Eco-Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran:  A Systematic Review

AbstractObjectivesLeishmaniasis is a neglected and widespread parasitic disease that can lead to serious health problems. The current review study aimed to synthesize the relationship between ecologic and environmental factors (e.g., weather conditions, climatology, temperature and topology) and the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Old World.ContentA systematic review was conducted based on English, and Persian articles published from 2015 to 2020 in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Keywords used to search articles were leishmaniasis, environmental factors, weather condition, soil, temperature, land cover, ecologic* and topogr*. All articles were selected and assessed for eligibility according to the titles or abstracts. The quality screening process of articles was carried out by two independent authors. The selected articles were checked according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Summary and outlookA total of 827 relevant records in 2015–2020 were searched and after evaluating the articles, 23 articles met the eligibility criteria; finally, 14 full-text articles were included in the systematic review. Two different categories of ecologic/environmental factors (weather conditions, temperature, rainfall/precipitation and humidity) and land characteristics (land cover, slope, elevation and altitude, earthquake and cattle sheds) were the most important factors associated with CL incidence.ConclusionsTemperature and rainfall play an important role in the seasonal cycle of CL as many CL cases occurred in arid and semiarid areas in the Old World. Moreover, given the findings of this study regarding the effect of weather conditions on CL, it can be concluded that designing an early warning system is necessary to predict the incidence of CL based on different weather conditions.

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Environmental and socioeconomic risk factors associated with visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-019-06575-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 119 (2) ◽

pp. 365-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nerida Nadia H. Valero ◽

María Uriarte

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Socioeconomic Risk ◽

Socioeconomic Risk Factors

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Relationship Between the Distribution and Biodiversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) With the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Foci of Golestan Province, Iran

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 1768-1774

Author(s):

Aioub Sofizadeh ◽

Kamran Akbarzadeh ◽

Ehsan Allah Kalteh ◽

Fatemeh Karimi

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Light Traps ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Golestan Province ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is prevalent in Golestan Province, Iran. The current study determined the relationship between the distribution and biodiversity of sand flies with cutaneous leishmaniasis at 14 villages in plain and hillsides areas. In each village from July to September 2017, 60 sticky traps and 2 CDC light traps were laid. Spearman and Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of different species of sand flies. Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Evenness, and Margalef indices were calculated to estimate the diversity of species. A total of 5,295 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, comprising 10 species of the genus Phlebotomus (3,947 flies) and 7 species of genus Sergentomyia (1,248 flies). The abundance of sand flies and incidence of ZCL in plain areas were greater than that of hillsides areas (P = 0.013, P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of Phlebotomus papatasi (r = 0.72, P = 0.004) and P. caucasicus groups (P = 0.006; 0.022). In the Shannon-Wiener index, the rest of the biodiversity indices were reduced in higher-altitude areas. Increasing Shannon-Wiener index showed higher diversity of sand flies in higher-altitude areas. Data of the reported cases of leishmaniasis in plain areas can reveal the relationship between less diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), higher dominant diversity index (Simpson), and incidence of leishmaniasis in these areas.

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Is there an association between cutaneous leishmaniasis and skin cancer? A systematic review

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15367.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco ◽

J. Gonzalo Acevedo-Rodriguez ◽

Carlos Altez-Fernandez ◽

Karol Ortiz-Acha ◽

Cesar Ugarte-Gil

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Case Reports ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Neglected Diseases ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Co Morbidity

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a prevalent communicable disease in low- and middle-income countries, where non-communicable diseases like skin cancer are on the rise. However, the study of multi-morbidity or co-morbidity between communicable and non-communicable diseases is limited, and even null for some tropical or neglected diseases. Nevertheless, looking at these conditions together instead of as isolated entities in places where these illnesses exist, could show new prevention and treatment paths. We aimed to summarize and critically appraise the epidemiological evidence on the association between cutaneous leishmaniasis and skin cancer. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review using five search engines (Embase, Medline, Global Health, Scopus and Web of Science). We sought observational studies in which the outcome was skin cancer whilst the exposure was cutaneous leishmaniasis; these conditions should have had laboratory or pathology confirmation. Results: No epidemiological investigations have studied the association between cutaneous leishmaniasis and skin cancer. Most of the evidence about the association of interest is still based on case reports and other clinical observations rather than strong epidemiological observational studies. Conclusions: Research is much needed to verify the repeatedly clinical observation that cutaneous leishmaniasis may be a risk factor for skin cancer. This evidence could inform and guide early diagnosis or prevention of skin cancer in survivors of cutaneous leishmaniasis or where cutaneous leishmaniasis is still highly prevalent. Registration: PROSPERO ID CRD42018111230; registered on 16/10/18.

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Economic evaluations in cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review of literature 1980-2015

Revista de Economía del Caribe ◽

10.14482/ecoca.20.8580 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 52-70

Author(s):

Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias ◽

◽

Diana Astrid Patiño-Martínez ◽

Liliana López Carvajal ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Economic Evaluations ◽

Review Of Literature

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Geographic Information System-Based Analysis of the Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, North-East of Iran

Zoonoses and Public Health ◽

10.1111/zph.12109 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Mollalo ◽

A. Alimohammadi ◽

M. R. Shirzadi ◽

M. R. Malek

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Geographic Information System ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Geographic Information ◽

North East ◽

Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

East Of Iran ◽

Golestan Province ◽

Spatio Temporal

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Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran (2000-2016): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526520666200601164850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Sajjad Panahi ◽

Milad Abbasi ◽

Kourosh Sayehmiri ◽

Sadegh Safaripour ◽

Jahangir Abdi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Literature Search ◽

Reference Lists ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Age Group ◽

Epidemiological Features ◽

Geographical Locations

: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis affecting humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and epidemiological features of CL in Iran by a systematic review and meta-analysis. The literature search was performed in the SID, Magiran, IranDoc, PubMed, Scopus, Medlib, as well as the Google Scholar search engine databases to find studies on the prevalence of CL. The reference lists of the found articles were also reviewed to obtain additional relevant articles. Studies that were related to treatment and reservoirs of CL were excluded. Forty-four studies were selected for final analysis. Metaanalysis with random effects model showed that the prevalence of leishmaniasis in Iran was 77 per 100,000 population. Overall, 60% of the patients were men. Most cases of CL occurred in autumn, and majority of the patients had one lesion mostly on hands. The most common age group was 20-30 years. In conclusion, CL is an endemic disease in Iran, and its prevalence is largely affected by geographical locations and regional customs. Appropriate preventing measures should be considered to decrease the incidence of CL in Iran.

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