scholarly journals ANALISIS HUBUNGAN TINGKAT SERANGAN HAMA BELALANG KEMBARA (LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MANILENSIS MEYEN) DENGAN CURAH HUJAN(ANALYSIS ON INFESTATION OF LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MANILENSIS MEYEN BASED ON RAINFALL DATA)

Agromet ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonny Koesmaryono ◽  
Hana F.T. ◽  
Yusmin .
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Manilensis ◽  
North And South

Rainfall has an important role in the incidence of insect pests infestation, such as of locust grasshopper (Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen). There are some provinces experience of locust grasshopper infestation, i.e. South Sumatera, Lampung, West and East Nusa Tenggara, North and South Sulawesi, West and Central Kalimantan. Generally, cropping season period of April–September and October-March shows a difference influence on the infestation of locust grasshopper. Most of districts in the provinces indicated that locust infestation increases in October–March cropping season, except in South Sulawesi it increases in April–September period. The analysis of correlation between rainfall and locust infestation applied in various timelags. The timelag was determined correspond with the life stage of locust, i.e. egg–hatching–nymphal–early imago–mating–active imago stage. The life stage of locust most influenced by rainfall and correspond with feed availability were active imago stage (in 9 districts) and egg stage (in 6 districts). The increase of rainfall during egg stage tend to suppress the infestation of locust, while during active imago stage the influence of rainfall tend to increase the infestation. The influence of rainfall closely correlated to locust infestation occurs in OKU, Central and South Lampung, West and East Sumba and West Ketawang.

scholarly journals BIOLOGI DAN TRANSFORMASI BELALANG KEMBARA LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MANILENSIS MEYEN (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) PADA BEBERAPA TINGKAT KEPADATAN POPULASI DI LABORATORIUM

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Hamim Sudarsono ◽  
Rosma Hasibuan ◽  
Damayanti Buchori
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Green House ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Manilensis

Biology and Transformation of the Migratory Locust Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen (Orthoptera: Acrididae) at Several Laboratory Population Density Levels.  The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is one of insect pests in Indonesia that undergoes a unique polymorphic biology.  The locust develops a transformation phase which is triggered mainly by high population density.  Its recent outbreaks in several regions of Indonesia cause major concern and control strategies must be developed to strengthen control efforts in the future. Its unique polymorphic phenomenon, therefore, must be investigated thoroughly for the basis of management of the outbreak.  Due to its agility and its long range flying ability, the most realistic technique to study behavioral and morphological change of the locust is in controlled condition at a laboratory or a green house facility. The experiment was aimed to study effects of colony densities on the biology and transformation process of the migratory locust.  More specifically, the experiment was to study effects of population density on the feeding activity, mortality rate, and the ratio of F/C and E/F of the migratory locust L. migratoria manilensis.  The population densities were simulated in colonies at 2, 5, 10, 20, dan 30 couples per cage (cage size: 45x45x90 cm) reared in a green house. Results of the experiment show that, in general, higher densities of the migratory locust colonies tended to feed more rigorously than those of the less dense colonies.  The locust remained in solitary phase at the density of 2-5 couples per cage whereas the transient phase occured at the density of 10-20 couples per cage.  The colonies transformed to gregarious stage when their densities were 30 couples per cage or higher.  Mortality percentage tended to be higher at colonies with higher density, especially for the third instar of the migratory locust. 

scholarly journals Effects of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae on the Mortality and Immune Response of Locusta migratoria

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuji Jiang ◽  
Yifan Peng ◽  
Jiayi Ye ◽  
Yiyi Wen ◽  
Gexin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Manilensis

Entomopathogenic fungi are the key regulators of insect populations and some of them are important biological agents used in integrated pest management strategies. Compared with their ability to become resistant to insecticides, insect pests do not easily become resistant to the infection by entomopathogenic fungi. In this study, we evaluated the mortality and immune response of the serious crop pest Locusta migratoria manilensis after exposure to a new entomopathogenic fungus strain, Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421. M. anisopliae CQMa421 could effectively infect and kill the L. migratoria adults and nymphs. The locust LT50 under 1 × 108 conidia/mL concentration of M. anisopliae was much lower than that under conidial concentration 1 × 105 conidia/mL (i.e., 6.0 vs. 11.2 and 5.0 vs. 13.8 for adults and nymphs, respectively). The LC50 (log10) of M. anisopliae against locust adults and nymphs after 10 days was 5.2 and 5.6, respectively. Although the number of hemocytes in L. migratoria after exposure to M. anisopliae did not differ with that in the controls, the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and prophenoloxidase (ProPO) did differ between the two treatments. The activities of both SOD and ProPO under the M. anisopliae treatment were lower than that in the controls, except for the ProPO activity at 72 h and the SOD activity at 96 h. Further, the expression of the L. migratoria immune-related genes defensin, spaetzle, and attacin differed after exposure to M. anisopliae for 24 h to 96 h. Taken together, this study indicated that infection with M. anisopliae CQMa421 could cause the death of L. migratoria by interacting with the immune responses of the host, demonstrating that this fungal strain of M. anisopliae can be an efficient biocontrol agent against L. migratoria.

scholarly journals STUDI PENGEMBANGAN MODEL HIDROGRAF SATUAN SISTETIS SNYDER UNTUK SUNGAI –SUNGAI DI SULAWESI SELATAN

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
MUHAMAD YAMIN
Keyword(s):  
Model Verification ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Observation Unit ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Watershed Characteristics ◽  
Testing Model ◽  
South Sulawesi

This study aims to analyze the parameters that influence the Snyder synthetic unit hydrograph method. The study was conducted on 11 watersheds in South Sulawesi Province, 8 watersheds for modeling and 3 other watersheds for reliability testing (model verification).     With rainfall data, the discharge data and watershed characteristics obtained from each watershed were analyzed for parameters that affected the hydrograph breakdown of the Snyder HSS method. Then compared to the hydrograph of the observation unit which was analyzed by the Collins method.     After calibration was done with the NASH criteria obtained Peak Time (Tp) = 97.996%; Peak Discharge (Qp) = 98.331% and Basic Time (Tb) = 99.700%. The curved delineation of the hydrograph uses the auxiliary point W, which gives the result of volume deviation, namely: 7.980%, 9.227%; 6.855%; 4.966%; 10.972% and 9.843% are relatively small when compared to the model using Alexejeyev Arch with deviations: 22.362%; 29.991%; 26,319%; 19.602%; 29,786% and 17,633%.

scholarly journals HYD3, a conidial hydrophobin of the fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium acridum induces the immunity of its specialist host locust

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Jiang ◽  
Petros Ligoxygakis ◽  
Yuxian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Metarhizium Acridum ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogen ◽  
Conidial Surface ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Manilensis

AbstractConidial hydrophobins in fungal pathogens of plants1,2, insects3,4, and humans5,6 are required for fungal attachment and are associated with high virulence. They are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of infection by preventing immune recognition5,6. Here, we refute this generalisation offering a more nuanced analysis. We show that MacHYD3, a hydrophobin located on the conidial surface of the specialist entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum, activates specifically the humoral and cellular immunity of its own host insect, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) but not that of other non-host insects. When topically applied to the cuticle, purified MacHYD3 improved the resistance of locusts to both specialist and generalist fungal pathogens but had no effect on the fungal resistance of other insects, including Spodoptera frugiperda and Galleria mellonella. Hydrophobins extracted from the generalist fungal pathogens M. anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana had no effect on the resistance of locusts to fungal infection. Thus, the host locust has evolved to recognize the conidial hydrophobin of its specialist fungal pathogen, whereas conidial hydrophobins from generalist fungi are able to evade recognition. Our results distinguish the immunogenic potential of conidial hydrophobins between specialist and generalist fungi.

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