A Historical Perspective of FDI Policy in India

LAW REVIEW ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawed Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Growth Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Huge Challenge ◽  
Study Offer

FDI is an important tool in the economic development of the nation and considered as the spine of an economy, determining its growth trajectory in a big way but India followed a very restrictive FDI in retail policy from 1991 to 2006. India opened the entryway to single brand retailers permitting outside retailers to have up to 51% ownership and six years later i.e. in 2012. Government of India declared total liberalization of the FDI retail policy approach in single brand retailing by allowing 100% FDI in single brand retail. Although the ongoing wave of incessant liberalization and globalization FDI in such frame could be huge challenge and its growth policy itself speak the history of FDI policy. Historically, the current FDI policy growth is an enormous challenge, which is the reason of the present paper. The study offer an outline summary of historical perspective of FDI policy in India with the assistance of knowledge collected from secondary sources. The secondary data has been collected from journals, research paper, newspaper, literature review and websites. In order to make an exploratory research, chosen in order to develop a profound understanding of the research topic and procure knowledge through concerning research objectives from different angles to explain it.

scholarly journals Religious tolerance in multifaith democracies: a comparative legal study of Indonesia and India

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
David Pradhan ◽  
Haris Haris
Keyword(s):  
Functional Method ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Study ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Research Article ◽  
History Of

This exploratory research Article, based on secondary sources, undertakes a comparative legal study of the Constitutional and statutory provisions as well as recent jurisprudential developments in India and Indonesia for the promotion of religious tolerance in the two diverse, multifaith democracies with a history of social conflict and highly contested religious politics. By adopting the functional method for the comparative legal analysis of the two jurisdictions from Civil Law (Indonesia) and Common Law (India) traditions, the implemental convergence and functional equivalence of the penal laws for preventing communalism and promoting inclusivity and religious amity among the different religious communities in the two States has been elucidated. At the same time, the conceptual and doctrinal differences in jurisprudential understanding of the content, extent, and mechanism for preserving inter-faith amity in the two jurisdictions have been posited to be the result of the divergences in the post-colonial historical trajectories of the two States

scholarly journals Foundation of Addis Ababa and the Emergence of Safars

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Endalew Djirata Fayisa
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this study was to reveal the impact of the eviction of the Oromo from their hereditary land of Finfinne and their possession by Menilek in the late 19th century. The study deals with the history of the transformation of Finfinne to Addis Ababa and the eviction of the Oromo from the area which followed by the emergence of different Safars. In this study, the socio-economic and political conditions of Finfinne Oromo and the surrounding are explored. After the eviction of the Oromo from Finfinne area, the settlement of different ethnic groups in the areas was also discussed. In this study the researcher attempted to employ both primary and secondary sources. The secondary data sources were collected through a brief review of related literatures by assessing published materials. The primary and unpublished data sources were collected through oral interview based on focused group and questionnaire. All these data were carefully analyzed and critically interpreted qualitatively according to the standardized rules and disciplines of social sciences. Even though some earlier attempts have been made by scholars to write the history of Finfinne, most of the areas have received only very minimal attention. Therefore, this article is an attempt to fill the gap that has been created so far by other scholars and something to contribute to the history of the foundation of Safars in Addis Ababa. The study, hence, tried to highlight the history of the foundation of different Safars until the dawn fall of the imperial regime. Certainly this study is far from being exhaustive. However, the researcher hopes it can at least serve as an introduction to give clue to the study of Finfinne history and the eviction of Oromo from the area which later on its name was changed by the imperial rule unjustifiably to Addis Ababa “New Flower”.

India-Africa Trade and Investment Cooperation for Economic Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Rajender Singh Godara ◽  
Mohamad Aslam ◽  
Gaibul Preet ◽  
Sushanta Kumar Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trade And Investment

India and Africa have a long partnership history of cooperation for economic development by trade and investment. This framework has become an essential component for development in Africa. Africa is an emerging investment and trade destination due to a large consumer market, high potential of economic growth, improving the business environment and investment regulations, and high rates of return on investment. The depth of relation of India and Africa has been reflected in the patterns of trade and investment, as well as people-to-people interactions, cultural exchanges, and cooperation at the continental and at the regional and bilateral levels. This chapter examines investment and trade patterns of India-Africa collaboration in the contemporary era of globalization. The study is based on empirical and conceptual aspects by using secondary data. An analysis uses appropriate econometric tools to make the study more relevant.

scholarly journals Economic Development and Demographic Changes in the economy of Himachal Pradesh from 1980-81 to 2010-11

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Amar Latta ◽  
Sunesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Very High

Development has been appropriately conceptualized as a process, which improves the quality of life of people. Economic planning has been used in the country as an instrument for bringing about uniform regional development because one of the main objectives of the developmental programmes has been a progressive reduction in regional disparities in the pace of development. The main objective of the paper is to study the Economic development and demographic changes in the economy of Himachal Pradesh. PCA and Coefficient of Variance methods has been used in the study. To classify the districts according to the category of economic development and demographic changes from 1980-81 to 2010-11 in the Economy of Himachal Pradesh. This paper is based on secondary data. The required data have been collected entirely from secondary sources. The analysis of economic development and demographic changes shows that Lahaul & Spiti and Kinnaur were very highly developed in the level of economic development and in the demographic changes. Three districts namely Lahaul & Spiti, Chamba and Hamirpur were very highly developed. In the economic development three districts namely Bilaspur, Solan, Hamirpur were situated in the category of highly developed and only one district Kinnaur positioned in the level of demographic changes. In 2010-11 two districts Lahaul & Spiti and Solan were very highly developed in economic developed and three districts Kinnaur, Lahaul & Spiti and Chamba were very high developed in the demographic changes. In the highly developed category four districts namely Kinnaur,  Bilaspur,  Hamirpur and Chamba were highly developed in economic development, whereas, three districts namely Hamirpur,  Bilaspur,  and Kullu were in the same category in the demographic changes.

Issues and contentions in the incursion of Islam and Christianity into Ilé-Ifè, southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 223386592110409
Author(s):  
Samuel O. Aghalino ◽  
Ayowole S. Elugbaju
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islam And Christianity

The late ninetieth century marked the period when Ilé-Ifè, the reputed cradle of the Yoruba people, witnessed the penetration of Christianity and Islam. Specifically, from the 1890s, both religions established a few years apart through several actors and factors, operated concurrently within Ilé-Ifè. However, the accounts surrounding the periods, initiators and several issues associated with the establishment of these religions have, in the history of Ilé-Ifè, become themes of contention that should be further interrogated from a historical perspective. This study employed primary and secondary data in examining the contested arguments in the narratives surrounding the incursion of these religions in Ilé-Ifè within the context of identifying pitfalls and providing a guide for future studies related to this theme. This study discovered that the issues and contentions include the primordial projection of narratives; and the conflation of the identities of the initiators of the religions, to mention a few. The study is concluded by drawing some lessons from the early peaceful coexistence between the adherents of the two religions in Ilé-Ifè.

scholarly journals The Spiritual Values of Islamic Economics in Tasawuf Modern: Scrutinizing the Work of Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (Hamka)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmad Hakim ◽  
Ahmad Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Economic Ethics ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Islamic economics has existed since the start of Islamic civilization. However, Islamic economic thoughts established by Indonesian scholars are limited. This exploratory research was carried out to determine the spiritual values of Islamic economics on Hamka's works entitled Tasawuf Modern. Primary and secondary data were collected from Hamka's works entitled Tasawuf Modern and from several papers or books that are relevant to the focus of the research. The data collected were analyzed by combining topics relevant to Islamic economics in modern Sufism and other secondary sources. Content analysis was used for data analysis. The results of this study revealed that, according to Hamka, the richest people are those that need the least. The true wealth lies in the contentment of the soul (qana'ah). Good wealth represents virtue and prohibiton for extravagancy and excessive consumerism. Further, humans need to be in between to carry out good deeds. The results of this study contribute to enriching the discourse of Islamic economic thought, especially in Islamic economic ethics and the role of ethics in business.

scholarly journals HISTORIOGRAPHY & MYTHOLOGY OF BENGAWAN SALA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Bambang Sumardjoko
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Research Show

The aims of this research are: [1]. Describing the historiographic dimension of Bengawan Sala (Solo River), [2]. Describing the mythology alive in the people’s mind along the River Sala, [3]. Formulating revitalization of historiography and mythology of Bengawan Sala which can support the development of tourism in Surakarta. This is a qualitative research making use of primary and secondary sources. Research data were collected by using in-depth interviews, guided group discussions, field observations, and a close reading method (metode simak). Triangulation of data sources was done to ensure the validity of data. Data were analyzed by using the technique of interactive model. The results of the research show that [1]. Historiography of Bengawan Sala is important and singularly valuable when it is viewed from its historical perspective. From its historiographic aspect, Bengawan Sala was a main and urgent channel of transportation before the coming of train, cars and airplanes. [2]. The meanings of mythology around Bengawan Sala, such as Kerek, Lubuk Maya, Bengawan Goa Sentana, Benawi Getas, Lubuk Werpitu, all show the “sacredness” [or “keangkeran”] of Bengawan Sala as a channel for transportation. This mythological story functions to remind all boating people through such areas to be careful because those areas are the place where two different streams from the opposite direction meet each other, or where whirl pools happen. Mythological story of Tinggang depicts the giants which already died, “ambreganggang” shortened as “Tinggang.” People believe that the big wood fossils scattered in the area are the bones of the giants which were already dead, “ambreganggang“ [or “fell down criss-crossing”]. That mythology shows that the lands around Bengawan Sala are fertile. [3]. The exploratory research gives a basic model of “Revitalization Based on the Historiography of Bengawan Sala” (or “Revitalisasi Bengawan Sala Berbasis Kesadaran Sejarah”), that is revitalization of Bengawan Sala through the historiography and mythology development of it.

scholarly journals Conflicting Policy Perspectives on Handicrafts Industry in Post Independent India

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-141
Author(s):  
Sukamal Deb
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Employment Generation

Handicrafts industry comprises diversified artistic and decorative products portfolio with its large variety and contributes significantly to the national economy by way of both exports and employment generation. The decline of productions of Handicrafts items that started during the British Role continued even in the independent India for lack of adequate support and the invasion of the machine made goods even in the rural areas. The conflicting policies in India’s handicrafts sector can be traced well right from the beginning of the Post Independence Period, which fettered its growth causing loss to human creativity, employments, earnings and exports.  Objectives - To investigate the historical perspective of Indian handicrafts during the Pre-British Period, the Period of Colonial Rule and the Post Independence Period.  To assess the growth potential of handicrafts, its Problems and to find out the steps taken to promote the sector. Methodology - The present work is a diagnostic study. The sources of data are secondary sources obtained various journals, reports and websites. Data Analysis - The data obtained are processed, interpreted and analysed through numerical calculations and graphically.   Conclusion-Handicrafts sector offers enormous prospects for increasing the opportunities for income and employments and plays an important role in the economic development.

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