scholarly journals A “virada popular” inibida. Proposta missionária do Vaticano II no cinquentenário de sua abertura à luz da pastoral latino-americana

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (288) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Paulo Suess

O Vaticano II é um evento histórico e local que exige, em cada tempo e espaço, leituras novas e específicas. No tabuleiro da caminhada destes anos pós-conciliares, tudo estava em movimento. Para invalidar ou relativizar o Vaticano II, certos setores argumentam que hoje os tempos seriam outros. É um argumento que pode servir também para a leitura da Bíblia, dos dogmas e de todos os concílios da história da Igreja. Já que os tempos sempre são outros não podemos ler o significado de nenhum evento histórico como ponto final. Portanto, o Vaticano II é ponto de partida, face às “realidades sujeitas à permanente evolução” (GS 91,2). Reinterpretações históricas fazem parte da fidelidade à mensagem original e da audácia que a história exige (cf. DAp 11).No cinquentenário da abertura do Vaticano II podemos perceber que a recepção documental do Concílio foi melhor do que sua recepção real. Precisamos retomar seus eixos teológico-pastorais e transformar sua eclesiologia em estruturas que correspondam ao aggiornamento do século XXI. Podemos desinibir a “virada popular” interrompida através de três avanços que apontam para os sujeitos e as estruturas eclesiais: a opção com os pobres/outros, a requalificação do laicato como povo de Deus, e a construção de uma Igreja, universalmente, articulada em rede e, localmente, autóctone.Abstract: The Vatican II is a local and historic event that requires, at every time and space, new and specific readings. On the boardwalk of these post-conciliar years, everything was in motion. To invalidate or relativize the Vatican II, certain sectors argue that today things are different. This is an argument that can also be used with reference to the reading of the Bible, to the dogmas and to all councils in the history of the Church. Since the times are always different we cannot read the meaning of any historical event as the final point. Therefore, the Vatican II is the starting point, in the face of the “realities subject to the permanent evolution” (GS 91.2). Historical reinterpretations are part of the fidelity to the original message and of the boldness required by history. (cf. DAp 11).On the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of Vatican II we can see that the documental reception of the Council was better than its actual reception. We need to regain its theological-pastoral axes and transform its ecclesiology in structures that correspond to the aggiornamento of the 21st century. We can disinhibit “the popular turn” interrupted by three developments that point to the ecclesial subject and ecclesial structures: the option for the poor / others, the requalification of the laity as God’s people, and the construction of a Church that – universally – is articulated as a network and – locally – is autochthonous.

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (309) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Cecilio De Lora Soria

El Autor esboza la trayectoria de Medellín, sea como evento histórico, sea como evento kairótico. Como acontecimiento histórico, Medellín se relaciona con la precedente historia del Celam, así como al Vaticano II. El Celam, en algunos aspectos, se adelantó al Vaticano II; y éste, a su vez, le fue apoyo e inspiración. Esta inspiración puede ser resumida en el vivir la historicidad del misterio de la Iglesia (LG 5). Como consecuencia, la percepción de los signos de los tiempos acentúa la visita del Espíritu en la corporeidad; inspira la adopción de la metodología del Ver-Juzgar-Actuar desde la fe en el misterio de Jesucristo; abre la Iglesia de América a una triple dimensión: la centralidad del pobre, la orientación de la Liberación, la dimensión estructural de la Iglesia con las Comunidades Eclesiales de Base. Y, en el camino post-Medellín, el Autor señala marcas de sufrimiento y martirio, y apunta la presencia motivadora del Espíritu que, oído, renueva la Iglesia para que se mantenga fiel y renovada en su razón de ser: evangelizar.Abstract: The Author sketches the Medellin’s trajectory, be it as a historical event, be it as an opportune event. As a historical happening, Medellin relates with the previous history of the Episcopal Latin-American Council, and with that of the Vatican II; and the latter, in its turn, was its support and inspiration. This inspiration may be summed up by the fact that it lived the historicity of the Church’s mystery (LG 5). As a consequence, the perception of the signs of the times emphasizes the Spirit’s visit in the corporeity; it inspires the adoption of the methodology of the See-Judge-Act from the faith in Jesus Christ’s mystery; it opens the Church of America to a triple dimension: the centrality of the poor, the guidance towards Liberation and the structural dimension of the Church with the Ecclesial Grass-root Communities. And in the post-Medellin path, the Author points to signs of suffering and martyrdom, and to the motivating presence of the Spirit who, if heard, renews the Church so that it will remain faithful and renewed in its raison d’être: to evangelize.Keywords: Conference of Medellín; Vatican Council II; Historicity; Mystery of the Church; Evangelization in Latin America.Keywords: Conference of Medellín; Vatican Council II; Historicity; Mystery of the Church; Evangelization in Latin America.


2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (292) ◽  
pp. 865-885
Author(s):  
Antonio José de Almeida

O artigo tem como ponto de partida a questão da mudança de época em que a Igreja é chamada a realizar, hoje, sua vida e missão; aponta as dificuldades teológicas e canônicas geradas pela eclesiologia “inacabada” do Vaticano II; e, finalmente, sugere reformas que, coerentes com os horizontes eclesiológicos abertos pelo Concílio e com as interpelações que vêm dos “sinais dos tempos”, certamente ajudariam a Igreja, no século XXI, a ganhar credibilidade no testemunho de Cristo e de seu Reino, a serviço da vida e da esperança dos homens e das mulheres de todos os povos e culturas, sobretudo dos pobres e esquecidos. Escrito no final do ano de 2012, após o Congresso de São Leopoldo, passou por algumas atualizações, à altura da revisão final, em setembro de 2013, dado o novo contexto criado pelo pontificado do Papa Francisco. Abstract: The present article has as a starting point the fact that the Church is now asked to carry out its life and mission in a different era; it points to the theological and canonical difficulties generated by the “unfinished” ecclesiology of the Vatican II; and finally, it suggests some reforms that - consistent with the ecclesiological horizons opened by the Council and with the challenges that come from “the signs of the times” - would certainly help the Church in this 21st century to gain credibility in the testimony of Christ and of His Kingdom, at the service of the life and hope of the men and women from all peoples and cultures and in particular of those who are poor and forgotten. Written in the last months of 2012, after the Congress in São Leopoldo, Brazil, it went through some updating at the time of the final revision in September 2013, given the new context created by Pope Francis’ pontificate.Keywords: Catholic Church. Ecclesiology. Signs of the Times. Reform.


2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (309) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Víctor Codina

Medellín 1968 fue un tiempo de gracia, una irrupción del Espíritu para América Latina, fue una recepción creativa del Vaticano II por parte de la Iglesia local Latinoamericana que en el clamor de los pobres discernió un signo de los tiempos En Medellín se actualiza el deseo de Juan XXIII de que el rostro de la Iglesia conciliar fuera el dela Iglesia de los pobres, que el Vaticano II, seguramente muy centro-europeo, no logró plasmar.Abstract: Medellin 1968 was a time of grace, an eruption of the Spirit for Latin America.  It was a creative reception of the Vatican II by the local Latin-American Church that perceived in the outcry of the poor a sign of the times. In Medellin, Pope John XXIII’s wish – that the face of the conciliar Church be that of the Church of the poor – was finally concretized. This was a wish that the naturally very Centro-European Vatican II was unable to fulfil.Keywords: Vatican II; Local church; Signs of the times; Poor; Justice.


2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Jan Dyduch

Synod of the Archdiocese of Lvov, inaugurated 16th January 1995, concluded 21st January 1997, became the brilliant event in the Archdiocese’s dramatic history of the last decades. The Synod assumed the renewal of the Church of Lvov and Luck on a basis of the teaching of the Second Vatican Council and the provisions of Canon Law. The renewal of the Church life requires the renewal of priestly ministry. The Synod of Lvov turns priests’ attention to their participation in the triple mission of the Church. They take part in the teaching mission when they preach the Gospel, teach catechism and evangelize by means of mass media. They fulfil their mission of sanctification when they administer sacraments and take care ofreligious practices and piety of the faithful. While guiding God’s people and performing manifold cure of souls, they carry out their pastoral mission.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-175
Author(s):  
Warseto Freddy Sihombing

AbstractNo one can be justified before God for doing good deeds. No matter how good a man is, if he does not believe in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, he will not be saved from the wrath of God to come. There is no human being who is right before God, and no sinful man can save himself in any way. The only way out is in the way that God has given to the problem of all sinners, by sending Jesus Christ to the world to die for sinners. "And for this he came, so that every man believed in him, who was sent by God" (John 6:29). The Bible teaches that salvation is only obtained because of faith in Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is the object of that faith. This salvation is known as the statement "Justified by faith. Paul explained this teaching in each of his writings. This teaching of justification by faith has been repeatedly denied by some people who disagree with Paul's opinion. The history of the church from the early centuries to the present has proven the variety of understandings that have emerged from this teaching, but one important thing is that sinful humans are justified by their faith in Jesus Christ before God.Keywords: Paul;history; justified by faith.AbstrakTidak ada seorang pun yang dapat dibenarkan di hadapan Allah karena telah melakukan perbuatan baik. Sebaik apa pun manusia, jika dia tidak percaya kepada Yesus Kristus, Anak Allah maka ia tidak akan selamat dari murka Allah yang akan datang. Tidak ada seorang pun manusia yang benar di hadapan Allah, dan tidak ada seorang manusia berdosa yang dapat menyelematkan dirinya sendiri dengan cara apa pun. Satu-satunya jalan keluar adalah dengan cara yang Allah telah berikan untuk masalah semua orang berdosa, yaitu dengan mengutus Yesus Kristus ke dunia untuk mati bagi orang berdosa. “Dan untuk itulah Dia datang, yaitu supaya setiap orang percaya kepada Dia, yang telah diutus oleh Allah” (Yohanes 6:29). Alkitab mengajarkan bahwa keselamatan hanya diperoleh karena iman kepada Yesus Kristus. Yesus Kristus adalah obyek iman tersebut. Keselamatan ini dikenal dengan pernyataan “Dibenarkan karena iman. Paulus menjelaskan ajaran ini dalam setiap tulisannya. Ajaran pembenaran oleh iman ini telah berulang kali disangkal oleh beberap orang yang tidak setuju dengan pendapat Paulus. Sejarah gereja mulai dari abad permulaan sampai pada masa sekarang ini telah membuktikan beragamnya pemahaman yang muncul terhadap ajaran ini, namun satu hal yang terpenting adalah bahwa manusia berdosa dibenarkan oleh iman mereka kepada Yesus Kristus di hadapan Allah.Kata Kunci: Paulus; sejarah; iman; dibenarkan oleh iman.


Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
Mariusz Szram

The bishop of Brescia, Philastrius, author of the first Latin catalogue of he­resies, written between 380 and 388, presented in his treaty an extremely large number of heterodox movements: 28 within Judaism and 128 in early Christianity. This comes as a result of a wide understanding of the term heresis. For Philastrius this term was synonymous with the term error, recognized as any deviation from the universal truth in the history of the world, inspired by Satan as “the father of lies”, ocurring primarily in Judaism and Christianity. Among the early Christian views defined by the bishop of Brescia as heresy five groups can be distinguished. The first group includes mainly the erroneous views on fundamental theological questions contained in the rule of faith, such as the concept of a creator God and saviour Jesus Christ. The second set of he­resies, closely related with the previous one, contains the erroneous doctrines of anthropology, such as questioning the resurrection of the human body or the view of the materiality of the human soul. The third group includes the views related to the misinterpretation of Scripture, especially exaggerated literal interpretations of the texts of the Old Testament, as well as the cosmological views which do not agree with descriptions contained within the Bible. The fourth group contains the moral issues related to the based on laxism or rigorism way of life, as well as to the attitude of lack of deference to the laws of the Church, but non-threatening the primary truths of the Christian faith. The fifth group of heresies includes the movements defined by the authors of the late patristic period as a schizm, while the term schisma is not at all used by the bishop of Brescia in his work. The semantic scope of the term heresis in Philastrius’ treaty went beyond the noncompliance with the regula fidei. According to the bishop of Brescia each offense – whether in doctrinal teaching or practice of life, as well as with regard to the understanding of the text of Scripture – is a heresy because it offends God and the Church. Therefore, in Philastrius opinion one should not differentiate between superior and minor error, but equally condemn them as attitudes directed against God as the Father of Truth.


1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
R. Stuart Louden

We can trace a revival of theology in the Reformed Churches in the last quarter of a century. The new theological interest merits being called a revival of theology, for there has been a fresh and more thorough attention given to certain realities, either ignored or treated with scant notice for a considerable time previously.First among such realities now receiving more of the attention which their relevance and authority deserve, is the Bible, the record of the Word of God. There is an invigorating and convincing quality about theology which is Biblical throughout, being based on the witness of the Scriptures as a whole. The valuable results of careful Biblical scholarship had had an adverse effect on theology in so far as theologians had completely separated the Old Testament from the New in their treatment of Biblical doctrine, or in expanding Christian doctrine, had spoken of the theological teaching of the Synoptic Gospels, the Pauline Epistles, the Johannine writings, and so on, as if there were no such thing as one common New Testament witness. It is being seen anew that the Holy Scriptures contain a complete history of God's saving action. The presence of the complete Bible open at the heart of the Church, recalls each succeeding Christian generation to that one history of God's saving action, to which the Church is the living witness. The New Testament is one, for its Lord is one, and Christian theology must stand four-square on the foundation of its whole teaching.


2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-587
Author(s):  
Jorge Pixley

AbstractUsing the experience of the network of popular biblical study groups in Latin America and the biblical scholars who accompany them, this article outlines the basic requirements for a pastoral reading of the Bible. Special emphasis is given to the need for using the history of composition, necessarily hypothetical, in order to recover the political dynamics of the texts. The resulting pastoral reading will serve a public as well as a church function.


Author(s):  
Brian Doak

The book of Job is the longest and most thematically and linguistically challenging of the “wisdom books” in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. In the book’s prologue (Job 1–2) the narrator introduces readers to a man named Job (Hebrew ‘iyyōb; etymology unclear). Job’s prosperity extends into all areas of his life, and seems at least potentially linked to his moral status as completely righteous and blameless before God. The earthly scene then gives way to a heavenly setting, where a figure called “the accuser” (literally “the satan”; haśśātān) appears before God. God boasts about Job’s righteousness, but the accuser counters, suggesting that Job’s moral achievement has been merely the byproduct of God’s protection. The accuser and God enter into a bet: Job’s children will be killed, Job’s possessions stripped, and Job’s body afflicted with a painful disease—all to see whether Job will curse God. Job initially responds to the distress with pious statements, affirming God’s authority over his life. In a state of intense suffering, Job is joined by three friends—Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, and then eventually a fourth, Elihu—who offer rounds of speeches debating the reasons for Job’s situation (Job 3–37). Job responds to the friends in turn, alternately lamenting his situation and pleading for a chance to address God directly and argue his case as an innocent man. The friends accuse Job of committing some great sin to deserve his fate; they urge repentance, and defend God as a just ruler. God enters the dispute in a forceful whirlwind (Job 38), and proceeds for several chapters (Job 38–41) to overwhelm Job with resounding statements on creation (38:1–38), animal life (38:39–40:14), and visions of two powerful creatures, Behemoth (40:15–24) and Leviathan (41:1–11). The book ends with Job acknowledging to God the fact that he is overmatched in the face of divine power. God condemns the friends for not speaking “what is right, as my servant Job has” (42:7), and then restores Job’s lost possessions and children (42:10–17). Job has enjoyed a rich reception history in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and, perhaps more than any other book in the Bible except Genesis, as a world literary classic in its own right. Within the Bible, it is the most bracing statement on the problem of suffering, as it presents a situation wherein a clearly righteous person suffers immensely—putting it at odds with more straightforward descriptions of why people suffer in Proverbs, Deuteronomy, and other texts. Scholarly research on Job has focused on the book’s place among other ancient Near Eastern wisdom materials, on questions of language (given the large amount of difficult Hebrew terms in the book), on historical-critical concerns about authorship and the way the book may have come together in its present form, and on the history of the translation of the text into Greek and other ancient languages. In the 21st century, interpreters have increasingly taken up readings of Job that situate it among concerns related to economics, disability, gender, and the history of its reception in many different eras and communities.


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