Fair Price Policy for Long Term Business

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Vidhusekhar P Vidhusekhar P ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Price Policy ◽  
Fair Price

Strategic analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Yuliia Grynchuk ◽  
Andrii Muzychenko ◽  
Kseniia Prykhod’ko
Keyword(s):  
Price Policy ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology of strategic analysis of enterprise competitiveness. The methodological basis of the research is the use of general scientific methods: the method of analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization and comparison, and the means of modern computer technology for data visualization. The scientific novelty of the received results consists of developing a logical and linguistic methodology of competitiveness analysis in the long term. The article is devoted to the development of strategic analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise. Relevance of research is caused by enterprises management in the modern markets that use innovations of products or technologies, constantly face competition, and according to its condition, should make decisions on strategic development in conformity with the country’s development market inquiries the society. Thus, the problem is not only for new companies but also for those that already function in the market and carry out planning of economic activity to become the market leader, not to lose leadership, to keep the positions. The given methodology can be used by any enterprise irrespective of the type of activity, form of ownership, or strategic goals. Conclusions. According to the study results, the methodology of strategic analysis, which is based on the study of potential internal development of the enterprise, taking into account the influence of external factors, which include macroeconomic factors of influence and market conditions. The basic approaches to the analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise of foreign and domestic researchers are investigated in the article. The essential components of competitive advantages, which include price and non-price factors, are considered. Peculiarities of carrying out the analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise after Porter are defined. The methodology of competitiveness analysis in the long term is developed. The main components of the strategic analysis are the estimation of activity scale in a long-term prospect, determination of strategic aims of the company, determination of aims of market coverage, selection of strategy type, selection of basic subjects of influence on competitive advantages, assessment of future relations with suppliers and buyers, assessment of cost price level, assessment of the quality of products and services and unique properties of products, formation of internal price policy. Key words: strategy, strategic analysis, competitiveness, competitive advantages.

scholarly journals Technological development and income inequality: a role of financial market

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00039
Author(s):  
Yuri Ichkitidze ◽  
Anton Lushkin ◽  
Laslo Ungvari ◽  
Sadat Akaeva
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Share Prices ◽  
Income Inequity ◽  
The Us

In this paper we study the effects of financial markets on an increase in income inequity. The notion, which is employed as a working hypothesis that the market equilibrium around the fair price and unbiased changes in prices has a neutral effect on inequity while the systematic underreaction accompanied by time trends contributes to its growth, has been considered. In order to check this hypothesis we have studied the long-term cycles in dynamics of the US stock index and income inequity and shown that the stock market growth observed in 1980-2017 is correlated to an increase in income inequity. The presence of causality in this relationship has been found through the evidence of systematic underreaction given by the share prices of fast-growing companies to the information about the diffusion of technological innovations. The research results prove that the free financial markets with technological development in progress contribute to instability, as they while enhancing income inequality increase the unemployment growth risks and require additional efforts from the state to redistribute income.

scholarly journals The implication of the hyperbolic discount model for the annuitisation decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anran Chen ◽  
Steven Haberman ◽  
Stephen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fair Price ◽  
Hyperbolic Discount ◽  
Commitment Device

AbstractThe low demand for immediate annuities at retirement has been a long-standing puzzle. We show that a hyperbolic discount model can explain this behaviour and results in the attractiveness of long-term deferred annuities. With a set of benchmark assumptions, we find that retirees would be willing to pay a much higher price than the actuarial fair price for annuities with longer deferred periods. Moreover, if governments were to introduce a pre-commitment device which requires pensioners to make annuitisation decisions around 10 years before retirement, the take up rate of annuities could become higher.

scholarly journals DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN HARGA BERAS DAN LUAS AREAL IRIGASI TERHADAP PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Dudi Septiadi ◽  
Harianto Harianto ◽  
Suharno Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rice Policy ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Impact

<em>Poverty is one of the major problems in Indonesia is unresolved. Rice is the main food commodities that affect the welfare of million people in Indonesia. Rice is a major source of calories most of the Indonesian people. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of rice policy on poverty in Indonesia. Specifications of research model using simultaneous equations and allegedly with the method Two Stages Least Squares (2SLS). The data used is secondary data with the time span from 1981 to 2014. The results showed that a decrease in the retail price of rice is able to reduce poverty. But the effect is relatively small. Real retail rice price increase 1 percent would increase poverty by 0.037 percent in the short term and amounted to 0.124 percent in the long term. Economic growth to be the only variable that significantly affect poverty. Increase economic growth by 1 percent would reduce poverty by 0.090 percent in the short term and amounted to 0.306 percent in the long term. In an effort to reduce the number of poor people, government purchasing price policy should be followed by other rice policy, such a policy increase the area of irrigated area.</em>

VALUE: EMPIRICS AND THEORY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Dmitry Egorov ◽  
Yuriy Dyatlov ◽  
Maksim Bogdanov ◽  
Evgeni Shushpanov ◽  
Angela Egorova
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Information Concept

Disclosure of the essence of the category "value" is not a prerequisite for its use: the introduction of this concept is correct and simple a priori. At the same time, it is obviously desirable. Objectives: 1) to show the connection between the concept of "value" and the empirical level; 2)to justify the interpretation of value from the perspective of information theory. Results. Manifestations of the "value" category in economic practice: the notions of "fair price", "reasonable profit", statistics of input-output balances, the world practice of planning of long-term energy production projects, etc. An adequate interpretation of value is the information concept: at the basis of value as the result of labor, and the rarity of a thing is information. Value is an information measure of the object’s worth. The complexity of operationalization does not ensue the unscientific (metaphysical) character of the concept of "value" as such. From the recognition of value as an objective basis for the observable price phenomenon, there appear very specific consequences: 1) feedback through the market must have an objective basis as a starting measure, that is, money must have a standard; 2) in some cases direct pricing (and / or their directive definition) is justified and appropriate.

A Proposal for Fiscal Incentives for the Raw-Jute Exports (Notes & Comments)

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-418
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Ghulam Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Price Policy ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
World Production ◽  
External Market ◽  
World Export ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
The World

While jute is an important crop, jute policy of Pakistan has often been inadequate. Efforts to improve the productivity of jute and to pursue a price policy consistent with the long-term interest of jute in the external market have been peripheral and uncoordinated and all along not been commensurate with the gravity of the issues involved. In the twenty years since Pakistan came into existence, the world production of jute and allied fibres increased by nearly 300 per cent from a level of about 1.5 million metric tons during the period 1947-52 to 4.3 million tons during 1967/68, whereas Pakistan's production of jute has stagnated at a level around 1.0 to 1.3 million tons per annum. As a result, Pakistan's share in the world production has continuously declined from about 80 per cent in 1947/48 to only 30 per cent in 1967/68. In the same period the volume of world export trade in raw jute and jute goods increased by nearly 40 per cent whereas Pakistan's exports increased only marginally by 8 per cent — its share in raw jute had declined in absolute terms which could hardly be compensated by the increase in exports of jute goods [6].

Control of Industrial Wastewater Discharges in the North West of England

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Belshaw ◽  
T. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Short And Long Term

North Nest Water (NHW) manage a scheme to ensure the efficient control of industrial effluent discharges to protect the environment, the Company's assets, assist in meeting short- and long-term Water Quality objectives, whilst highlighting present and future problems. Guidelines have been developed based on a policy of encouraging the treatment of industrial effluent in admixture with domestic sewage, provided that this can be satisfactorily achieved. Discharges of industrial effluent can be made only with the consent of the controlling Company and an extensive service for the reception and treatment of industrial effluent is offered. The legal framework necessary to facilitate control, evolved over many years, has continued to develop and expand to encompass U.K. and European legislation. Aspects relevant to industrial effluent control and regulation are outlined and discussed. Charging for the reception, conveyance and treatment of industrial effluent forms an important part of the control mechanism and ensures that industry pays a fair price for the service provided. Increasing pressure to reduce inputs to the environment of dangerous substances has resulted in legislation, both national and international, which has a major impact on the business of waste water treatment. A description of the U.K. approach to the incorporation of European Community and North Sea conference requirements into its own legislative framework is included.

Reforma energética en México: los subsidios eléctricos y su impacto en las finanzas públicas

Oikos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (40) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Gilberto Márquez De la Cruz ◽  
Maria Antonieta Andrade Vallejo ◽  
María Del Pilar Peña Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Electricity Rates

RESUMEN Este artículo describe brevemente la política de subsidios vía tarifas eléctricas que ha sido implementada en México en el periodo 2000-2014, así como el impacto negativo que ha tenido en las finanzas públicas. Asimismo sugiere mediante un análisis teórico la aplicación de una Política de Precios basada en Costos Marginales de Largo Plazo considerando criterios de equidad y distribución del ingreso que lleven a una situación de viabilidad financiera a la empresa suministradora de energía eléctrica del país.Palabras clave: tarifas eléctricas, subsidios, finanzas públicas, política de precios, costos marginales de largo plazo.Energy reform in Mexico: the electrical subsidies and their impact on public finances ABSTRACT This article briefly describes the policy of subsidies through electricity rates has been implemented in Mexico in the period 2000-2014, and the negative impact it has had on public finances. It also suggests a theoretical analysis by the application of a pricing policy based on Long Term Marginal Cost considering criteria of equity and income distribution leading to a situation of financial viability to the company supplying electricity in the country.Keywords: electricity rates, subsidies, public finances, price policy, long-term marginal costs.Reforma energética no México: os subsídios elétricos e seu impacto nas finanças públicas RESUMO Este artigo descreve brevemente a política de subsídios através de tarifas elétricas que tem sido realizada no México no período 2000-2014, bem como o impacto negativo que teve sobre as finanças públicas. Também sugere uma análise teórica com a aplicação de uma Política de Preços baseado em Custos Marginais de Longo Prazo, considerando critérios de equidade e de distribuição de renda que levam a uma situação de viabilidade financeira a empresa fornecedora de energia elétrica do país.Palavras-chave: tarifas elétricas, subsídios, finanças públicas, política de preços, custos marginais de longo prazo.

scholarly journals Subsidy and its effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Jalil Mehtiyev ◽  
Róbert Magda
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rules Set

Governments follow a subsidy policy to encourage the use of certain goods by some consumers. Subsidy can be explained as also that firms-producers sell the determined goods at a cheaper price than the market price and subsidizing government collects the difference. They are tools which are widely used in the hands of governments and can be allocated to various economic issues. In general, it is used as a policy of price policy and anti-inflationary policy in the classical sense. In the modern sense, it used for the purpose of general equilibrium, in other words, to equalize trade balance such as lowering prices and controlling inflation, preventing the long-term decline of industries. However, there are many significant negative effects of subsidies such as increase in taxes, leading to inefficiency of local industries, increase in borrowing, and disruption of identity between buyer and vendor prices in markets. One of rules set on subsidies is SCM Agreement. In the Agreement, subsidies were identified and rules were set on subsidies which could impact international trade. Since there are many types of subsidies, there should be more strict rules and policies about their implementation in order to eliminate and avoid potential barriers in international trade.

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