scholarly journals Black Bodies, White Bodies – ‘Gypsy’ Images in Central Europe at the Turn of the Twentieth Century (1880–1920)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-93
Author(s):  
Éva Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Feudal Society ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Black Bodies ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The One

The problem of the observer has long been a key concern of social theories. However, in mainstream sociology, it was not until three decades ago that the relationship between image and text, seeing and gaze, appeared on the horizon of the discipline. Studying the visual representation of Roma in Modernity, one sees how CentralEuropean societies create their own sexualised and feminised Blackness through ‘savage’ groups and individuals. The central thesis of the article is that, across Europe, the panoptic regime of Modernity operates with the optical unconscious in two ways. On the one hand, by re-visualising social differences that becameinvisible after the collapse of feudal society; on the other, by bringing the oppressed into sight and rendering the oppressors invisible. However, there is a significant difference between the Western and Eastern European representations of ‘savages’: in the process of nation-building, the ‘Gypsy’ became an ambiguous part of the national imaginary in Eastern European countries. The paper argues that ideas and visual representations of Roma commuted between Central and Western Europe resulted in tensions between the colonial and emancipatory gazes. 

scholarly journals The comparative analysis of the industrial relations systems in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
Juliusz Gardawski ◽  
Rafał Towalski
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The One

Abstract This article aims to quantify the institutional similarities between industrial relations systems in 11 Central and Eastern European countries (CEE11), on the one hand and each of the four models of capitalism in Western Europe identified by Amable [2003], on the other hand. The comparative analysis was performed on the basis of six variables. Three of them represent inputs or institutional determinants of industrial relations. Another three variables represent outputs or the labor market performance. For each variable, the similarity coefficients between CEE11 countries and four reference EU15 economies representing Western European models of capitalism were calculated. Based on these coefficients, the hexagons of similarity were built. The analyses led us to some general observations. In 2005, most of the countries in the region developed industrial relations systems similar to the continental model, what can be interpreted as a strategy to meet the requirements imposed on these countries in the process of European integration. After accession, most of the countries abandoned “social partnership” ship and started the cruises to the Anglo-Saxon model.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES (FACTs) ON STUDENT’S OUTCOMES IN CHEMISTRY AT SECONDARY SCHOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Babinčáková ◽  
Mária Ganajová ◽  
Ivana Sotáková ◽  
Paweł Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Classroom Techniques ◽  
The Us ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Assessment in many Central- and Eastern-European countries is dominated by summative assessment (SA). Simultaneously, researchers and educators from western Europe and the US proclaim the formative assessment (FA) as an important element of the educational process and advise including it into curricula and everyday teachers’ practice. The research presented herein reports an introduction of formative assessment classroom techniques (FACTs) during chemistry lessons at K7 level in Slovakia. In total 202 students participated in the research. They were divided randomly into a control (n=97) and an experimental (n=105) group, and the intervention covered 10 successive lessons. After the intervention, the student’s outcomes were compared using the test checking student’s knowledge and skills according to various domains of Bloom’s revised taxonomy. The results suggested a statistically significant increase in the score of the experimental group, and a detailed analysis revealed that the increase was significant in both lower- and higher-order cognitive skills area. Finally, the students’ reaction on the introduction of formative assessment was studied and showed their positive attitude towards the introduced method. Keywords: chemical education, formative assessment classroom techniques, higher-order cognitive skills, secondary school.

scholarly journals Does cultural heritage affect job satisfaction? The East-West divide

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Nikica Mojsoska-Blazevski ◽  
Marjan Petreski ◽  
Venera Krliu-Handjiski
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
East European ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The objective of this paper is to examine the factors influencing workers’ job satisfaction aside from the conventional factors, in the light of basic cultural values and beliefs, and then to set this into a comparative perspective for three groups of countries: South-East European (SEE) countries, Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) and Western Europe. Cultural values are grouped into traditional vs. secular-rational values and survival vs. self-expression values. The main result of the study is that culture has a considerable effect on job satisfaction across all groups of countries under investigation. However, there are between-group differences in terms of the relative importance of specific cultural values for job satisfaction. We also find some evidence suggesting the persistency of cultures and slow-moving institutions.

The developments in the business models of biotechnology in the Central and Eastern European countries: The example of Estonia

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Suurna
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Institutional Convergence ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The One

In light of the current debate on the validation of the prevalent business models and trends taking place in the field of biotechnology in developed countries (see here in particular Pisano versus Glick), it is relevant to explore whether, and if so in which form and circumstances, the set arguments hold up and could be complemented by the context prevalent in transition countries. As one of the main concerns for the long-term development in the area relies on Pisano's argument that the sector is moving towards greater fragmentation, the deep analysis of that becomes particularly important in an environment where the very same problems are somewhat rooted in the local policymaking context and business environment. A specific example can be drawn here from the Central and Eastern European countries (CEE). Derived from this, the aim of the current article is to trace the trends in biotechnology business models in one of the rather well-performing CEE countries: Estonia. The article argues that the developments in the business models in Estonia are led by two rather contrary directions, where on the one hand increasing specialization and fragmentation and on the other hand movements towards geographical and institutional convergence can be detected.

An examination of emerging adulthood in Romanian college students

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Norm Compliance ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Adult Roles

Little work has been done to examine emerging adulthood in Eastern European countries such as Romania that are making the transition out of communism into the broader free-market economy of Western Europe. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the criteria that college students in Romania have for adulthood, and (b) explore whether differences in adulthood criteria, achievement of those criteria, and identity development are related to variations in adult status (i.e., perceptions of being an adult coupled with taking on adult responsibilities). Participants included 230 Romanian young people (136 women, 94 men) aged 18—27 attending a university in Romania’s second largest city. Results found that (a) the majority of Romanian young people did not consider themselves to be adults; (b) issues related to relational maturity, financial independence, and norm compliance ranked as the most important criteria for adulthood; (c) there was pervasive optimism about the future, including careers, relationships, finances, and overall quality of life; and (d) findings regarding identity development differed according to the extent that young people perceived themselves to be adults and whether or not they had taken on adult roles.

Recent Changes in Suicide Rates in Selected Eastern European and Other European Countries

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Health Organization

Recent major political changes in Eastern European countries might have affected their suicide rates. For this article, suicide statistics available to the World Health Organization were used to compare data from eight Eastern European countries to those from seven countries in Northern or Western Europe. Comparisons were made between 1987 and 1991/92 data using total suicide rates for each country, rates by gender, and rates for the elderly (age 75 and older). The total rates indicated an increase in suicide in Eastern European countries and a decrease in other European countries. The ratio of male-to-female suicides in the Eastern European countries increased during this time as well, more than in other European countries. Among those over the age of 75, however, rates of suicide in Eastern European countries decreased; this pattern was less clear in the European countries chosen for comparison. The article discusses the role of economic, cultural, and health service factors affecting these trends.

scholarly journals Why is the City Maps’ Content of Eastern and Central European Countries So Extensive?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Agata Ciołkosz-Styk ◽  
Wiesław Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The City

Abstract Significant changes in the wealth, variety and level of graphic form of city maps are noticeable in recent years, particularly those from Central and Eastern European countries. This is a consequence of the political and economic transformation, resulting in the abolition of censorship and introduction of the free market. City maps published in Western Europe have evolved as well during the aforementioned period due to higher political and economic stability. The paper compares city maps content of 18 European countries and shows the influence of Soviet cartographic style on city maps image in post-communist countries.

scholarly journals Smoking epidemic in Europe in the 21st century

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Janssen ◽  
Shady El Gewily ◽  
Anastasios Bardoutsos
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Recent Cohort

ObjectiveTo estimate smoking-attributable mortality in the long-term future in 29 European countries using a novel data-driven forecasting approach that integrates the wave pattern of the smoking epidemic and the cohort dimension.MethodsWe estimated and forecasted age-specific and age-standardised smoking-attributable mortality fractions (SAMF) and 95% projection intervals for 29 European countries by sex, 1950–2100, using age-period-cohort modelling with a generalised logit link function. We projected the (decelerating) period increases (women) by a quadratic curve to obtain future declines, and extrapolated the past period decline (men). In addition, we extrapolated the recent cohort trend.ResultsSAMF among men are projected to decline from, on average, 25% in 2014 (11% (Sweden)—41% (Hungary)) to 11% in 2040 (range: 6.3%–15.4%), 7% in 2065 (range: 5.9%–9.4%) and 6% in 2100. SAMF among women in 21 non-Eastern European countries, currently at an average of 16%, are projected to reach peak levels in 2013 (Northern Europe), 2019 (Western Europe), 2027 (Greece, Italy) and 2022 (Central Europe), with maximum levels of, on average, 17% (8% (Greece)—28% (Denmark)), and to decline to 10% in 2040 (range: 4%–20%), 5% in 2065 (range: 3.5%–7.6%) and 4% in 2100. For women, a short-term shift in the peak of the inverse U-shaped age pattern to higher ages is projected, and crossovers between the age-specific trends.ConclusionOur novel forecasting method enabled realistic estimates of the mortality imprint of the smoking epidemic in Europe up to 2100. The high peak values in smoking-attributable mortality projected for women warrant attention.

scholarly journals A HOLLOW VICTORY: THE ECJ RULES ON DIRECT EFFECT OF FREEDOM OF ESTABLISHMENT PROVISIONS IN EUROPE AGREEMENTS

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-294
Author(s):  
Antje Pedain
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Freedom Of Establishment ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
Home Department ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Political Objective ◽  
The One ◽  
C 63

In three judgments delivered on 27 September 2001 (Cases C-63/99 R. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p. Gloszczuk and Gloszczuk; C-235/99 R. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p. Kondova; C-257/99 R. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p. Barkoci and Malik), the ECJ ruled on the legal effects of provisions in the so-called “Europe Agreements” (EAs), Association Agreements concluded in the early 1990s between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and certain Eastern European countries, of the other part, with a view to promoting harmonious economic development with and within these countries and to acknowledging the ultimate political objective on the part of these States eventually to become Members of the European Union.

‘Developed Socialism’ and Soviet Economic Thought in the 1970s and Early ’80s

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Zweynert
Keyword(s):  
Hard Core ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Protective Belt

The present paper is part of a larger project by the same author that deals with the relationship between economic ideas and institutional change in post-socialist Russia. The paper develops two main theses: First, it argues that the concept of “developed socialism” as introduced by Leonid Brezhnev in 1971 on the one hand deprived the planned economy of political “mobilizing energy”, yet at the other hand prevented it from turning it into a self-organizing system. Thus it was, I argue, the perfect recipe for stagnation. Secondly, based on Imre Lakatos’ theory of scientific research programs, I argue that the concept of developed socialism in its official Soviet version can be seen as an attempt to cushion the critique of central planning that had developed in some of the Central Eastern European countries in the 1960s: By allowing some more, yet insignificant critiques (broadening the protective belt), the hard core of the ideological program (e.g. the structure of property rights) was made safer against criticism. The inability of Gorbachev’s economic advisors to provide practical guidance for reforms was, I argue, partly due to the fact that the ideology of developed socialism had favored an “idealist turn” in economics. As a result of this turn, the shestidesyatniki generation of Soviet political economists had rather little to say about economic reality.

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