Evaluation of factors affecting the sorption of sulfur dioxide by FIBAN fibrous anion exchangers

The sorption of sulfur dioxide from the air by the fibrous anion exchangers containing amino groups of different structure and basicity has been comparatively investigated. The most effective sorbents of sulfur dioxide are the anion exchangers with ternary amino groups, which have a high exchange capacity (more than 5 meq/g) and additionally contain secondary amino groups. The anion exchangers with high-base amino groups absorb sulfur dioxide at low relative humidity (30 %) but have low dynamic sorption capicity (up to 1.3 meq/g). The anion exchangers with primary and secondary amino groups absorb sulfur dioxide at high relative humidity (more than 54 %) if their cation exchange capacity is several times less than the anion exchange capacity.

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Exchange Characteristics of Lead, Zinc, and Cadmium in Selected Tropical Soils

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2014/428569 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tope O. Bolanle-Ojo ◽

Abiodun D. Joshua ◽

Opeyemi A. Agbo-Adediran ◽

Ademola S. Ogundana ◽

Kayode A. Aiyeyika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Exchange Reactions ◽

Soil System ◽

Soil Systems ◽

Wide Range ◽

Lead Zinc ◽

High Base

Conducting binary-exchange experiments is a common way to identify cationic preferences of exchangeable phases in soil. Cation exchange reactions and thermodynamic studies of Pb2+/Ca2+, Cd2+/Ca2+, and Zn2+/Ca2+were carried out on three surface (0–30 cm) soil samples from Adamawa and Niger States in Nigeria using the batch method. The physicochemical properties studies of the soils showed that the soils have neutral pH values, low organic matter contents, low exchangeable bases, and low effective cation exchange capacity (mean: 3.27 cmolc kg−1) but relatively high base saturations (≫50%) with an average of 75.9%. The amount of cations sorbed in all cases did not exceed the soils cation exchange capacity (CEC) values, except for Pb sorption in the entisol-AD2 and alfisol-AD3, where the CEC were exceeded at high Pb loading. Calculated selectivity coefficients were greater than unity across a wide range of exchanger phase composition, indicating a preference for these cations over Ca2+. TheKeqvalues obtained in this work were all positive, indicating that the exchange reactions were favoured and equally feasible. These values indicated that the Ca/soil systems were readily converted to the cation/soil system. The thermodynamic parameters calculated for the exchange of these cations were generally low, but values suggest spontaneous reactions.

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Aluminum and iron biomass pretreatment impacts on biochar anion exchange capacity

Carbon ◽

10.1016/j.carbon.2017.03.056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 ◽

pp. 422-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Michael Lawrinenko ◽

Dapeng Jing ◽

Chumki Banik ◽

David A. Laird

Keyword(s):

Anion Exchange ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Biomass Pretreatment ◽

Anion Exchange Capacity

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EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON GROWING HYDROPONICS MAIZE FODDER USING LOW-COST GREENHOUSE CULTIVATING UNIT FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION.

10.36106/ijsr/0431788 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 71-72

Author(s):

Adamu, B. ◽

Abdullahi, S. ◽

Saidu, S. G ◽

Yustus Sunday Francis

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Production System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Production Water ◽

Fodder Production ◽

Food Requirement ◽

Greenhouse Cultivation ◽

Near Future

The term 'Hydroponics' was derived from Greek words 'hydro' means water and 'ponics' means labor. Hydroponic is a modern agricultural technique that uses nutrient solution rather than soil solution for fodder production. As population increases the food demand also increased, the existing system of agriculture will not be able to meet the food requirement in the near future due to environmental challenges in the industry. The major environmental factors affecting the hydroponics production system are; Temperature, relative humidity, and light. The objectives of this studies are to examine the hydroponics greenhouse technologies, impact of environmental factors on hydroponics greenhouse cultivation and challenges of growing on hydroponics greenhouse system. This study revealed that hydroponics greenhouse cultivation is a better option for improved fodder production, water utilization, palatability and digestibility.

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THE STRUCTURE OF THE COLLODION MEMBRANE AND ITS ELECTRICAL BEHAVIOR

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.27.5.433 ◽

1944 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 433-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Karl Sollner ◽

Joan Anderman

Keyword(s):

Solvent Mixture ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Acid Number ◽

Electrochemical Activity ◽

Time Base ◽

Equivalent Weight ◽

Base Exchange ◽

Electrochemically Active ◽

Organic Solvent Mixture ◽

High Base

1. The electrochemical behavior ("activity") of collodion membranes depends upon acidic, dissociable groups located in the interstices of the membranes. The active groups can be determined by base exchange measurements. High base exchange capacity is always found with preparations of great "electrochemical activity;" medium and low base exchange capacities occur with electrochemically active as well as with inactive preparations. The observed base exchange capacity is determined by two factors: the inherent acidity of the collodion (its mean equivalent weight) and the submicroscopic micellar structure of the collodion. A comparison of the base exchange capacity of various collodion preparations and their inherent acidities therefore allows certain conclusions to be drawn concerning the relative availability of the micellar surfaces in the different preparations. 2. The inherent acidity of various collodion preparations, their "acid number," was determined by electrometric titration. Collodion in the acidic state, i.e. after exchange of all other cations for H+ ions, was titrated in an organic solvent mixture with alcoholic KOH using a quinhydrone electrode. Details of the experimental procedure are given in the paper. The acid numbers, expressed in milliliters of 0.01 N KOH per gram dry collodion, vary from 1.0 for a highly purified collodion preparation of very low electrochemical activity to 3.3 for a highly oxidized sample of very high activity. Acid numbers of about 1.5 (corresponding to an equivalent weight of about 67,000) are found both with inactive commercial and with fairly active oxidized preparations. The base exchange capacity of the same preparations in the fibrous state as measured after 48 hours of exchange time varies from 0.0013 ml. 0.01 N NaOH per gm. dry collodion for the most inactive preparation up to 0.26 ml. 0.01 N NaOH per gm. for the most active preparation. Thus the acid numbers over the whole range investigated differ only in the ratio of 1:3.3, whereas the base exchange values differ in the range of 1:200. 3. In the inactive preparation only one in 770 acid groups is available for base exchange, in the most active collodion one group in 13; values between these extremes are found with commercial and alcohol purified oxidized preparations. 4. The high base exchange capacity of the electrochemically active preparations is not so much due to their higher acid number as to their more open structure. This difference in structure is ascribed to the presence of a small fraction of low molecular weight material which inhibits normal formation and arrangement of the micelles. 5. Short time base exchange experiments with fibrous collodion indicate that the number of acid groups available for the typical electrochemical membrane functions may be estimated to be about 50 to 1000 times less numerous than those found in the 48 hour base exchange experiments. It is estimated that in membranes prepared even from the most active collodion not more than one in 500 acid groups may be available for the typical membrane functions; with the less active preparations this ratio is estimated to be as high as one in 1,000,000 or more.

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Environmental Factors Affecting the Diversity and Photosynthetic Pigments of Trentepohlia Species in Northern Thailand’s Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.8912 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Santi Saraphol ◽

Srunya Vajrodaya ◽

Ekaphan Kraichak ◽

Anchalee Sirikhachornkit ◽

Nuttha Sanevas

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Winter Season ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Carotene Content ◽

Factors Affecting

This study addressed the environmental factors that affect Trentepohlia spp. in the Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary at altitudes of 399 to 1,503 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.) during the rainy, winter, and summer seasons. Species were identified using characteristic morphological identification. The influence of environmental factors on the algae was analyzed using a statistical program, and seasonal changes in the quantity of photosynthetic pigments in the dominant species were evaluated. The average relative humidity was 69.34 ± 12.90%, the average temperature was 26.23 ± 3.79 °C, and the average light intensity was 139.78 ± 42.21 µmol photon m−2 s−1. Thirteen species were found: Trentepohlia chapmanii, Trentepohlia sp. 1, Trentepohlia sp. 2, Trentepohlia sundarbanensis, Trentepohlia sp. 3, Trentepohlia rigidula, Trentepohlia sp. 4, Trentepohlia effusa, Trentepohlia monilia, Trentepohlia abietina, Trentepohlia sp. 5, Trentepohlia aurea, and Trentepohlia umbrina. The largest number of species (seven to nine) were found at lower altitudes, from 473 to 517 m a.s.l. Species diversity was greatest in the winter season (13 species). Species found at low attitude were grouped together (Group 1) and had the greatest diversity, and the remaining species were divided into Groups 2, 3, and 4. Environmental factors had both positive and negative influences on the species, especially T. chapmanii, which was found below 1,003 m a.s.l., and T. monilia, which was found in areas with a high relative humidity of 74.50% to 83.93%. The ratio of the total carotenoids to chlorophyll of T. rigidula, the dominant species, was relatively high at 4.96:1, and the β-carotene content (46.89 %w/w) was highest during winter.

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Dynamická sorpční kapacita malých ochranných filtrů – průmyslové škodliviny

Krízový manažment ◽

10.26552/krm.c.2021.1.23-31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 23-31

Author(s):

Vlastimil Sýkora ◽

◽

Čestmír Hylák

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Sorption Capacity ◽

Sulphur Dioxide ◽

Test Substance ◽

Civil Protection ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Dynamic Sorption ◽

Input Parameters

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of input parameters on the value of dynamic sorption capacity of small protective filters used in the civil protection of the Czech Republic. Relative humidity, the concentration of the test substance/air mixture, type of filter, year of manufacture, batch and type of sorbent, were used as the monitored parameters. The measurements were performed using a gas-air mixture bas ed on cyclohexane, ammonia, sulphur dioxide, chlorine and sulfane. MOF, MOF-2, MOF-4, MOF-5 and MOF-6-M filters were used for the measurements. It has been detected that the tested filters in many cases meet the requirements of the relevant Standard for sorption capacity, namely in cases of cyclohexane, sulfane and sulphur dioxide. It has also been established that MOF-4 filters containing medium-grained sorbent SZS-1000 attained lower values of sorption capacity than filters with CHS-5 sorbent.

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Nutritional Changes and Early Warning of Moldy Rice under Different Relative Humidity and Storage Temperature

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods11020185 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 185

Author(s):

Jing Du ◽

Yingxue Lin ◽

Yuan Gao ◽

Yanyan Tian ◽

Jixiang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Early Warning ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Starch Content ◽

Protein Secondary Structure ◽

Principal Component ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Total Starch

Processed unhusked rice is prone to mildew during storage. In this study, the storage conditions were simulated at temperatures of 20, 30, and 35 °C and a relative humidity of 40%, 60% and 80%, respectively. The water, fatty acid, and total starch content and the peak viscosity, mold colony number, protein secondary structure, and spatial structure of rice were monitored in order to propose the critical point of mildew during storage. In the process of rice from lively to moldy, the water content, fatty acid contents and the peak viscosity were increased. The total starch content decreased and then showed a slow increasing trend, while the microstructure of the powder particles changed from smooth and complete to loosen and hollow. With the increase in storage time, the vibration of the amide Ⅰ band of the rice samples decreased slightly, indicating that the total contents of β-fold, β-turn, α-helix, and random curl of the rice protein also changed. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis showed that rice mildew index was closely related to temperature and humidity during storage. In our investigation, the best and most suitable temperature and relative humidity for rice storge is 20 °C and 40%, respectively. These results suggested that temperature and environmental humidity are vital factors affecting the physicochemical properties and nutrient changes, which provides a theoretical basis for the early warning of rice mildew during storage.

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Peran Vegetasi Dominan Pada Karakteristik Tanah di Lahan Bera, Kampung Womnowi, Distrik Sidey, Manokwari

JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS ◽

10.29303/jbt.v20i2.1899 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 227

Author(s):

Slamet Arif Susanto ◽

Heru Joko Budirianto ◽

Agatha Cecilia Maturbongs

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Fallow Land ◽

Dracontomelon Dao ◽

High Base ◽

Important Value Index ◽

Lansium Domesticum ◽

Very High

Abstrak: Selama proses suksesi, vegetasi merupakan satu dari komponen utama untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan peran vegetasi dominan pada karakteristik tanah di lahan bera berumur 15 tahun Kampung Womnowi, Distrik Sidey, Manokwari. Vegetasi dominan ditentukan berdasarkan data indeks nilai penting (INP) analisis vegetasi. Sampel tanah diambil secara komposit pada luasan lahan 1 hektar dari dua kedalaman tanah (0–10 cm dan 10–20 cm). Vegetasi yang mendominasi lahan bera secara berurutan adalah Pometia pinnata, Dracontomelon dao, Octomeles sumatrana, Lansium domesticum, dan Pimelodendron amboinicum. Kehadiran O. sumatrana mengindikasikan lahan bera tanah aluvial, lebih lanjut terbukti karena lahan bera tersebut berdekatan dengan Sungai Womnowi. Karakteristik fisik tanah didominasi oleh fraksi lempung dan unsur makro lebih tinggi pada kedalaman 0–10 cm dibanding kedalaman 10–20 cm. Karakteristik tanah menunjukkan bahwa tanah tergolong masam (pH 5.4–5.6), kadar karbon organik tanah sedang (1.07–3.39%), kadar nitrogen total rendah (0.17–0.53%), kadar fosfor tersedia tergolong tinggi (10.7–22.4 ppm), kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) tergolong tinggi (10.50–20.32 cmol kg-1), kejenuhan basa tergolong sangat tinggi (65.4–66.7%), dan kadar Al3+ and H+ sangat rendah. Secara keseluruhan urutan KTK menunjukkan Ca > Mg > Na > K yang mengonfirmasi tanah aluvial dan pencucian kalium terjadi dengan cepat. Rendahnya kadar kalium dapat dihubungkan dengan penggunaan unsur tersebut untuk pembentukan buah L. domesticum. Selama pemberaan 15 tahun, vegetasi dominan memengaruhi karakteristik tanah.Kata kunci: vegetasi pohon, kesuburan tanah, analisis tanah, aluvial, Papua BaratAbstract: During succesional season vegetation is one of major compound to increase soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyzed and description dominant vegetation and their contribution to soil characteristic at fallow land 15 years old Womnowi Village, Sidey District, Manokwari. To determine dominant vegetations we used data important value index (IVI) of vegetation. Two depth of sample soils (0–10 cm dan 10–20 cm) were taken from one hectare area by composite technique. The dominant vegetation on fallow land dominated by Pometia pinnata, Dracontomelon dao, Octomeles sumatrana, Lansium domesticum, and Pimelodendron amboinicum respectively. Presence of O. sumatrana was indicated that the type of aluvial fallow land, further it is proven because the fallow land is close to the Womnowi River. Soil physical characteristic dominated by clay fractions, macronutrient was higher in depth 0-10 cm than 10-20 cm. Characteristic of soil shows acidic soils (pH 5.4–5.6), moderate of soil organic carbon (1.07–3.39%), total of nitrogen was low (0.17–0.53%), high available phosphorus (10.7–22.4 ppm), moderate cation exchange capacity (CEC) (10.50–20.32 cmol kg-1), very high base saturation (65.4–66.7%), and very lows of Al3+ and H+. Overall the order of CEC shows Ca > Mg > Na > K respectively confirmed aluvial soil and fast leached potassium in soil. Low potassium levels are thought be related to the use of the element for fruits formation of L. domesticum. During 15 year fallowed, dominant vegetation had influence to soil characteristic.Key words: tree vegetation, soil fertility, soil analysis, alluvial, West Papua

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