scholarly journals A Study on Household Sector Energy Consumption of Rural and Urban Areas in Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
K Ramabose ◽  
S Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Universal Measure

The word “Energy” is derived from the Greek word ‘energeia’, which means ‘in work’. It is the power or capacity to do work. Energy has become an important and one of the basic infrastructures for human development and economic growth of a country. Energy is the universal measure of all kinds of work and its consumption has been increasing worldwide. It has become a basic requirement of today’s life. In fact, it is the backbone of present day civilization. Thus, with an increase in the living standard of human beings, the energy consumption is also accelerated. There is a strong correlation between standard of living and energy consumption. Any physical activity in this world, whether carried out by human beings or by nature, is caused due to the flow of energy in one form or the other? Energy is required to do any kind of work. The work output depends on the energy input. The capacity to do work depends upon the amount of energy one can control and utilise.

scholarly journals MASS PATTERNS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN TAMIL NADU

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9(SE)) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Rajendran ◽  
Udaya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Educational Service ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Education plays a vital role for economic development of any nation. It reduces social and economic disparities in society. This study explores the public and private higher educational institutions and literacy level of Tamil Nadu. The literacy rate indicates educational level of total population. Education makes and ushers knowledge economy of a country. The importance of educational service is forever growing in the public and private sectors. Education facilitates the acquisition of new technology, skills and knowledge that ultimately increases productivity in rural and urban areas of India. Public and Private partnership institutions play an important role in delivering educational service in the society and itsrole for delivering general and technical educationfor achieving economic development and its producing skill and knowledge of  human resource.

A Comparative Analysis of Land, Caste, and Gender in Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh With Reference to India

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-175
Author(s):  
M. Thangaraj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
National Income ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
And Gender

Land is a gift of nature and its supply is perfectly inelastic. The quality of land differs very much from one place to another. Land is an important productive asset in rural India. Land is the backbone of agriculture. It serves as the base for all living beings. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce directly or indirectly depends on agriculture for their livelihood. About one-fifth of national income is derived from agricultural sector. Agriculture is a risky and most uncertain economic activity, as it heavily depends upon the vagarious of monsoon. Land market is a significant economic activity and may be classified into land sale market and land lease market both in rural and urban areas. Land reform is one of the regulating mechanisms of the agrarian activity which may be classified into 1) reforms aimed at changing ownership pattern (re-distributive reform) or 2) reforms dealing with leasing of land (tenancy/tenure reform).

scholarly journals Household food security access, and amidst Covid-19: a study case in Equatorial Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Emilio Edu Nguema Osea ◽  
Wang Jian
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Hunger Level ◽  
Bioko Island ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Rural And Urban

Food is of primary importance for households. Equatorial Guinea (EG) has progressed much in income growth but less in living standard, which includes food security. To situating food–insecurity prevalence in EG, this paper researches household food security-access, and its link-cause to agriculture–considering the Covid-19– using the Household Hunger Scale (HHS). On the data, we surveyed 400 households, imparted in EG rural and urban areas of Bioko Island and the mainland. The results reveal a 2.4 mean for both rural and urban Bioko, placing households at moderate hunger level. On the mainland, rural scores 3.21 (the area most affected), yet falling in moderate hunger level; while the urban scores best 0.64 and stands in the food-safe zone. It derives that diet is rather monotonous and embrace–mainly– carbohydrates rice, bread, cassava, and plantain. A focus on boosting the productivity of staples is paramount for Food security and even national security.

scholarly journals Measurement and Decomposition of Consumption Inequality in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Pravat Uprety
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Measures Of Inequality

This study aims at computing, comparing and decomposing the different inequality indices by rural and urban areas, sex of household head and ecological belt, so that policy maker can make the policy to reduce the inequality in Nepal. This study is based on the raw data taken from the 3rd Nepal Living Standard Survey-2011 conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). The study has used real consumption as the main variable to measure the inequality. In most of the cases five measures of inequality; Coefficient of variation (CV), Quantile Ratio Index, Gini Index, Generalised Entropy Index with parameter 0 and 1 were computed. The Gini index, Theil’s L and Theil’s T indices are 0.328, 0.175 and 0.194, respectively. The study has found no significant difference in inequality between male- and female-headed households; and the inequality in urban areas is higher than that in the rural areas. By ecological belts, the inequality is highest in hills and lowest in mountains. The country should place focus on urban areas and hilly belt to reduce inequality.

scholarly journals Vulnerability to Climate Change and Socio-Economic Factors: A Comparison of Selected Districts of Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-110
Author(s):  
Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Shahid ◽  
Aimen Tayyab ◽  
Usman Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerability Score ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study analyzes ten districts of the province Punjab of Pakistan to investigate and compare the vulnerability of selected districts. Total Three sub-groups (socio-economic variables, adaptive capacity, bio-physical variables) are generated by using the data from Pakistan Social & Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) and Pakistan Meteorological Department of the years 2014-15, to calculate total vulnerability. Using primary variables at the district level, this study determines each district’s rural and urban areas' total vulnerability score. The results show that few districts, e.g., Rawalpindi has 0.74 total vulnerability score out of 1, are highly vulnerable compared to other districts despite having a better socio-economic situation. On the other hand, few districts, like Multan, have a low vulnerability to climate change and socio-economic factors. Keywords: CO2, socio-economic, bio-physical, environment, Vulnerability. JEL Classification Codes: Q3, O13, P28.

Exploring Associations between Mobility and Sexual Experiences among Unmarried Young People

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Acharya ◽  
K. G. Santhya ◽  
Shireen J. Jejeebhoy
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Rural And Urban

This study examines mobility (short-term movement involving stays away from home) among unmarried youths in India and its association with their sexual experiences. We look at unmarried young women and men aged 15 to 24 from rural and urban areas in six states in India—Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. Data are drawn from a subnationally representative study of Indian youths, in which 11,522 young men and 17,362 young women were interviewed face-to-face at their usual residences. The study finds that one-third and one-fifth of young men and women, respectively, had experienced mobility. Mobile youths were more likely than nonmobile youths to experience romantic relationships and initiate sex before marriage. Moreover, among the sexually experienced, mobile young men were more likely than others to report multiple sexual partners.

Re-examining Multidimensional Poverty in Pakistan: A New Assessment of Regional Variations

2019 ◽  
pp. 097215091984441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hummera Saleem ◽  
Malik Shahzad Shabbir ◽  
Bilal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Statistical Survey

The objective of this study is to investigate the multidimensional poverty (MDPT) level in the rural and urban areas of Pakistan. This study further adhered three essential factors such as education, health and living standard of people. It is observed that most of the studies have conducted and adhered regarding monetary poverty. The data have been obtained from the ‘Pakistan Social and Living Standard Management’ (PSLM) statistical survey. The finding of this analysis shows that, during all periods, MDPT in Pakistan remained significantly more in rural areas compared to urban regions. This empirical analysis provides an integrating technique adopting MDPT to overcome the socio-economic issues, which rapidly upsurge in Pakistan. Furthermore, it is a fundamental obligation of the state to provide sustainable and millennium development necessities of life such as food, health, water and education to meet the global standards of well-being of their people.

scholarly journals Factors affecting households’ choice of cooking energy in Enugu State, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
N.A. Onyekuru ◽  
C.A. Ifejirika ◽  
D.M. Onuigbo ◽  
R.A. Mebo ◽  
E.C. Eboh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
T Test ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Cooking Energy ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Fire Accident

Households need energy for various activities, chief among these is cooking, which accounts for a greater percentage of the total domestic energy consumption. In Nigeria, household cooking energy accounts for a major part of the total energy consumed. This study was designed to explore the determinants of cooking energy use and preferences among households in Enugu State, Nigeria. Specifically, the aims of the study were; to ascertain the differences in the quantities of cooking energy sources used by households, determine the preferences of each of the energy sources by the households, reasons for preferences for each of the energy sources, and the problems associated with the use of each of the energy source. Multistage sampling technique was adopted in this study. One hundred and sixty-six respondents were used for the study. Primary data were collected and analyzed using a t-test and descriptive statistics. Results showed that the mean quantities of kerosene used in the rural and urban areas were about 26 and 36 litres per month that of fuel wood were about 231 and 306 kg, respectively. The t-test result showed that there exist significant differences between the quantities of kerosene and fuel wood used in the rural and urban areas. The likert-type scale result showed that the cooking energy with the highest perceived level of efficiency was liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), while the energy with the highest level of preference was kerosene. The major reasons for the preference for LPG was because it cooks fast and clean, that of kerosene was lower chances of fire accident than LPG. For fuel wood, preference was due to fast cooking and better taste of food, while that of charcoal was due to clean cooking and reduced cases of fire accident. The major constraints militating against the use of different cooking energy sources, even when they are  preferred, were scarcity, expensiveness and risk of fire outbreak for LPG and kerosene, while for fuel wood and charcoal, they were pollution and  the fact that it produces a lot of black soot. There is need to implement incentive-based policies to encourage the use of LPG and kerosene, through targeted subsidies and cost reduction. Key words: energy consumption, efficiency, preference, pollution, income

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