scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CONVECTIVE FIXED BED DRYING BASED ON A SOLAR COLLECTOR AND PHOTOVOLTAIC (CSD) TO THE QUALITY ATRIBUTES OF RED PEPPER COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL CONVECTIVE FIXED BED DRYING (CCD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Siti Asmaniyah Mardiyani ◽  
Sumardi Hadi Sumarlan ◽  
Bambang Dwi Argo ◽  
Amin Setyo Leksono
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Drying System

The effect of conventional convective drying (CCD) and convective solar drying (CSD) based on a solar collector and photovoltaic on the quality of dried red pepper was researched. The study was aimed to determine the effect of five drying system (CCD 50°C, CCD 60°C, CCD 70°C, CSD, and open sun drying) on the quality attributes of dried red pepper. The quality observed were rehydration ratio, ascorbic acid, capsaicin, non-enzymatic browning index, anthocyanin, and carotenoids. The results of the study confirmed that the drying system significantly affected the quality attributes of dried red pepper except for anthocyanin.  The CSD had a satisfactory result, shown by some attributes  (carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and ratio) which were not statistically different from the quality of dried red pepper gained from CCD 50°C.

scholarly journals Determination of moisture diffusivity and activation energy on fixed bed drying of red pepper (Capsicum annum) on convective solar drying

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Siti Asmaniyah Mardiyani ◽  
Sumardi Hadi Sumarlan ◽  
Bambang Dwi Argo ◽  
Amin Setyo Leksono
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Effective Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Drying Behavior

Moisture diffusivity and activation energy are two important variables in a drying process to understand a certain product's drying behavior. This study aimed to determine the value of effective moisture diffusivity and the activation energy of red pepper in a conventional forced convective drying based on electricity (conventional convective drying/CCD) and forced convective drying based on solar energy (convective solar drying/CSD). The value of effective moisture diffusivity was determined using the equation, which refers to Fick’s second law. The Arrhenius equation determines the activation energy value as a model of the relationship of inverse temperature and the normal logarithmic value of effective moisture diffusivity. The results showed that the values of effective moisture diffusivity of CCD 70 °C were the highest. The regression analysis between the drying layers (X), and effective moisture diffusivity (Y) showed a polynomial pattern with a coefficient determination R2 value of 0.85 (CCD 70 °C), 0.81 (CCD 60 °C), 0.88 (CCD 50 °C), and 0.48 (CSD). (R2) The higher moisture diffusivity values in CCD indicated that the drying systems are more stable than CSD. The drying activation energy calculation showed that the value of CCD's activation energy was 36.36 kJ/mol.K, while the value of CSD's activation energy was 31.28 kJ/mol.K. Those results were consistent with the results of the previous studies.

scholarly journals Microwave assisted convective drying of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.) at stationary and non-stationary conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Mierzwa ◽  
Justyna Szadzińska
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
High Power Microwave ◽  
Microwave Application ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
Stationary Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Power Microwave

This paper concerns hybrid drying of kale. Eight different schedules of drying were tested experimentally to find out the influence of microwave enhancement on the kinetics (drying rate and time), energy consumption of convective drying and quality of products. Different power of microwaves and modes of microwave application were tested. Quality of products was assesed through water activity and colour measurements, as well as retention of ascorbic acid. The results obtained in the studies allowed to state that intermittent application of high-power microwave pulses may lead to a meaningful reduction of drying time and high quality of the dry products.Keywords: hybrid drying; intermittent drying; kale; ascorbic acid; colour  

scholarly journals Preliminary study of drying of natural coffee by cyclical pressure changes

DYNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (214) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Alfonso Parra-Coronado ◽  
Oscar Leonardo García-Navarrete ◽  
Francy Alejandra Vanegas-Izquierdo ◽  
José Alfredo Gamboa-Gamboa ◽  
Andrés Felipe González-Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Cyclic Pressure ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Drying System ◽  
The One ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Cup Quality

A “special coffee” is obtained with an adequate drying process, which allows the preservation of volatile substances responsible for excellent cup quality. The aim was to carry out preliminary studies of drying of natural coffee by implementing a Cyclic Pressure Changes (CPCD) dryer, comparing it with solar drying and with a mechanical drying system by forced convection of low-temperature air. The drying times and rates of the systems used were compared, as well as the respective valuation of the cup quality. Drying times were 767 h for solar drying system, without reaching the desired moisture content; 153.5 h for mechanical drying system and 449 h for the CPCD system. However, the global cup tests showed a better quality of the grain obtained with the CPCD system (87 points), than the one obtained with the mechanical drying at 35°C (84 points).

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of a cabinet solar dryer for drying red pepper in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakaria Hossain ◽  
Md Masud Alam ◽  
Md Faruq Bin Hossain ◽  
MSH Sarker ◽  
Md Abdul Awal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Pepper Powder ◽  
Pepper Seed

A cabinet type solar dryer was designed and fabricated over a collector and dryer area of 4.00 m2 and 7.5 m2 respectively for the geographical condition of Bangladesh. Red pepper was used to test the performance of the dryer. The upper tray and lower tray pepper drying needed 36 and 41 h to reduce moisture from 73% (wet basis) to 10% (wet basis) respectively and found 9 kg dried pepper from 30 kg fresh red ripe pepper. In contrast, open sun drying needed 85 h to reduce moisture from 73% (wet basis) to 11% (wet basis) and produced 2.43 kg dried pepper from 8 kg red ripe pepper. The average global radiation was about 133 W/m2 while the flux incidence and flux absorbed on collector was about 128 W/m2 and 103 W/m2 respectively. The average collector and dryer efficiency was about 48% and 34% respectively. The average exergy efficiency was obtained 63%. The average rate of top, bottom and side collector loss was 37 W/m2, 20 W/m2 and 3 W/m2 respectively. The upper tray, lower tray and open sun pepper seed germination was 76%, 81% and 85% respectively (P≥0.01). The redness value of lower tray pepper (a*=27.1) was higher followed by upper tray (a*=24.7) and open sun pepper powder (a*=21.1), which means direct exposure of sunlight diminishes the quality of pepper colour. The redness value of fabricated solar drying was significantly (P≤0.01) higher than that of open sun drying.

scholarly journals РАЗРАБОТКА И ИСПЫТАНИЕ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ С ПОЛИКАРБОНАТНЫМ ПОКРЫТИЕМ ДЛЯ СУШКИ ПРОДУКТОВ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

World Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketevan Archvadze ◽  
Ilia Chachava ◽  
Ketevan Papava ◽  
Nanuli Khotenashvili ◽  
Riva Liparteliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Natural Drying

The proposed solar drying system significantly reduces the drying time and improves the quality of the product, including the preservation of vitamins. When drying rosehip, a laboratory analysis for vitamin "C" showed that 28% of this vitamin is destroyed during natural drying, and 17% when using a solar dryer.The drying speed increases by 2.5 - 4 times compared to traditional outdoor drying.In the proposed installation, you can dry different agricultural products, you can change the coating of the solar drying unit. In S/D, the air temperature is higher than in the environment from about 13 to 32 degrees Celsius, depending on weather conditions.The drying process in the S/D apparatus allows you to ensure the purity of the products. S/D is covered and during the drying process the product is not contaminated with dust and rain, by influence of dew, is not damaged by birds, insects or wasps.This device is convenient for transportation, during the day it can be moved and rotated to align to the sun.The proposed solar dryer is easy to manufacture and can be widely used in large and small farms, private and subsidiary farms.

scholarly journals Influence of drying procedure on colour and rehydration characteristic of wild asparagus

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jokić ◽  
I. Mujić ◽  
M. Martinov ◽  
D. Velić ◽  
M. Bilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Drying Procedures ◽  
C 50

The objective of this research was to examine the influence of different drying procedures on the colour quality and rehydration capacity of wild asparagus (<i>Asparagus maritimus</i> L.). Wild asparagus samples were dried using convective (40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C at the airflow velocity of 2.75 m/s), natural, and freeze (–20°C and –40°C) drying procedures. Rehydration and colour characteristics were used as indicators of the quality of the dried asparagus samples. Convective drying of asparagus resulted in the smallest colour change of the fresh material, whereby drying at 60°C presented the optimum. The best rehydration ratio was achieved when the samples were freeze dried at –40°C. Naturally dried asparagus samples resulted in a very low rehydration ratio compared to the other procedures investigated. The rehydration and appearance of the dried asparagus are two important physical factors that need special attention when designing or selecting a drying procedure. Furthermore, the influence of drying on other quality characteristics of wild asparagus, such as the content of active ingredients or microbial count, should be investigated in further studies. The investigation of economic parameters of different drying procedures should be considered as well.

scholarly journals Standardization of Optimum Planting Time on Yield and Fruit Quality of Banana var. Grand Naine under Mid Hill Condition of Arunachal Himalaya

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Thejangulie Angami ◽  
Homeswar Kalita ◽  
Jitendra Kumar ◽  
D. Ramajayam ◽  
Raghuveer Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Planting Time

A field experiment was executed during 2013-16 at ICAR Research Farm, Gori, ICAR (Research Complex) for NEH Region, Arunachal Pradesh Centre, Basar to find out the optimum planting time for yield and quality attributes of Grand Naine banana. The experiment was laid out in RBD having five treatments with four replications. The study divulged that the planting dates had a significant influence on growth, yield and fruit quality of banana. Fruits harvested from mid-may planting recorded the highest in yield based parameters viz. number of hands per bunch (13.17), number of fingers per bunch (162.63) and bunch weight (24.67 kg) respectively. However, fruits from mid-june planting exhibited the highest finger weight (148.67 g) which was statistically at par with mid-may planting (147.54 g). It was noted that plants of mid-june planting produced the maximum number of functional leaves at the shooting stage (15.38) which was found at par with mid-may planting (15.13).The fruit quality attributes like sugars, ascorbic acid, acidity were also influenced by planting times whereas it had no significant effect on TSS content of the fruits. Fruits from mid-may plant recorded the highest TSS (21.03°Brix), minimum acidity (0.23%) and highest ascorbic acid content (14.99 mg per 100 g) followed by mid-june planting with TSS, acidity and ascorbic acid content of (20.56°Brix), (0.24%) and (14.47 mg per 100 g) respectively. Starch content was found maximum in fruits from mid-august planting (2.08%) whereas, minimum starch content was recorded in fruits from mid-june planting (0.71%) inferring that mid-may is the optimum time for planting for Grand Naine variety of banana under subtropical mid-hill conditions of Arunachal Pradesh justifying future actions in the expansion of planting.

Performance of a Solar Drying System Driven by a Hybrid Power System

2012 ◽  
Vol 455-456 ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Hao Zhong ◽  
Zhi Min Li ◽  
Tong Wu ◽  
Ming Jiu Yu ◽  
Run Sheng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Chamber

To increase the production and improve the quality of dried agricultural products, a new drying system with a hybrid driving power system was developed and tested. The system with total collector area of 100m2 is consisted of 10 drying units and each of them is consisted of 5 identical air collectors and a greenhouse-like drying chamber. Each of collectors in the system is equipped with a DC fan, powered by either 120W solar modules or a 300W wind turbine, and an AC fan, directly powered by the electricity from grid. Such drying system can operate in all time of any day and avoid any possible spoilage of dried products as found in conventional solar dryers due to the formation of mould on the surface of dried materials in the events of consecutive rainy days. Field test for the drying of 9 fruits was conducted from November to December in 2005. The results indicated that the system was very effective for the drying of fruits and the solar drying time for most of the materials to be investigated was only one third of that required in the natural sun drying. Test results also showed that the nocturnal ventilation of drying chambers at the early stage of drying exercise was necessary for materials with high initial moisture content in order to further shorten the solar drying time.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality of Field-grown Tomato Fruit as Affected by Grafting with Interspecific Hybrid Rootstocks

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1618-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desire Djidonou ◽  
Amarat H. Simonne ◽  
Karen E. Koch ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Tomato Plants

In this study, the effects of grafting with interspecific hybrid rootstocks on field-grown tomato fruit quality were evaluated over a 2-year period. Fruit quality attributes from determinate ‘Florida 47’ tomato plants grafted onto either ‘Beaufort’ or ‘Multifort’ rootstocks were compared with those from non- and self-grafted controls. Grafted plants had higher fruit yields than non- and self-grafted plants, and increased production of marketable fruit by ≈41%. The increased yield was accompanied by few major differences in nutritional quality attributes measured for these fruit. Although grafting with the interspecific rootstocks led to consistently small, but significant increases of fruit moisture (≈0.6%), flavor attributes such as total titratable acidity (TTA) and the ratio of soluble solids content (SSC) to TTA were not significantly altered. Among the antioxidants evaluated, ascorbic acid concentration was reduced by 22% in fruit from grafted plants, but significant effects were not evident for either total phenolics or antioxidant capacity as assayed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Levels of carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, and lutein) were similar in fruit from grafted plants with hybrid rootstocks compared with non- and self-grafted controls. Overall, the seasonal differences outweighed the grafting effects on fruit quality attributes. This study showed that grafting with interspecific hybrid rootstocks could be an effective horticultural technique for enhancing fruit yield of tomato plants. Despite the modest reduction in ascorbic acid content associated with the use of these rootstocks, grafting did not cause major negative impacts on fruit composition or nutritional quality of fresh-market tomatoes.

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