Germination performance of different forage grass species at different salinity (NaCl) concentrations

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly useful molecular markers for plant improvement. Expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR markers have a higher rate of transferability across species than genomic SSR markers and are thus well suited for application in cross-species phylogenetic studies. Our objectives were to examine the amplification of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in 12 grass species representing 8 genera of 4 tribes from 2 subfamilies of Poaceae and the applicability of these markers for phylogenetic analysis of grass species. About 43% of the 145 EST-SSR primer pairs produced PCR bands in all 12 grass species and had high levels of polymorphism in all forage grasses studied. Thus, these markers will be useful in a variety of forage grass species, including the ones tested in this study. SSR marker data were useful in grouping genotypes within each species. Lolium temulentum, a potential model species for cool-season forage grasses, showed a close relation with the major Festuca–Lolium species in the study. Tall wheatgrass was found to be closely related to hexaploid wheat, thereby confirming the known taxonomic relations between these species. While clustering of closely related species was found, the effectiveness of such data in evaluating distantly related species needs further investigations. The phylogenetic trees based on DNA sequences of selected SSR bands were in agreement with the phylogenetic relations based on length polymorphism of SSRs markers. Tall fescue EST-SSR markers depicted phylogenetic relations among a wide range of cool-season forage grass species and thus are an important resource for researchers working with such grass species.Key words: phylogeny, EST-SSR, forage grasses, tall fescue.

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Application of SCoT markers for accessing of genetic diversity of gramineous forage grass species

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 901 (1) ◽

pp. 012038

Author(s):

Yu M Mavlyutov ◽

A O Shamustakimova ◽

I A Klimenko

Keyword(s):

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Rubra ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Forage Grass ◽

Marker System ◽

Scot Marker ◽

Dna Profiles ◽

Subsequent Identification

Abstract Using the SCoT marker system, 8 varieties of cereal grasses belonging to 5 species were analyzed: Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca rubra, Festulolium. Of the 10 tested SCoT markers, 7 informative markers were selected that reveal interspecies genetic polymorphism. According to the results of the analysis, DNA profiles characteristic of each studied species were obtained, and primers allowing to detect intervarietal differences for subsequent identification and molecular genetic passportization were selected.

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Weeds Interference in Pequi Plants

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Author(s):

D.A. MARTINS ◽

A. JAKELAITIS ◽

A.C. COSTA ◽

G.M.A. ALMEIDA ◽

R.O. SILVA FILHO

Keyword(s):

Additional Treatment ◽

Grass Species ◽

Photochemical Quenching ◽

Forage Grass ◽

Effective Quantum Yield ◽

Weed Species ◽

Juvenile Period ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Fruit Species

ABSTRACT: Pequi plants are native fruit species of the Cerrado and is at risk of extinction due to the destruction of native vegetation and the extraction of their fruits. Because this species has a long juvenile period, it becomes susceptible to the interference of weeds, mainly forage grass. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of forage grass species coexisting with small seedlings. The treatments, arranged in a factorial scheme, consisted of three weed species(Melinis minutiflora, Paspalum notatumandUrochloa decumbens)coexisting in four densities (1, 2, 3, and 4 plants per pot) with pequi plants. As an additional treatment a pequi plant was cultivated free of coexistence. The physiological variables photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) Ci/Ca relation, the effective quantum yield of PS II, transport rate of electrons and non-photochemical quenching, and growth variables: height (PH), Leaf area (LA) and dry matter (DM) were affected by weed coexistence.U. decumbenspromoted greater intensity interference with pequi plants. The degree of interference was greater with increasing density of weeds, with linear decreasing behavior for the variables A, gs, E, PH, LA, MD, stem diameter and number of leaves of pequi plants.

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Wind-mediated seed dispersal of invasive forage grasses from agricultural grasslands in Hokkaido, Japan

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1017/inp.2019.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (02) ◽

pp. 133-141

Author(s):

Chika Egawa ◽

Atsushi Shoji ◽

Hiroyuki Shibaike

Keyword(s):

Seed Dispersal ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Dispersal Distance ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Forage Grass ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Number Of Seeds

AbstractAlthough introduced pasture grasses are essential for forage production in current livestock farming, some species cause serious impacts on native biodiversity when naturalized. Information on the seed dispersal of invasive forage grasses from cultivated settings to surrounding environments can inform management efforts to prevent their naturalization. In this case study, we quantified the wind-mediated seed dispersal distance and amount of dispersed seed of invasive forage grasses from agricultural grasslands in Hokkaido, northern Japan. In total, 200 funnel seed traps were installed around three regularly mown grasslands and one unmown grassland where various forage grass species were grown in mixture. Seeds of each species dispersed outside the grasslands were captured from May to October 2017. Based on the trapped distances of seeds, the 99th percentile dispersal distance from the grasslands was estimated for six species, including timothy (Phleum pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). For two dominant species, P. pratense and D. glomerata, the numbers of seeds dispersed outside the field under mown and unmown conditions were determined under various plant cover situations. The estimated dispersal distances ranged from 2.3 m (P. pratense) to 31.5 m (P. pratensis), suggesting that areas within approximately 32 m of the grasslands are exposed to the invasion risk of some forage grass species. For both P. pratense and D. glomerata, the number of seeds dispersed outside the unmown grassland exceeded 100 seeds m−2 under high plant cover situations, while the number of seeds dispersed from the mown grasslands at the same plant cover level was less than one-third of that number. The results suggest that local land managers focus their efforts on frequent mowing of grasslands and monitoring of the areas within approximately 32 m of the grasslands to substantially reduce the naturalization of invasive forage grasses.

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Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control with Several Grass Species

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00043967 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 374-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mark A. Ferrell ◽

Thomas D. Whitson ◽

David W. Koch ◽

A. E. Gade

Keyword(s):

Canopy Cover ◽

Leafy Spurge ◽

Euphorbia Esula ◽

Grass Species ◽

Forage Grass ◽

No Till ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Russian Wildrye

Studies were established near Devil's Tower in Crook County, WY, to determine the potential of 11 grass species to compete with leafy spurge as an alternative to repetitive herbicide treatments. Of the 11 species, ‘Bozoisky’ Russian wildrye and ‘Luna’ pubescent wheatgrass showed the most promise for successful competition with leafy spurge and were selected for further study. Pubescent wheatgrass limited percent canopy cover of leafy spurge to 10 and 15% or less in tilled and no-till plots, respectively, 7 and 10 yr after seeding. Russian wildrye limited percent canopy cover of leafy spurge to 21% or less in tilled and 7 and 27% in the no-till plots, respectively, 7 or 10 yr after seeding. The control plots not seeded to a forage grass averaged 55% leafy spurge canopy cover.

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Selecting for nutrient use efficiency within forage grass species: I. Development of a screening system

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904168109362915 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 231-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. W. Chichester

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Grass Species ◽

Forage Grass ◽

Screening System ◽

Nutrient Use ◽

Use Efficiency

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Contribution of Awns to Seed Yield and Seed Shattering in Siberian Wildrye Grown under Irrigated and Rainfed Environments

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2219

Author(s):

Fabrice Ntakirutimana ◽

Yiyang Wan ◽

Wenhui Liu ◽

Wengang Xie

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Grass Species ◽

Forage Grass ◽

Forage Production ◽

Abscission Layer ◽

Seed Shattering ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Arid Grasslands ◽

The Impact

The seed yield of grass species is greatly dependent on inflorescence morphological traits, starting with spikelets per inflorescence and seeds per spikelet, to kernel size, and then to awns. Previous studies have attempted to estimate the contribution of these traits on the harvested yield of major cereal crops, but little information can be accessed on the influence of awns on seed yield of forage grass species. Siberian wildrye (Elymus sibiricus L.) is a widely important perennial forage grass used to increase forage production in arid and semi-arid grasslands. The grass has long inflorescences with long awns developed at the tip end of the lemmas in the florets. In order to evaluate the effect of awns on Siberian wildrye seed production, awn excision analyses from 10 accessions were performed at flowering stage under irrigated and rainfed regimes. Overall, awn excision reduced thousand-seed weight and seed size under both irrigated and rainfed regimes, which decreased final seed yield per plant. De-awned plants produced significantly more seeds per inflorescence, but spikelets per inflorescence was not influenced by awn excision in either condition. Moreover, histological analyses showed a high degradation of the abscission layer in the awned plants than de-awned ones, and awn excision evidently improved average seed breaking tensile strength (BTS), and thus decreased the degree of seed shattering. In conclusion, the observed significant impact of awn excision on different yield-related traits mirrored the impact of awns on the performance of Siberian wildrye under diverse growing conditions. These results provide useful information for plant breeders, seed producers, and researchers to efficiently improve seed production in Siberian wildrye.

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Variation in Yield and Yield Components of Tropical Forage Grass Species Evaluated in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science ◽

10.9734/ajrcs/2020/v5i230089 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

G. O. S. Ojo ◽

H. Madu ◽

A. I. Okwori

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Grass Species ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Forage Grass ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Tropical Forage ◽

Andropogon Gayanus ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Tropical Grass

Seven improved tropical grass species, namely, Andropogon gayanus Kunth., Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard, Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chloris gayana Kunth, Panicum maximum var. coloratum C.T, Paspalum orbiculare G. Forstand Sorghum almum Parodi were evaluated for yield and yield components at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria in 2015 and 2016. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in each of the years. Results showed that the evaluated grass species could be cut at an early age when the leaf: stem ratio is high enough for the ruminants to derive maximum nutritional benefit and need not be delayed till 16 weeks after planting. The highest correlation between plant height and grain yield was observed at 4 weeks (r = 0.69) and 8 weeks (r = 0.70) after planting, implying that the taller the plant species at this stage of growth, the higher the probability for high grain yield. Identification and selection of tropical grass species for improvement in grain production should, therefore, be carried out between 4 and 8 weeks of growth. All the seven tropical forage grass species performed favourably well in terms of growth and yield, with the positive response to increasing rainfall and further studies on multi-location evaluation within the Southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecologicalal zone of Nigeria is recommended.

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