scholarly journals Investigating the predictors of routine HIV screening behaviors in nurses based on theory of reasoned action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khani Jeihooni ◽  
Pooyan Afzali Harsin ◽  
Seyyed Mansour Kashfi ◽  
Mehdi Amirkhani ◽  
Akbar Yaghouti Zargar
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Routine Hiv Screening ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Screening Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Adequate awareness and a positive attitude of nurses about HIV/AIDS can lead to better care and the provision of accurate information to the general public. Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS infection can affect the attitudes of healthcare staff and inappropriately affect the quality of care. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the factors predicting the routine HIV screening behaviors in nurses based on the theory of reasoned action. Material and methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 nurses working in Vali-e-Asr hospital in Fasa, Iran. The samples were selected by simple random method. Three 75-item standard questionnaires were also used to collect data, including 15 questions on attitudes, 30 questions on the nurses’ knowledge, and 30 questions on the nurses’ performance. Results and discussion: In total, 30 male (22.9%) and 101 (77.1%) female nurses entered in the study. Also, 65.6% of participants were 18–29 years and 48.9% (64) were working in emergency department. The mean attitude and knowledge were calculated to be 20.69 ± 3.17 points and 20.98 ± 4.78 points, respectively. Also, the mean of performance, behavioral control, intention, and subjective norms were calculated to be 84.63 ± 8.06 points, 24.56 ± 2.29 points, 63.93 ± 6.68 points, and 30.53 ± 3.27 points, respectively. The results of the present study indicated a significant relationship between the work experience with their attitude (P = 0.03) and knowledge (P = 0.001) as well as between the age and performance (P = 0.002). Conclusions: In the present study, the mean score of attitude, knowledge and performance was found to be moderate; thus the educational intervention seems necessary.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance about Disaster Management: A Case of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Sedighe S. T. Far ◽  
Milad A. Marzaleh ◽  
Nasrin Shokrpour ◽  
Ramin Ravangard
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Background: Iran is a disaster-prone country in which many natural and man-made disasters happen every year. Because the health sector is vital due to its nature of treatment and rehabilitation of the injured after the disasters, all health care providers, especially hospital nurses, should be prepared to provide the services they need. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance of nurses about disaster management in teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted on a sample of 230 nurses working in the teaching hospitals of Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, who were selected using the stratified sampling proportional to size and simple random sampling methods. The data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire containing 20 questions in three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and performance. Then, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 through independent samples t-test, ANOVA and Tukey tests at the significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest mean scores were related to the attitude (2.38±0.19) and knowledge (1.70±0.50) of the nurses, respectively. However, all three dimensions were at a moderate level. The results showed significant relationships between the mean score of performance and the gender, marital status, age, and work experience of the nurses. In addition, statistically significant relationships were found between the mean score of knowledge and their age and work experience (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, the following suggestions can be made to increase the knowledge and performance of the nurses for being prepared in critical situations: reducing the duration and increasing the quality of training classes and workshops on disaster preparedness; providing some incentives for nurses, especially female, married, older, and more experienced ones to attend these classes; and improving the methods of training materials related to disaster management.

scholarly journals Acceptance and utilization of HIV testing among the youth: a cross-sectional study in Techiman, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Bernard YA Asare ◽  
Henrietta Y Yeboaa ◽  
Bismark Dwumfour-Asare
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: In Ghana, efforts including ‘Know Your Status’ campaign have been made to increase awareness and improve the uptake of HIV screening. Objective: This study examined the acceptance and utilization of the HIV/AIDS ‘Know Your Status’ campaign and determine dthe differences in HIV testing by demographic characteristics among the youth in Techiman, Ghana. Method: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among the youth aged 15-24 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 purposively selected respondents. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 19.6±2.72 years. There was a universal awareness (100%) of HIV/AIDs, and were knowledgeable about the mode of transmission, symptoms and the prevention of HIV. A high proportion of the respon- dents (n=161, 80.5%) had heard about the ‘Know Your Status’ (KYS) campaign. Less than half of respondents (n=91, 45.5%) had tested for HIV, and only 16.5% (n=15/91) of respondents tested through the KYS campaign. Testing for HIV was associ- ated with age (p<0.001) and marital status (p<0.001). Conclusion: The youth should therefore be targeted in the awareness and the ‘Know Your Status campaigns’, and in an effort- sto promote screening for HIV. Keywords: Awareness; campaign; knowledge; HIV/AIDS; know your status; screening.

scholarly journals Dentists’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Hepatitis B, C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome In Northeast Part of Rajasthan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Omprakash Yadav ◽  
Deepak Yadav ◽  
Aishwarya Joshi ◽  
Swati Joshi Asopa ◽  
Naiem Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Healthcare professionals including surgeons, dentists and paramedical personnel’s belong to high risk group of transmitting blood borne pathogens. Keeping this in view a study was proposed to assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of dental professionals towards different viral diseases in northeast part of Rajasthan. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among 500 randomly selected dentists in Jaipur district. Questions regarding KAP of hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were included in the questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS Ver. 20.0. software using chi-square test, independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the differences between parameters. Results: The result indicates that the majority of the study subjects (60%) were female. The mean (+Standard Deviation) for age and work experience was 35.5+8.85 and 5.6+8.76 respectively. The mean value of KAP was 38.4+3.23, 21.5+4.34 and 23.05+5.67 respectively. It was observed that knowledge regarding HBV, HCV and HIV/AIDS was statistically significant with work experience (>10 Years; p<0.001), year of graduation (after 2006; p<0.001). Attitude of study subjects for HBV, HCV and HIV/AIDS was significantly inclined by age group (< 30 years: P = 0.011), work experience (≥10 years: P < 0.001), and place of work (dental clinic: P = 0.013). Conclusions: The observations of the study highlighted a reasonable level of knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners for HBV, HCV and HIV/AIDS infections. However there is a need of improvement in the knowledge level which can alter their attitude and practice towards patients with HBV, HCV and HIV/AIDS infections

scholarly journals The Effect of Training Courses on Awareness, Attitude, and Performance of Confectionery, Bakery, and Restaurant Workers in Yazd City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Sadeghizadeh-yazdi ◽  
Zohreh Rahaei
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Yazd City

Introduction: Health organizations are required to raise people’s awareness about foodborne diseases and to control and prevent these diseases. Training courses held by guilds are aimed to enhance food hygiene in the society. The present study was conducted to determin the effect of training courses on the awareness, attitude, and performance of confectionery, bakery, and restaurant workers. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 120 individuals in charge of preparing, distributing, and selling food in Yazd City were selected by random sampling method. The participants' awareness, attitude, and performance levels were measured before and after the training courses using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS.16 software using ANOVA statistical tests and pair t-test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.95 ± 9.57 years. Following implementation of the training courses, the participants' average scores increased significantly in terms of awareness, performance, and attitude (p ˂ 0.001). Moreover, education, age, type of responsibility, as well as work experience had a significant relationship with the workers' awareness, attitude, and performance (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: Training courses conducted by guilds improved the awareness level of participants, especially bakery operators, enhanced attitude of participants, especially sellers, and improved hygiene performance of the operators in various fields, including food hygiene. Thus, such training courses should be conducted for each profession category and each job position separately. Every businessmen should be required to pass these courses every two years.

scholarly journals The Level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of the Hhysicians and Nurses about Suitable Healthcare Personnel (HCP) Attire in Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayran Zebardast ◽  
Nikzad Eisazadeh ◽  
Khorshid Vaskooi ◽  
Fatemeh Mirbazegh
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of knowledge, attitude and practice of medical team about suitable " Healthcare personnel (HCP) attire". Materials and methods: This is a descriptive study that was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and evaluated knowledge, attitude and performance of physicians and nurses about "Health care personnel (HCP) attire" by a questionnaire. In order to create the questionnaire a panel of experts’ reviews was set and a questionnaire was made through Focus group discussion (FGD). The Variables included age, gender, work experience, type of employees' time, type of jobs, education level, type of employee. Results: This study was conducted on 441 physicians and nurses who were working in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The mean percent of KAP score was 72.6 ± 14.3. The score of the questionnaire in general was 14.91 ± 70.99 for knowledge, 73.5 ± 13.3 for attitude and 73.7 ± 17.1 for performance. Conclusion: According to this survey, the questionnaire score in the general knowledge, attitude and performance about the "Healthcare personnel (HCP) attire" is low.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

Pengaruh Sikap dan Norma Subjektif Terrhadap Niat Gelagat Kepatuhan Cukai Jualan Tempatan

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainol Bidin ◽  
Zolkafli Hussin ◽  
Shalihen Mohd Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Reasoned Action

Literatur cukai lalu menyentuh tentang banyak pemboleh ubah yang boleh mempengaruhi gelagat kepatuhan cukai terutama yang berkaitan dengan cukai langsung. Namun begitu, pemboleh ubah niat gelagat tidak banyak digunakan sebagai tumpuan utama sedangkan ia dikenal pasti sebagai pemboleh ubah anteseden bagi gelagat kepatuhan. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah yang mempengaruhi niat gelagat kepatuhan cukai jualan tempatan, iaitu salah satu komponen cukai tidak langsung. Teori Tindakan Beralasan (Theory of Reasoned Action) yang dibangunkan oleh Fishbein dan Ajzen (1975) digunakan sebagai asas kajian. Sejumlah 338 pelesen cukai jualan tempatan di Semenanjung Malaysia telah terlibat sebagai responden kajian. Kaedah regresi berganda digunakan bagi melihat hubung kait antara sikap dan norma subjektif terhadap niat gelagat kepatuhan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa pemboleh ubah sikap dan norma subjektif masing-masing mempengaruhi secara positif dan signifi kan terhadap niat gelagat. Sikap dan norma subjektif dapat menerangkan 64% varian dalam niat gelagat kepatuhan cukai jualan tempatan. Implikasi dan cadangan terhadap pembuat dasar turut dibincangkan.   Kata kunci: Sikap, norma subjektif, niat gelagat, cukai jualan tempatan.

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