up program with the guidance of US and scintigraphy, which were effective both in making the final diagnosis of thyroid hemiagenesis and in evaluating the current status of the present thyroid tissue. In conclusion, if only one thyroid lobe is detected in a pediatric case initially with US or scintigraphy, the diagnosis of thyroid hemiagenesis should be suggested and, before any unnecessary or invasive attempt, the other complementary method (scintigraphy/US) should be performed.

scholarly journals THE HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE THYROID GLAND OF THE RABBIT FOLLOWING LOBECTOMY

1925 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hamilton Crawford ◽  
J. N. J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
The Right

1. In a series of rabbits the changes which took place in the histology of the left lobe of the thyroid gland after excision of the right lobe have been studied at varied intervals of time. 2 days after the removal of one lobe the other lobe showed a slightly increased colloid content, an increased vacuolation of the colloid, and a slight increase in the size of the epithelial cells. At the end of a week the vesicles were greatly increased in size, distended with colloid, and the epithelial cells were flattened, while after 3 to 4 months signs of compensatory hypertrophy were present. 2. The changes observed were uninfluenced by division of the vagus or cervical sympathetic.

scholarly journals Morphological and histological study of the liver in migratory starling bird (Sturnus vulgaris)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Saddama Saed Faraj ◽  
Genan Adnan Al-Bairuty
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Histochemical Observation ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Tissue Capsule

The present work was aimed to form the baseline data of normal morphological and histological structure features of liver in migratory starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Anatomically, the starling liver bird was dark red -brown in colour and located in the cranial third of the abdominal cavity and consisted of undivided lobes (left and right). The liver right lobe was larger than the left. Histological examination revealed that the liver parenchyma was covered by a connective tissue capsule which appears to be thicker in the rim of liver lobes than other area in the liver lobe. Liver parenchyma was arranged in an unlimited hepatic lobules, which composed of polygonal hepatocytes organized as irregular, radial interconnecting cords or laminae of one or two cells thickness around a central vein and separated by blood sinusoids. In the boundary of each lobule showed a portal area which consists of a branch of hepatic artery; one or more branches of hepatic vein and one to four branches of the bile duct which lining by cuboidal cells that characterized by their empty non-staining cytoplasm. The histochemical observation by using PAS staining in the current study revealed that the glycogen granules arranged close to the central vein and in the rim of liver lobules.The present work was aimed to form the baseline data of normal morphological and histological structure features of liver in migratory starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Anatomically, the starling liver bird was dark red -brown in colour and located in the cranial third of the abdominal cavity and consisted of undivided lobes (left and right). The liver right lobe was larger than the left. Histological examination revealed that the liver parenchyma was covered by a connective tissue capsule which appears to be thicker in the rim of liver lobes than other area in the liver lobe. Liver parenchyma was arranged in an unlimited hepatic lobules, which composed of polygonal hepatocytes organized as irregular, radial interconnecting cords or laminae of one or two cells thickness around a central vein and separated by blood sinusoids. In the boundary of each lobule showed a portal area which consists of a branch of hepatic artery; one or more branches of hepatic vein and one to four branches of the bile duct which lining by cuboidal cells that characterized by their empty non-staining cytoplasm. The histochemical observation by using PAS staining in the current study revealed that the glycogen granules arranged close to the central vein and in the rim of liver lobules. Keywords: Birds, Liver morphology, liver histology.

scholarly journals SOME TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THYROID AND PARATHYROD GLANDS OF MOORHEN (Gallinula c. chloropus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
K.K. Kadhim ◽  
N.S. Al-Samarrae ◽  
J.Y. Al-Fayas
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Small Branch ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
The Common ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Tissue Capsule

 The thyroid gland of Moorhen has two separated lobes. These lobes were located in the throracic inlet and receive blood supply from the cranial, middle and caudal thyroid arteries. The histological organization of the thyroid gland in Moorhen is surrounded by a distinct connective tissue capsule and the parenchymal cells were arranged into colloid filled follicles enmeshed in the highly vascular interstitial connective tissue. The bilaterally paired, round to oval, parathyroid glands in Moorhen were located intrathoracically near or close to the caudal pole of the thyroid glands. They receive blood by short branches from caudal thyroid artery and small branch from the common carotid artery. The parathyroid glands in Moorhen have a thin connective tissue capsule. Its parenchymal cells were arranged into an irregular, anastomosing cords of chief cells. No oxyphil cells were found in the parathyroid glands of Moorhen.

Scintiscan Characteristics of Normal Thyroid Gland in a Region of Known Iodine Intake

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
Lucille E. Snoop ◽  
G. T. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

SummaryMorphological features of a normal thyroid gland in a geographical region where the daily iodine intake is about 1 mg are established. The mean weight of the thyroid gland is 31.3 gm with a range from 19 to 43 gm. Oblique length of the right lobe is 5.0 cm and that of the left lobe 4.8 cm. The surface area of the right and left lobes is 9.7 and 9.1 cm2, respectively. The weight of the thyroid gland calculated on the basis of the scan obtained with 99mTcO4 is quite variable and shows poor correlation (γ = 0.40) with the weight obtained on the basis of I-131 scan. It is suggested that the criteria of normalcy be established regionally based on iodine intake, and that an isotope of iodine be used in calculating the weight of thyroid gland for dosimetry purposes.

Morphological and Histological Study of the Pineal Gland in local breed Goats (Capra hircus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hebat Allah Hameed ◽  
khayreia Habeeb
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Embedding Technique ◽  
Tissue Capsule

The current study was carried out to investigate both morphological and histochemical features of pineal gland in goat. Eight samples of pineal glands were used. The morphological study was involved the position, relation, weight, length and width of the glands. The tissue sections were prepared for paraffin embedding technique and stained with Hematoxyline & Eosin, Masson trichrom, Alizarin and PAS stains. The morphological result of pineal showed slightly irregular round-spherical shaped, grayish white in color. It located in the same mid-depression between the thalami body and two colliculi. The weight of gland was 0.478±0.02 mg and measured 2.10±0.06mm in length and 2.52±0.15mm in width. Histologically, the pineal gland has enveloped by a smooth thin layer of loose connective tissue capsule showed less trabiculae that carried the blood vessels into gland and the trabiculae have composed of fine collagen fibers. The glandular parenchyma showed marked lobular pattern of division with marked lighter central region which showed less cellular population. The glandular lobule consisted of three types of cells; Type I pinealocytes or dark pinealocytes, the second type was the less populated type II pinealocytes or light pinealocytes and the third type was the glial cell. The Alizarin stain was revealed multiple of variable size calcium patches within collagen fibers. The cytoplasmic contents of both pinealocytes types I & II showed no glycogen granules.

scholarly journals Follow-up of a case of subacute thyroiditis with uncommon thyroid 99mTc uptake

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Chengjiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Cellular Destruction

Thyroidal 99mTc uptake in the acute thyrotoxic phase of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is always inhibited. However, a patient with SAT had signs in the right-side thyroid gland with transient thyrotoxicosis and slightly high 99mTc uptake levels in the right lobe, low 99mTc uptake in the left lobe, and normal overall uptake. Histological examination showed cellular destruction and granulomatous inflammatory changes in the right lobe, with marked interstitial fibrosis in the left lobe. The patient was thyrotrophin-receptor antibody (TRAb) positive. After a short course of prednisolone, SAT-like symptoms and signs improved. TRAb-positivity resolved spontaneously after 22 months, and TSH levels were slightly low for 22 months. Levels then kept normal in the following four years. In conclusion, high 99mTc uptake by the right lobe was due to the combined effects of TRAb and left thyroid gland fibrosis.

scholarly journals Physa cubensis Pfeiffer, 1839 (Pulmonata: Physidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lobato Paraense
Keyword(s):  
Shell Length ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Line ◽  
Proximal Half ◽  
Nidamental Gland ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Body Whorl ◽  
The Right

A description of Physa cubensis Pfeiffer, 1839, based on 15 speciments collected in Havana, Cuba, is presented. The shell, measuring 9.0 x 4,8mm to 12.3 x 6.4mm, is ovate-oblong, thin, diaphanous, horncolored, shining. Spire elevated, broadly conical; protoconch distinct, roundish, reddish-brown. About five moderately shouldered, roundly convex whorls, penultimate whorl expanded; spiral striation subobsolete; growth line faint on the intermediate whorls, clearly visible on the body whorl, crowded here and there. Suture well impressed. Aperture elongated 2.05 - 2.67 (mean 2.27) times as long as the remaining length of the shell, narrow obovulate-lunate; upper half acute-angled, lower half oval, narrowly rounded at the base; outer lip sharp, inner lip completely closing the umbilical region; a thick callus on the parietal wall; columellar plait well marked. Ratios: shell width/shell length - 0.52-0.61 (mean 0.55); spire length/shell length = 0.27 - 0.33 (mean 0.31); aperture length/shell length = 0.67 - 0.73 (mean 0.69). Oral lappets laterally mucronate; foot spatulate with acuminate tail. Mantle relection with 6 - 8 short triangular dentations in the right lobe (columellar side) and 4 - 6 in the left lobe (near the pneumostome). Renal tube tightly folded into a zigzag course. Ovotestis, ovispermiduct, seminal vesicle, oviduct, nidamental gland, uterus and vagina as in Physa marmorata (see Paraense, 1986, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 81: 459-469). Spermathecal body egg-shaped or pear-shaped; spermathecal ducta uniformly narrow with expanded base, a little longer than the body. Spermiduct, prostate and vas deferens as in P. marmorata (Paraense, loc. cit.). Penis wide proximally, narrowing gradually apicad; penial canal with subterminal outlet. Penial sheath following the width of the penis and ending up by a bulbous expansion somewhat narrower than the proximal portion. Penaial sheath/prepuce ration = 1,25 - 1,83 (mean 1.49). Prepuce much wider than the bulb of the penial shealth, moderately shouldered owing to the intromission of the bulb, and with a large gland in one side of its proximal half occupating about a third of its length. Extrinsic muscles of the penial complex as in P. marmorata. Jaw a simple obtusely V-shaped plate. Radula to be described separetely.

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