Reforma energética en México: los subsidios eléctricos y su impacto en las finanzas públicas

Oikos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (40) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Gilberto Márquez De la Cruz ◽  
Maria Antonieta Andrade Vallejo ◽  
María Del Pilar Peña Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Electricity Rates

RESUMEN Este artículo describe brevemente la política de subsidios vía tarifas eléctricas que ha sido implementada en México en el periodo 2000-2014, así como el impacto negativo que ha tenido en las finanzas públicas. Asimismo sugiere mediante un análisis teórico la aplicación de una Política de Precios basada en Costos Marginales de Largo Plazo considerando criterios de equidad y distribución del ingreso que lleven a una situación de viabilidad financiera a la empresa suministradora de energía eléctrica del país.Palabras clave: tarifas eléctricas, subsidios, finanzas públicas, política de precios, costos marginales de largo plazo.Energy reform in Mexico: the electrical subsidies and their impact on public finances ABSTRACT This article briefly describes the policy of subsidies through electricity rates has been implemented in Mexico in the period 2000-2014, and the negative impact it has had on public finances. It also suggests a theoretical analysis by the application of a pricing policy based on Long Term Marginal Cost considering criteria of equity and income distribution leading to a situation of financial viability to the company supplying electricity in the country.Keywords: electricity rates, subsidies, public finances, price policy, long-term marginal costs.Reforma energética no México: os subsídios elétricos e seu impacto nas finanças públicas RESUMO Este artigo descreve brevemente a política de subsídios através de tarifas elétricas que tem sido realizada no México no período 2000-2014, bem como o impacto negativo que teve sobre as finanças públicas. Também sugere uma análise teórica com a aplicação de uma Política de Preços baseado em Custos Marginais de Longo Prazo, considerando critérios de equidade e de distribuição de renda que levam a uma situação de viabilidade financeira a empresa fornecedora de energia elétrica do país.Palavras-chave: tarifas elétricas, subsídios, finanças públicas, política de preços, custos marginais de longo prazo.

scholarly journals PRICING POLICY IN TOURISM AS ONE OF THE FACTORS IN FORMING IMAGE OF DESTINATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Валентина Ячменева ◽  
Valentina Yachmeneva ◽  
Наталья Фокина ◽  
Natalya Fokina
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Tourist Service

There are several challenges on way to the forming modern international tourist center on the territory of Crimea meeting the criteria of a year-round, demand and competitiveness. The harmonization of tourism product’s prices and its quality is the main among them. Existing currently unbalanced price policy of tourist service enterprises in the territory of the peninsula could have a negative impact on the region’s image and lead to the loss of competitive position in the market of tourist services. This explains the relevance of this study and its purpose. The research aimed at evaluating the experience of successful development of tourism in foreign destinations and analyzing the factors influencing the pricing policy of tourist service enterprises in the Crimean destinations. To achieve the objectives of the study the authors analyze the approaches to the definition of "destination" and "image". There are a variety of definitions of these terms, but they are all focused on a consumer’s comprehensive perception of tourism product. The distinctive features of main consumer of tourist services in Crimea are established. The reasons for the success of tourism in the destinations in Turkey and Egypt are analyzed. The authors have revealed that the government's efforts to support enterprises in Crimean tourism industry create preconditions for improving the quality of tourism products and the introduction of pricing policies aimed at reducing prices. The article provides an analysis of the factors influencing the pricing policy of tourist service enterprises in Crimean destinations through the method of PEST-analysis. The authors concluded that the current pricing policy of the majority of tourist service companies on the territory of the Republic of Crimea, is apart from the pricing policy of its nearest competitors, does not meet the quality of service and, therefore, does not meet the expectations of the consumers.

Fair Price Policy for Long Term Business

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Vidhusekhar P Vidhusekhar P ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Price Policy ◽  
Fair Price

scholarly journals The interplay of gender, social context, and long-term unemployment effects on subjective health trajectories

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Altweck ◽  
Stefanie Hahm ◽  
Holger Muehlan ◽  
Tobias Gfesser ◽  
Christine Ulke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Baseline Values

Abstract Background While a strong negative impact of unemployment on health has been established, the present research examined the lesser studied interplay of gender, social context and job loss on health trajectories. Methods Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel was used, which provided a representative sample of 6838 participants. Using latent growth modelling the effects of gender, social context (East vs. West Germans), unemployment (none, short-term or long-term), and their interactions were examined on health (single item measures of self-rated health and life satisfaction respectively). Results Social context in general significantly predicted the trajectories of self-rated health and life satisfaction. Most notably, data analysis revealed that West German women reported significantly lower baseline values of self-rated health following unemployment and did not recover to the levels of their East German counterparts. Only long-term, not short-term unemployment was related to lower baseline values of self-rated health, whereas, in relation to baseline values of life satisfaction, both types of unemployment had a similar negative effect. Conclusions In an economic crisis, individuals who already carry a higher burden, and not only those most directly affected economically, may show the greatest health effects.

scholarly journals Health risk assessment and countermeasure analysis of the elderly population exposed to PM2.5 microenvironment

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Wantian Cui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: China’s atmospheric PM2.5 pollution is serious, and PM2.5 exerts a negative impact on the human respiratory system, cardiovascular, and mental health, and even more serious health risk for the elderly with weak immunity. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to analyse the impacts of PM2.5 microenvironment exposure on the health of the elderly and provide corresponding countermeasures. METHODS: The survey subjects are 118 retired elderly people in the community. PM2.5 exposure concentrations are monitored in summer (June 10 ∼ July 10, 2019) and winter (November 25 ∼ December 25, 2019). RESULTS: The exposure concentration in winter is higher than that in summer, with statistical difference (P <  0.05). Under the impact of PM2.5 microenvironment exposure, smoking in the elderly can increase the concentration of PM2.5, and long-term exposure to PM2.5 in the elderly can cause mental health problems. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure of the elderly to the PM2.5 microenvironment leads to physical diseases and even psychological problems, which requires attention.

scholarly journals What is known about palliative care in adult patients with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT)?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen T. Simon ◽  
Anne Pralong ◽  
Michael Hallek ◽  
Christoph Scheid ◽  
Udo Holtick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Post Transplantation

AbstractPatients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) are given a real chance of cure, but at the same time are confronted with a considerable risk of mortality and of severe long-term impediments. This narrative, non-systematic literature review aims to describe the supportive and palliative care needs of allo-SCT recipients, including long-term survivors or those relapsing or dying after transplantation. It also evaluates the feasibility and effectivity of integrating palliative care early in transplant procedures. In this appraisal of available literature, the main findings relate to symptoms like fatigue and psychological distress, which appear to be very common in the whole allo-SCT trajectory and might even persist many years post-transplantation. Chronic GvHD has a major negative impact on quality of life. Overall, there is a paucity of research on further issues in the context of allo-SCT, like the distress related to the frequently unpredictable post-transplant trajectory and prognosis, as well as the end-of-life phase. First randomized controlled results support the effectiveness of early integration of specialized palliative care expertise into transplant algorithms. Barriers to this implementation are discussed.

العلاقة التبادلية بين سعر الصرف وأسعار الأسهم دراسة تطبيقية في سوق اسطنبول للأوراق المالية للمدة 2005-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
سعدالله ألنعيمي
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Exchange Rate

The study aims to analyzing the reciprocal relationship between the nominal exchange rate of the Turkish lira versus the U.S. dollar and the stock prices of the companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) expressed in the general market index for the period from 2005 to 2020 with 192 monthly observations, based on the traditional theory and the theory of portfolio balance model in theoretical interpretation for that relationship, aiming to identify the effect of the exchange rate on stock prices, as well as to analyze the causal relationship between those variables and to identify which of them is the cause or which is the result, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The research found that the exchange rate has a positive effect on stock prices in the long term, despite the emergence of the negative impact in the short term, but the long-term relationship has corrected the course of the short-term relationship with a time period not exceeding one month, in addition to proving that this relationship takes one direction. From the exchange rate towards stock prices, that is, the exchange rate is the reason and stock prices are the result, therefore the results of this research helps investors to predict future trends of stock prices depending on the exchange rate changes, and it also enables the companies, especially those with foreign transactions, to manage price risks the exchange rate in order to avoid its negative impact on its share price, as it represents an obstacle to achieving its main goal of maximizing the share price

Abstract 2605: Hypoglycemia Does Not Increase Long-term Mortality Or Morbidity In Diabetic Patients With Myocardial Infarction. A Report From The Digami 2 Trial.

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda G Mellbin ◽  
Klas Malmberg ◽  
Anders Waldenstrom ◽  
Hans Wedel ◽  
Lars Ryden
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Aims Tight, insulin-based glucose control is recommended to diabetic patients (DM pat) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A potential draw-back would be if insulin induced hypoglycaemia (HG) had a negative impact of future prognosis. Methods 1253 pat (mean age 68 years; 67% males) with type 2 DM and suspect AMI were followed for a median of 2.1 years. 947 were randomised to insulin infusion during at least 24 hours while 306 were treated routinely. HG (blood glucose<3.0 mmol/L with or without symptoms) was recorded during hospitalisation. Unadjusted and adjusted (age, sex, smoking, previous MI and heart failure, renal function, duration of DM, coronary interventions, blood glucose at randomisation) Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for cardiovascular events (CVE = death, MI or stroke) during follow up were calculated. Results 153 pat (12.2%) experienced HG. During the first 24 hours 111 (11.7%) insulin-treated pat experienced HG (symptomatic 23.4%) compared with 3 (1.0%) pat on routine treatment (symptomatic 33.3%). As outlined in the figure HG was not an independent predictor of subsequent CVE. Conclusion Insulin induced HG was not a significant risk factor for subsequent CVE in AMI-pat with type 2 DM. Hypoglycaemic seem to identify patients at high risk for other reasons.

Theoretical Analysis of the Mass Transport in the Powder Charge in Long-Term Bulk SiC Growth

2004 ◽  
Vol 457-460 ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Kulik ◽  
M.V. Bogdanov ◽  
S.Yu. Karpov ◽  
M.S. Ramm ◽  
Yuri N. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Powder Charge

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN INCONSISTENCIES IN THE FIELD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Galina S. Dokurno ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Khotko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Audit ◽  
Environmental Certification ◽  
Environmental Auditing ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Environmental Audits

Environmental auditing is one of the ways to reduce the negative impact on our environment. The publication describes the procedure for conducting an environmental audit. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the main resources, analyzed over the long-term practice of environmental audits, by the employees of the department of environmental certification and audit of RUE “Bel NIC” Ecology “.

scholarly journals PSIKOEDUKASI MENGENAI DAMPAK BULLYING DAN CARA MENINGKATKAN SELF-ESTEEM PADA REMAJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Amin
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aggressive Action ◽  
Effects Of Bullying ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

Bullying is deliberate aggressive action, using an imbalance of strength physically or mentally by hurting physical, verbal, or emotional / psychological forms repeatedly. In the last decade, cases of bullying in Indonesia continue to increase and if not handled properly will increasingly have a negative impact on the development of the children of the nation's next generation. Bullying does not only affect children who are bullied but can also affect children who bully, children who witness bullying. Some of the effects of bullying include anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. The purpose of community engagement is to socialize the impact of bullying and how to increase self-esteem to adolescents. Through psychoeducation programs in adolescents such as schools and teenagers religious communities in the Cikarang - Bekasi region, young people gain an in-depth understanding of bullying, its effects and how to increase their confidence. Through this psychoeducation, teenagers understand the understanding, types and effects of bullying both short term and long term so they promise to resist bullying starting from themselves. Teenagers learn that humans are social beings who need each other. They learn about the meaning of diversity and bhineka tunggal ika and try to implement it in their next lives by respecting the differences in their environment. These teenagers learn to respect themselves more, see the positive things that God has given them. They try to always believe in themselves that they are perfect and valuable beings in God's eyes so that even though the environment around them may not appreciate, they can still see positive things in themselvesABSTRAK:Bullying adalah tindakan agresif yang disengaja, menggunakan ketidakseimbangan kekuatan secara fisik atau mental dengan cara menyakiti bentuk fisik, verbal, atau emosional/ psikologis secara berulang – ulang. Dalam satu decade terakhir, kasus bullying di Indonesia terus meningkat dan bila tidak ditangani dengan baik akan semakin berdampak negative bagi perkembangan anak – anak generasi penerus bangsa. Tindakan bullying tidak hanya berdampak pada anak yang di-bully tetapi juga dapat berdampak pada anak yang mem-bully, anak yang menyaksikan bullying. Beberapa dampak bullying diantaranya kecemasan, depresi, serta rendahnya harga diri (self-esteem). Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk mensosialisasikan dampak bullying serta cara meningkatkan self-esteem kepada para remaja. Melalui program psikoedukasi di lingkungan remaja seperti sekolah maupun komunitas keagamaan remaja wilayah Cikarang – Bekasi, para remaja mendapatkan pemahaman mendalam mengenai bullying, dampaknya serta bagaimana cara meningkatkan kepercayaan diri mereka. Melalui psikoedukasi ini, para remaja memahami pengertian, jenis serta dampak bullying baik jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang sehingga mereka berjanji untuk bersikap menolak bullying mulai dari diri mereka sendiri. Para remaja belajar bahwa manusia adalah mahluk social yang saling membutuhkan. Mereka belajar tentang makna keberagaman dan Bhineka Tunggal Ika serta berusaha mengimplementasikannya dalam kehidupan mereka selanjutnya dengan cara menghargai perbedaan yang ada di lingkungannya. Remaja ini belajar untuk lebih menghargai diri mereka, melihat hal positif yang telah diberikan Tuhan kepada mereka. Mereka mencoba untuk selalu menanamkan dalam diri bahwa mereka adalah mahluk yang sempurna dan berharga di mata Tuhan sehingga walaupun lingkungan di sekitar mereka mungkin tidak menghargai, mereka tetap dapat melihat hal positif dalam diri mereka.

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