scholarly journals Metagenomics of Mosquito-borne Flaviviruses in Various Geoclimatic Districts of Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Kashaf Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Saint Louis Encephalitis

Mosquitoes are highly active vectors capable of transmitting various pathogenic and infectious diseases to humans and animals. The present study was designed to identify the major species of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne flaviviruses (Saint Louis Encephalitis, West Nile and Dengue Viruses) prevalent in three districts of Punjab representing the three agro-geoclimatic zones viz; Multan, Chakwal and Jhang. The collected mosquitoes were stereoscopically identified to confirm the species and sex of the mosquitoes. Stereoscopic identification confirmed that female mosquitoes were 4334 out of 10675 (40.6%), 2242 out of 7296 (30%) and 2040 out of 6450 (31.6%) from districts Chakwal, Jhang and Multan, respectively. It was concluded that Culex species were present in abundance (73.2%) as compared to Aedes species (26.7%) in the selected study districts. The results of multiplex RT-PCR depicted that Dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses were prevalent in the mosquitoes of all three selected districts. However, the prevalence of mosquito-borne viruses insignificantly varied (P>0.05) among the three districts. This study has provided a better understanding of the prevailing mosquito species and mosquito-borne viruses in the study districts that can help to devise appropriate control measures

Serological survey for Saint Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus in domestic mammals in Córdoba, Argentina: are our pets potential sentinels?

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 (9) ◽  
pp. 2079-2082
Author(s):  
Luisina Currenti ◽  
Paula Tasca ◽  
María del Pilar Díaz ◽  
Marta Contigiani ◽  
Lorena Spinsanti
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Saint Louis Encephalitis

scholarly journals Keragaman Spesies Vektor Japanese encephalitis di Sekitar Kandang Babi Kabupaten Tangerang

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Riandi ◽  
Tri Wahono ◽  
Mara Ipa ◽  
Joni Hendri ◽  
Subangkit Subangkit
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Outdoor Resting

Abstract. Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that has pigs as the amplifying host. It is important to study the diversity of mosquito species around pig populations to determine the potential of Japanese encephalitis vectors in the region. This study is a cross-sectional study with a single sampling method for adult mosquitoes around pigpen in Tangerang Regency. The capture of adult mosquitoes is carried out by the outdoor resting mosquitoes collection at 18:00 - 24:00 using aspirators and light traps. Female mosquitoes were identified and subsequently tested RT-PCR for JEV. Catching results obtained 223 mosquitoes from the genus Culex, Armigeres, Aedes, Anopheles, and Mansonia with a total of 10 species. Species diversity in the pigpen area is classified as moderate (H = 1.0875 – 1.292) with Culex vishnui and Culex quinquefasciatus as the most abundant species. RT-PCR test found there’s no mosquito’s samples with positive JE RNA virus. Several species of mosquitoes found around pigpens in Tangerang District have the potential to become JEV vectors, so that control to the mosquito abundance and health of pigs is needed as a preventative measure.  Keywords: Diversity, Japanese encephalitis, pig, vector   Abstrak. Japanese encephalitis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk dan babi sebagai inang penguat. Studi keanekaragaman jenis nyamuk di sekitar populasi babi penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi vektor Japanese encephalitis pada wilayah tersebut. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan metode sampling tunggal terhadap nyamuk dewasa sekitar kandang babi di Kabupaten Tangerang. Penangkapan nyamuk dewasa dilakukan dengan metode koleksi outdoor resting pada malam hari pukul 18.00 – 24.00 menggunakan aspirator dan perangkap cahaya. Nyamuk betina diidentifikasi  dan selanjutnya diuji RT-PCR virus JE. Hasil penangkapan didapatkan 700 ekor nyamuk dari genus Culex, Armigeres, Aedes, Anopheles, dan Mansonia dengan total 10 spesies. Keanekaragaman spesies pada seluruh wilayah penelitian tergolong sedang (H=1,0875 – 1,292) dengan Culex vishnui dan Culex quinquefasciatus sebagai spesies paling melimpah. Uji RT-PCR tidak menemukan adanya sampel nyamuk positif RNA virus JE. Beberapa spesies nyamuk yang ditemukan di sekitar kandang babi di Kecamatan Panongan memiliki potensi sebagai vektor JEV sehingga diperlukan pengendalian kepadatan nyamuk dan kesehatan ternak babi terhadap JEV sebagai upaya pencegahan.  Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman, Japanese encephalitis, babi, vektor

Daily and seasonal variation in the activity of potential vector mosquitoes

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Šebesta ◽  
Ivan Gelbič ◽  
Juraj Peško
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Major Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
South Moravia

AbstractIn the course of season 2010 (May–September), three 2-day trappings of female mosquitoes were carried out at two sites in order to determine the daily activity of the common mosquito species (e.g. species from genus Culex, Aedes, Ochlerotatus, Anopheles, etc.) in the area. CDC light traps filled with CO2 and placed at a height of 1 m were used to trap individuals, and were sampled every 2 h. A total of 19,604 female mosquitoes from 20 identifiable species were trapped: 7,549 at Sedlec and 12,055 at Kančí obora. The activity of the major species of mosquitoes in South Moravia differed throughout the course of the day. Calamity species of the genus Aedes and Ochlerotatus remained active throughout the day and night, but with different course. Aedes vexans, Ae. cinereus, and Ae. rossicus were most active in the late afternoon and highly active for most of the night. Ochlerotatus sticticus was captured most often in the afternoon, and its abundance decreased rapidly before sunset. The activity of Oc. cantans s.l. (Oc. cantans + Oc. annulipes) females varied little during the day and night. The daily activity for the main vectors of West Nile virus, Culex pipiens and Cx. modestus, were totally different from that of other species. Cx. pipiens females showed significant night activity, while Cx. modestus was most active in the evening. Nighttime activity was also observed in female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.

scholarly journals Autochthonous circulation of Saint Louis encephalitis and West Nile viruses in the Province of La Rioja, Argentina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo P. Batallán ◽  
Brenda S. Konigheim ◽  
Agustín I. Quaglia ◽  
María E. Rivarola ◽  
Mauricio D. Beranek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Saint Louis Encephalitis

scholarly journals Microbiota variations in Culex nigripalpus disease vector mosquito of West Nile virus and Saint Louis Encephalitis from different geographic origins

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagne Duguma ◽  
Michael W. Hall ◽  
Chelsea T. Smartt ◽  
Mustapha Debboun ◽  
Josh D. Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Culex Nigripalpus ◽  
Saint Louis Encephalitis

Although mosquito microbiota are known to influence reproduction, nutrition, disease transmission, and pesticide resistance, the relationship between host-associated microbial community composition and geographical location is poorly understood. To begin addressing this knowledge gap, we characterized microbiota associated with adult females of Culex nigripalpus mosquito vectors of Saint Louis Encephalitis and West Nile viruses sampled from three locations in Florida (Vero Beach, Palmetto Inland, and Palmetto Coast). High-throughput sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes demonstrated significant differences among microbial communities of mosquitoes sampled from the three locations. Mosquitoes from Vero Beach (east coast Florida) were dominated by uncultivated Asaia sp. (Alphaproteobacteria), whereas microbiota associated with mosquitoes collected from two mosquito populations at Palmetto (west coast Florida) sites were dominated by uncultured Spironema culicis (Spirochaetes), Salinisphaera hydrothermalis (Gammaproteobacteria), Spiroplasma (Mollicutes), uncultured Enterobacteriaceae, Candidatus Megaira (Alphaproteobacteria; Rickettsiae), and Zymobacter (Gammaproteobacteria). The variation in taxonomic profiles of Cx. nigripalpus gut microbial communities, especially with respect to dominating taxa, is a potentially critical factor in understanding disease transmission and mosquito susceptibility to insecticides among different mosquito populations.

scholarly journals Correction to: Serologic evidence of West Nile virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus in horses from Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus N. Weber ◽  
Ana C. S. Mosena ◽  
Letícia F. Baumbach ◽  
Mariana S. da Silva ◽  
Raíssa Canova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Serologic Evidence ◽  
Saint Louis Encephalitis

scholarly journals Mosquito Vector Competence for Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Heidi Auerswald ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Maquart ◽  
Véronique Chevalier ◽  
Sebastien Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Local Climate

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic pathogen mainly found in East and Southeast Asia and transmitted by mosquitoes. The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge on the diversity of JEV mosquito vector species. Therefore, we systematically analyzed reports of JEV found in field-caught mosquitoes as well as experimental vector competence studies. Based on the investigated publications, we classified 14 species as confirmed vectors for JEV due to their documented experimental vector competence and evidence of JEV found in wild mosquitoes. Additionally, we identified 11 mosquito species, belonging to five genera, with an experimentally confirmed vector competence for JEV but lacking evidence on their JEV transmission capacity from field-caught mosquitoes. Our study highlights the diversity of confirmed and potential JEV vector species. We also emphasize the variety in the study design of vector competence investigations. To account for the diversity of the vector species and regional circumstances, JEV vector competence should be studied in the local context, using local mosquitoes with local virus strains under local climate conditions to achieve reliable data. In addition, harmonization of the design of vector competence experiments would lead to better comparable data, informing vector and disease control measures.

scholarly journals A dietary risk assessment of the pyrethroid insecticide resmethrin associated with its use for West Nile Virus mosquito vector control in California

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley C. Carr ◽  
Poorni Iyer ◽  
Derek W. Gammon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
Dietary Risk Assessment

An outbreak of human illnesses associated with West Nile Virus (WNV) occurred in New York City in 1999. Since then, it has gradually spread westwards, reaching northern California for the first time in 2005. WNV is transmitted by several mosquito species and birds serve as the main reservoir. Several control measures have been used, targeting both the aquatic larvae and the adult mosquitoes. In the latter case, roosting birds in trees are sprayed with pyrethroid insecticides because these are highly toxic to mosquitoes, but have low avian toxicity. A request was made to use a resmethrin-containing insecticide during the month of October 2005 in California. Because resmethrin was not registered for use on growing crops, concerns were raised about potential crop contamination. Therefore, an expedited dietary risk assessment was conducted on resmethrin. Developmental toxicity in the rat (NOELs of 25 or 40 mg/kg/day) was used as the acute endpoint and dietary exposure was assessed using the DEEM-FCIDTMcomputer program. Only crops growing above ground during October were considered. Margins of Safety (MOS) were found to be above 100, the level generally considered to be sufficient to protect public health when using an animal NOEL.

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