scholarly journals Vulnerability to Climate Change and Socio-Economic Factors: A Comparison of Selected Districts of Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-110
Author(s):  
Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Shahid ◽  
Aimen Tayyab ◽  
Usman Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerability Score ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study analyzes ten districts of the province Punjab of Pakistan to investigate and compare the vulnerability of selected districts. Total Three sub-groups (socio-economic variables, adaptive capacity, bio-physical variables) are generated by using the data from Pakistan Social & Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) and Pakistan Meteorological Department of the years 2014-15, to calculate total vulnerability. Using primary variables at the district level, this study determines each district’s rural and urban areas' total vulnerability score. The results show that few districts, e.g., Rawalpindi has 0.74 total vulnerability score out of 1, are highly vulnerable compared to other districts despite having a better socio-economic situation. On the other hand, few districts, like Multan, have a low vulnerability to climate change and socio-economic factors. Keywords: CO2, socio-economic, bio-physical, environment, Vulnerability. JEL Classification Codes: Q3, O13, P28.

scholarly journals Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of an Evaporative Cooling System

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
N. Kapilan ◽  
M. Manjunath Gowda ◽  
H. N. Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System

Abstract The use of chlorofluorocarbon based refrigerants in the air-conditioning system increases the global warming and causes the climate change. The climate change is expected to present a number of challenges for the built environment and an evaporative cooling system is one of the simplest and environmentally friendly cooling system. The evaporative cooling system is most widely used in summer and in rural and urban areas of India for human comfort. In evaporative cooling system, the addition of water into air reduces the temperature of the air as the energy needed to evaporate the water is taken from the air. Computational fluid dynamics is a numerical analysis and was used to analyse the evaporative cooling system. The CFD results are matches with the experimental results.

scholarly journals Household food security access, and amidst Covid-19: a study case in Equatorial Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Emilio Edu Nguema Osea ◽  
Wang Jian
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Hunger Level ◽  
Bioko Island ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Rural And Urban

Food is of primary importance for households. Equatorial Guinea (EG) has progressed much in income growth but less in living standard, which includes food security. To situating food–insecurity prevalence in EG, this paper researches household food security-access, and its link-cause to agriculture–considering the Covid-19– using the Household Hunger Scale (HHS). On the data, we surveyed 400 households, imparted in EG rural and urban areas of Bioko Island and the mainland. The results reveal a 2.4 mean for both rural and urban Bioko, placing households at moderate hunger level. On the mainland, rural scores 3.21 (the area most affected), yet falling in moderate hunger level; while the urban scores best 0.64 and stands in the food-safe zone. It derives that diet is rather monotonous and embrace–mainly– carbohydrates rice, bread, cassava, and plantain. A focus on boosting the productivity of staples is paramount for Food security and even national security.

scholarly journals Measurement and Decomposition of Consumption Inequality in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Pravat Uprety
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Measures Of Inequality

This study aims at computing, comparing and decomposing the different inequality indices by rural and urban areas, sex of household head and ecological belt, so that policy maker can make the policy to reduce the inequality in Nepal. This study is based on the raw data taken from the 3rd Nepal Living Standard Survey-2011 conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). The study has used real consumption as the main variable to measure the inequality. In most of the cases five measures of inequality; Coefficient of variation (CV), Quantile Ratio Index, Gini Index, Generalised Entropy Index with parameter 0 and 1 were computed. The Gini index, Theil’s L and Theil’s T indices are 0.328, 0.175 and 0.194, respectively. The study has found no significant difference in inequality between male- and female-headed households; and the inequality in urban areas is higher than that in the rural areas. By ecological belts, the inequality is highest in hills and lowest in mountains. The country should place focus on urban areas and hilly belt to reduce inequality.

scholarly journals Filipino Farmers’ Awareness and Adaptation to Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p8
Author(s):  
Genalyn Panganiban Lualhati ◽  
Shiela R. Lumbaga ◽  
Nazarene Carlo M. Pagaspas ◽  
Ma. Fatima N. Quimio
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government

In the Philippines, agriculture plays a vital role because this sector can contribute a lot in the development of the economy. The value of documenting the agriculture growth annually and the problems encountered is being done by the government particularly, the Department of Agriculture (DA) to come up with interventions or programs to support the Filipino farmers, both in rural and urban areas. Hence, this study focused on determining the farmers’ awareness on climate change and their adaptation strategies in one municipality in Batangas Province. By employing mixed method through self-made questionnaire and focus group discussion, this study revealed that respondents are highly aware on climate change and the best strategy to use in adapting to climate change was conservation agriculture. The study offered recommendations that different authorities can employ to strengthen the farmer’s awareness and adaptation on climate change.

scholarly journals The Influence of Gender Relations on Women’s Involvement and Experience in Climate Change Adaptation Programs in Bangladesh

SAGE Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401881262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mumita Tanjeela ◽  
Shannon Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adaptation Practices

The nexus between poverty and climate change is a major concern, especially in a country like Bangladesh where lack of resources is a significant problem in both rural and urban areas. Climate change affects a wide demographic of the population in Bangladesh, and among those affected, women are more vulnerable to climate change impacts, as is evident from the history of climate-induced disasters in the country. Climate change increases women’s socio-economic vulnerabilities by directly impacting their family’s food security, water consumption, and livelihood. Hence, their roles and contributions are critical in responding through adaptation. Nonetheless, in Bangladesh, challenges remain to incorporate women as distinct actors and active agents in climate adaptation programs considering the gender power dynamics that exist. In this context, this study focuses on women’s contributions as individuals or as a group and reveals their significant influence in climate change adaptation practices.

Re-examining Multidimensional Poverty in Pakistan: A New Assessment of Regional Variations

2019 ◽  
pp. 097215091984441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hummera Saleem ◽  
Malik Shahzad Shabbir ◽  
Bilal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Statistical Survey

The objective of this study is to investigate the multidimensional poverty (MDPT) level in the rural and urban areas of Pakistan. This study further adhered three essential factors such as education, health and living standard of people. It is observed that most of the studies have conducted and adhered regarding monetary poverty. The data have been obtained from the ‘Pakistan Social and Living Standard Management’ (PSLM) statistical survey. The finding of this analysis shows that, during all periods, MDPT in Pakistan remained significantly more in rural areas compared to urban regions. This empirical analysis provides an integrating technique adopting MDPT to overcome the socio-economic issues, which rapidly upsurge in Pakistan. Furthermore, it is a fundamental obligation of the state to provide sustainable and millennium development necessities of life such as food, health, water and education to meet the global standards of well-being of their people.

scholarly journals A Study on Household Sector Energy Consumption of Rural and Urban Areas in Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
K Ramabose ◽  
S Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Universal Measure

The word “Energy” is derived from the Greek word ‘energeia’, which means ‘in work’. It is the power or capacity to do work. Energy has become an important and one of the basic infrastructures for human development and economic growth of a country. Energy is the universal measure of all kinds of work and its consumption has been increasing worldwide. It has become a basic requirement of today’s life. In fact, it is the backbone of present day civilization. Thus, with an increase in the living standard of human beings, the energy consumption is also accelerated. There is a strong correlation between standard of living and energy consumption. Any physical activity in this world, whether carried out by human beings or by nature, is caused due to the flow of energy in one form or the other? Energy is required to do any kind of work. The work output depends on the energy input. The capacity to do work depends upon the amount of energy one can control and utilise.

Climate change governance: An analysis of the climate change legal regime in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Meissy Janet Naeku
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Kenya’s climate change legal environment is considered progressive, with the country being one of the first in the African continent to enact robust climate law and policies that guide national and local action. The presence of a comprehensive legal regime is meant to provide an opportunity for the country to coordinate climate change issues in a more structured manner. Despite this, Kenya continues to grapple with challenges presented by climate change, which have increased the country’s vulnerability to biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation and immense impacts on livelihoods and infrastructure in both rural and urban areas. Climate-related disasters and extreme events have plagued the most vulnerable communities, particularly with the most affected being Indigenous People and marginalised local communities. It is against this backdrop that the extent to which procedural mechanisms and the substantive legal frameworks produced needs to be reflected upon, to determine their interaction and feedback with the ongoing climate crisis and their sufficiency to adequately deliver climate justice across various levels of climate change law implementation. As a starting point, this article builds a comprehensive understanding on the existing climate laws in Kenya and explores how this translates to climate resilience building. The coherences, practicalities and implementation dynamics of the legal instruments are analysed to provide a clear picture of how the country responds to international, regional and national expectations and obligations. We argue that the adequacy of climate instruments in Kenya has not satisfactorily translated into climate resilience. Although most of the instruments are informed by sustainability principles for climate justice and resilience building, they still face diverse socio-economic and political dynamics that impede its effective implementation.

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