C-Reactive Protein Enhances IgG-Mediated Cellular Destruction Through IgG-Fc Receptors in vitro

Antibody-mediated blood disorders ensue after auto- or alloimmunization against blood cell antigens, resulting in cytopenia. Although the mechanisms of cell destruction are the same as in immunotherapies targeting tumor cells, many factors are still unknown. Antibody titers, for example, often do not strictly correlate with clinical outcome. Previously, we found C-reactive protein (CRP) levels to be elevated in thrombocytopenic patients, correlating with thrombocyte counts, and bleeding severity. Functionally, CRP amplified antibody-mediated phagocytosis of thrombocytes by phagocytes. To investigate whether CRP is a general enhancer of IgG-mediated target cell destruction, we extensively studied the effect of CRP on in vitro IgG-Fc receptor (FcγR)-mediated cell destruction: through respiratory burst, phagocytosis, and cellular cytotoxicity by a variety of effector cells. We now demonstrate that CRP also enhances IgG-mediated effector functions toward opsonized erythrocytes, in particular by activated neutrophils. We performed a first-of-a-kind profiling of CRP binding to all human FcγRs and IgA-Fc receptor I (FcαRI) using a surface plasmon resonance array. CRP bound these receptors with relative affinities of FcγRIa = FcγRIIa/b = FcγRIIIa > FcγRIIIb = FcαRI. Furthermore, FcγR blocking (in particular FcγRIa) abrogated CRP's ability to amplify IgG-mediated neutrophil effector functions toward opsonized erythrocytes. Finally, we observed that CRP also amplified killing of breast-cancer tumor cell line SKBR3 by neutrophils through anti-Her2 (trastuzumab). Altogether, we provide for the first time evidence for the involvement of specific CRP-FcγR interactions in the exacerbation of in vitro IgG-mediated cellular destruction; a trait that should be further evaluated as potential therapeutic target e.g., for tumor eradication.

COVID 19 Severity Correlation between Inflammatory Markers and High Resolution Computerised Tomography

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 was considered to have originally started via a zoonotic transmission associated with the seafood market in Wuhan, China. Later it was recognized that human to human transmission played a major role in the subsequent outbreak. The Inflammatory responses caused by viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 with cellular destruction can recruit macrophages and monocytes and lead to the release of cytokines and chemokines.These inflammatory markers then attract immune cells and activate immune responses, leading to cytokine storms .Many such inflammatory markers have been attributed to determine the severity of SARS-CoV-2 disease and mortality associated with it. The Inflammatory markers such as serum ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to be significantly associated with the high risks of the development of severe COVID-19 disease.

Ionizing Irradiations in food industry

The ionizing radiations are particles or waves containing enough energy to ionize the matter when coming in contact. Their mode of action in living cells involves either the direct destruction of nucleic acid or by creating free radicals that can attack the cellular components. This cellular destruction and inactivation can be used to reduce the microbial burden in food items to increase the shelf life and safety of food, meanwhile maintaining the quality of the product. Although this technology is accepted by more than 60 countries, some consumers are reluctant to buy such products thinking that radiations might have modified their food which can also induce changes in their body after consumption. The proper scientific communication regarding the safety of ionization irradiations can change consumer behavior, and it requires the collaboration of all stakeholders in the food production chain. 

Technological Process of Germination of Wheat Grain under the Water Tincture of Aloe and ITS Physical-Chemical Properties

Germination of wheat grain promotes the transition of hardly digestible nutrients into an easily accessible form with increasing the amount of vitamins and minerals. This paper presents the technological process of wheat grain germination under the water tincture of aloe. The germinating power and ability of wheat grain grown in 25% solution of water tincture of aloe are 95% and 95%, respectively. The analysis of the data shows that the amount of all nutrients decreases, since the destruction of the protein-carbohydrate complex. The activity of enzymes increases, and the cellular destruction of the endosperm occurs. Carbohydrates reduction is associated with intensive grain respiration. Germination is also associated with a decrease in fat from 2.45% to 1.25%.

Amla fruit mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its antifungal activity

To study the antifungal activity of ZnO nanoparticles synthesised from amla fruit. Nanotechnology has offered great possibilities in various fields of science and technology. It has been playing a crucial role in the development of modern materials in recent years. The antifungal activity of ZnO occurs by the deformation of fungal hyphae leading to the death of fungal hyphae, which may lead to cellular destruction. Preparation of plant extract, Synthesis of nanoparticles, Characteristics of nanoparticles, Preparation of nanoparticles powder, Antifungal activity of nanoparticles against Candida albicans.The peak found in the spectroscopy indicates the formation of ZnO nanoparticle. It is clearly seen from the graph that increase in concentration results in an increase in antifungal activity. The antifungal activity, in this case, was proved with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. The results conclude that ZnO nanoparticle can be used to prevent any antifungal diseases.

Identification of active compounds and anti-acne activity from extracts and fractions of surian (Toona sinensis) leaves planted in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia

Febriyani E, Falah S, Andrianto D, Lastini T. 2018. Identification of active compounds and anti-acne activity from extractsand fractions of surian (Toona sinensis) leaves planted in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1406-1412. Surian or toon(Toona sinensis Merr) leave is one of the herbs containing many bioactive compounds as potential sources of anti-acne agents. The aimof this work is to identify and evaluate the anti-acne activity of Surian leaves extract and fractions against acne bacteria. Crude extractsof Surian leaves from various solvents (methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate) were screened for their antimicrobial activity using discdiffusion. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest inhibition against Propionibacterium acne (49.93%),Staphylococcus epidermidis (57.14%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.93%), and Eschericia coli (82.03%). The results of Brine ShrimpLethality Test (BSLT) showed that the methanol extract had the highest cytotoxicity of LC50 at 29.76 μg/mL. The extract was thenfractionated using column chromatography, resulted in 6 fractions. The fraction 3 showed the best antibacterial effect against P. acne(28.27%), S. epidermidis (7.38%) and S. aureus (10.38%). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidalconcentration (MBC) test were carried out using liquid dilution, whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Clindamycin were used as anegative and positive control, respectively. The MIC and MBC test assays of fraction 3 varied for different bacteria P. acne bacteria(5000 and 5000 ppm), S. aureus (1250 and 10000 ppm), E. coli (2500 and 5000 ppm), while for S. epidermidis the fraction 3 was able toinhibit with MIC value of 5000 ppm. Based on microscopic observation using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the fraction 3 atthe dose of 5000 ppm could promote the cellular destruction of P. acne. Further experiment using Liquid Chromatography-TendemMass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed various compounds associated with the anti-acne activity of the fraction 3, such aspheophorbide a, pheophytin a and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid.

Effective Cell Immunoablation in Undisrupted Developing Avian Embryos

ABSTRACTIn birds the construction of germline chimeras by grafting exogenous primordial germ cells (PGCs) during embryonic development is feasible since they migrate to the gonads through the blood. Up to date, the efficiencies are highly variable, in part dependent on the destruction of endogenous PGCs in the recipient embryo. We show an almost complete ablation of the endogenous PGCs in stage X embryos using a baby rabbit serum (BRS), with previous cellular signaling by specific antibodies (SSEA1). The application of the treatments, either on epiblast or subgerminaly, produced the reduction of the PGCs in the embryos in a dose dependent manner. No malformations or damages were detected in the treated embryos. However, subgerminal injection of this cocktail produced a massive cellular destruction in all embryos. Therefore, sequential application is a selective and effective method to produce receptor embryos. Nevertheless, it can also be highly destructive if the mixture is applied locally, this could be useful in the treatment of malignancies.SUMMARY STATEMENTAn immunosurgery procedure is described that yields an almost complete ablation of primordial germ cells in early developing chick embryos, thus increasing the expected rates of chimerism when foreign PGCs are grafted onto these embryos

Follow-up of a case of subacute thyroiditis with uncommon thyroid 99mTc uptake

Thyroidal 99mTc uptake in the acute thyrotoxic phase of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is always inhibited. However, a patient with SAT had signs in the right-side thyroid gland with transient thyrotoxicosis and slightly high 99mTc uptake levels in the right lobe, low 99mTc uptake in the left lobe, and normal overall uptake. Histological examination showed cellular destruction and granulomatous inflammatory changes in the right lobe, with marked interstitial fibrosis in the left lobe. The patient was thyrotrophin-receptor antibody (TRAb) positive. After a short course of prednisolone, SAT-like symptoms and signs improved. TRAb-positivity resolved spontaneously after 22 months, and TSH levels were slightly low for 22 months. Levels then kept normal in the following four years. In conclusion, high 99mTc uptake by the right lobe was due to the combined effects of TRAb and left thyroid gland fibrosis.