State of Saxaul Plantations in Kazakhstan’s Section of the Aral Sea Region

The article aims to assess the survival rate of saxaul plantations on the dry seabed of the Aral Sea (DSAS) and these close to the villages along the original seacoast. Protective black saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron) plantations on the DSAS were established in the course of 2009-2019 with the grant support of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS), Japan’s environmental funds, UNDP Kazakhstan, as well as under the Grass-Roots Program of the Embassy of Japan in Kazakhstan. During September 1-14, 2020, the target plantation plots at 24 sites adjacent to the villages of Aralkum and Karateren underwent examination, including forest surveying, projected species cover determination, as well as seed regeneration and survival rate assessment. The findings of 2020 revealed the varying condition of target saxaul plantations. Thus, the survival rate of saxaul inside forest plantations ranged between 0.12 and 78.0%. The actual number of saxaul trees varied from 1 (one) to 1,000 per ha on the DSAS and from 888 to 2,633 per ha in Aralkum village. The novelty of the obtained results is due to the fact that they clearly demonstrate that the survival rate and development of forest plantations, as well as saxaul seed self-renewal, above all, depend on the overall ecological conditions at specific sites. Saxaul demonstrated the best survival rate and growth at the sites with sandy loam and saline light loamy soils with sandy cover, and the worst – at the sites with crusty and takyr (dry-type playa) saline soils.

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Forest Plantations on the Drained Bottom of the Aral Sea

Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal) ◽

10.37482/0536-1036-2020-2-51-59 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 51-59

Author(s):

N.J. Bakirov ◽

◽

A.Kh. Khamzaev ◽

Z.B. Novitskiy ◽

Keyword(s):

Aral Sea ◽

Forest Plantations

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RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF THE GROWTH OF ARTIFICIAL MELIORATIVE PLANTATIONS OF BLACK SAXAUL ON HEAVY SALINE SOILS OF THE DRAINED BOTTOM OF THE ARAL SEA

Bulletin of Agrarian Science ◽

10.15217/issn2587-666x.2017.5.41 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (68) ◽

pp. 41-49

Author(s):

S.A. Kabanova ◽

◽

V.P. Aleka ◽

P.F. Shakhmatov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aral Sea ◽

Saline Soils ◽

Black Saxaul

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Experience in the Creation of Forest Plantations Using Container Seedlings

Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal) ◽

10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-192-200 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 192-200

Author(s):

Nikita M. Debkov ◽

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Test Site ◽

Forest Plantations ◽

Site Location ◽

Untreated Soil ◽

Container Seedlings ◽

Planting Material ◽

Tomsk Region ◽

Standard Values ◽

The Creation

Intensification of forestry requires the use of modern methods of reforestation, which include the introduction of container planting material. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the survival rate and linear growth of spruce container seedlings depending on the planting site location and the agrotechnical tending. The studies were carried out at the test site located in the Tomsk district of the Tomsk region. It was found that many planting containers store not 1 seedling, but 2–4 pcs and therefore approximately the same quantity of seedlings as in the traditional planting of container planting material. It was revealed that the height of 30–35 % of seedlings fails to fulfill the standard values, which was observed, as a rule, in the planting containers with several plants. According to the autumn inventory data, the height of plantations created by planting seedlings in the furrow bottom (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0001 > 0.05) reliably differs from the height of plantations of “mound” and “untreated soil” options. In terms of height growth, the options “mound side” and “furrow” have the best performance, also significantly different from the options “mound” and “untreated soil” (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0001 > 0.05). Survival rate below 85 % was observed in the plantings of the following options: “untreated soil”, “furrow bottom”, and “mound” with agrotechnical tending. The 3-fold tending decreased the survival rate of plantations except for planting in the mound side. Thus, the most successful option of planting is planting in the mound side. For citation: Debkov N.M. Experience in the Creation of Forest Plantations Using Container Seedlings. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 192–200. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-192-200

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Two new species of Dzhanokmenia (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from China, with first report on a host association for the genus

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.1009.57556 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1009 ◽

pp. 67-79

Author(s):

Qin Li ◽

Chao Wang ◽

Hong-Ying Hu

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Haloxylon Ammodendron ◽

Host Association ◽

Autonomous Region ◽

First Report ◽

Two New Species ◽

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ◽

Black Saxaul

Two new species of Dzhanokmenia Kostjukov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), D. stefaniolae Li, Wang & Hu, sp. nov. and D. yuxuannis Li, Wang & Hu, sp. nov., are described and illustrated from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. D. stefaniolae was reared from stem-galls made by Stefaniola sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on black saxaul, Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae); D. yuxuannis was collected by sweeping from both black saxaul and white saxaul, H. persicum, in Beishawo Desert near Fukang. A key to females of all known species of Dzhanokmenia is provided.

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EFFECT OF AGE OF TRANSPLANTS, PLASTIC MULCH AND ROW COVER ON OKRA YIELD.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.5.487g ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 487g-487

Author(s):

V. A. Khan ◽

C. Stevens ◽

J. Y. Lu ◽

M. Kabwe ◽

Z. Haung

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Growth Response ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Effect Of Age

Clear (CM) and black (BM) plastic mulch and bare soil (BS) plus VisPore (V) row cover (VCM, VBM, VBS), BM, CM and BS in combination with drip irrigation were used to evaluate the growth response of these treatment combinations on 5 and 9 wks old `Clemson Spineless' okra transplants grown in sandy loam soil. Mulched treatments significantly increased the survival rate of 5 wks old transplants while VCM and VBM treatments increased significantly the number of vegetative branches of 5 wks over 9 wks old transplants. Total and marketable yield, as well as total and marketable number of pods were significantly influenced by mulched treatments rather than by the age of transplants.

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Effect of Periodic Winter Irrigation on Salt Distribution Characteristics and Cotton Yield in Drip Irrigation under Plastic Film in Xinjiang

Water ◽

10.3390/w13182545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 2545

Author(s):

Jinping Feng ◽

Hongguang Liu ◽

Gang Wang ◽

Rumeng Tian ◽

Minghai Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Effective Means ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Salt Content ◽

Growth Period ◽

Salt Leaching ◽

Soil Salt ◽

Different Soils

Winter irrigation is an effective means of salt leaching, but the long-term effect on salinity is unclear. In 2008–2019, three different soil types of farmlands were selected as the study area by drip irrigation under film mulch combined with periodic winter irrigation in the non-growth period. The salinity of 0–150 cm as well as the survival rate and yield of cotton in the non-growth and growth periods were monitored, respectively. The mass fraction of soil salt decreased rapidly under winter irrigation, and then, the salt content in each observation layer increased with years of cultivation. After 10 years of application, the soil salt content basically stabilized at a low level. In 2008, the salinity of the 0–150 cm observation layer of loamy clay, loam, and sandy loam varied within 6–60, 10–65, and 4–22 g·kg−1; after four winter irrigations in 2019, corresponding values dropped below 5.74, 3, and 4.76 g·kg−1, respectively. The salinity returns rate of the different observation layers all exceeded 40%. The desalination rate of the different soils after four winter irrigations all exceeded 63.52%. Cotton survival rate and yield in different soils were directly proportional to each other. After the second winter irrigation, the survival rates on the different soils all exceeded 60%. The results of this study can provide technical support for the sustainable development of different types of soil, farmers’ income increase, and salinization land improvement.

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The Use of Robinia Pseudoacacia for Afforestation of Post-Mining Lands

Forestry Engineering Journal ◽

10.12737/article_59c2273cd022e3.42507886 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 151-157

Author(s):

Элла Трещевская ◽

Ella Treshchevskaya ◽

Елена Тихонова ◽

Elena Tikhonova ◽

Татьяна Малинина ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Forest Plantations ◽

Second Phase ◽

Extreme Conditions ◽

Bottom Part ◽

Cheap Method ◽

Forest Reclamation

The main causes of post-mining lands is the development of mineral deposits in the open way. Forest reclamation is the most available and cheap method of recovery of post-mining lands. To improve forest conditions, sandy and sandy-chalky embankements are formed from a two-component tehnoshem. Fertile or potentially fertile layer of different power is applied on the surface of the embankement. Robinia pseudoacacia is one of the most common tree species for forest reclamation in the extreme conditions of post-mining lands in many regions. The survival rate and growth of Robinia on the gidrootval of the Birch log of the Kursk magnetic anomaly depends on many factors like weather conditions during the vegetation period, the absolute height at various parts of gidrootval, exposition of slopes, etc. Even in unfavorable years, heavy rainfalls in May contribute to better survival of Robinia pseudoacacia. It reaches 90 % on top. The increase is 13.0-22.0 cm. More intensive growth is typical for Robinia on the slope of gidrootval. The given data indicates a higher survival rate of Robonia in the eluvial (upper) part of gidrootval. The condition of plantations is better in the eluvial and transit (middle) and in the transit-accumulative (bottom) part of the slope. Analysis of the materials reveal rather clear regularity of growth in reclamation plantations, depending on the environmental conditions. By the age of 40, plantations in extreme conditions of post-mining lands start to age, their productivity reduces .To accelerate the recovery of post-mining lands it is recommended to apply two-stage system of reclamation. In the first stage a protective forest plantations with Robinia pseudoacacia should be created. In the second phase of reclamation such spaces are subject to reconstruction to create forest plantations consisting of more valuable coniferous species, including coniferous.

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Diversity of beetles (Coleoptera) in natural and planted saxaul forests (Haloxylon ammodendron) in the South Gobi Desert, Mongolia

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.1000.56856 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1000 ◽

pp. 59-70

Author(s):

Buyanjargal Batchuluun ◽

Jens Wunderlich ◽

Michael Schmitt

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Gobi Desert ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Haloxylon Ammodendron ◽

Darkling Beetle ◽

Darkling Beetles ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Black Saxaul

We investigated species composition and diversity parameters of beetle communities in two planted saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron, black saxaul) forests in Southern Mongolia. We also studied nearby natural areas for comparison. Beetles were mainly collected by pitfall traps. 1064 individuals of 38 species of 22 genera in 4 beetle families were identified from planted plots. In comparison, a total of 1395 beetles belonging to 40 species of 24 genera in seven families were collected and identified from the natural saxaul plots. The most diverse beetle families were darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae, 18 species) and snout beetles (Curculionidae, 15 species) in planted and natural saxaul plots. We recorded several species (Apatophysis serricornis, Cephogenia chinensis, and Eumylada punctifera punctifera) which are associated with the saxaul tree. A darkling beetle, Anatolica potanini, was the dominant species in both natural and planted plots of the Nariin Zag forest. There were significant differences in the species richness and abundance between the planted and natural plots of the Ukhaa Zag forest. It is possible that the age of the plantation drove the differences. The higher values of diversity indices and species richness in the planted plots can be explained by the presence of rare species, represented by only one or two individuals. The planted plots and corresponding natural plots within each forest were more similar to each other in species composition and abundance than between forests.

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