scholarly journals Application of SCoT markers for accessing of genetic diversity of gramineous forage grass species

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
Yu M Mavlyutov ◽  
A O Shamustakimova ◽  
I A Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Scot Marker ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Subsequent Identification

Abstract Using the SCoT marker system, 8 varieties of cereal grasses belonging to 5 species were analyzed: Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca rubra, Festulolium. Of the 10 tested SCoT markers, 7 informative markers were selected that reveal interspecies genetic polymorphism. According to the results of the analysis, DNA profiles characteristic of each studied species were obtained, and primers allowing to detect intervarietal differences for subsequent identification and molecular genetic passportization were selected.

scholarly journals The effect of some herbicides on seed yield of six grass species – Short Communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
J. Macháč ◽  
B. Cagaš ◽  
R. Macháč
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

The tolerance to or phytotoxicity of selected herbicides and their impact on seed yield was investigated in six grasses grown for seed: Phleum pratense cv. Sobol (a), Festuca rubra cv. Táborská (b), Festuca pratensis cv. Otava (c), Poa pratensis cv. Slezanka (d), Arrhenatherum elatius cv. Medián (e) and Dactylis glomerata cv. Zora (f). All species were tolerant to Grodyl 75 WG (amidosulfuron 75%), (a) and (f) were tolerant to Grodyl plus (amidosulfuron 15 g/kg + isoproturon 600 g/kg) which was phytotoxic to the other grass species; all species were tolerant to Stomp 330 E (pendimethalin 330 g/l); Lintur 70 WG (triasulfuron 4.1% + dicamba 65.9%) was phytotoxic only to (c) while the other species were tolerant to it.

scholarly journals ForageGrassBase: Molecular resource for the forage grass Festuca pratensis Huds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevan Karloss Antony Samy ◽  
Odd Arne Rognli ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi
Keyword(s):  
Draft Genome ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Link Type

AbstractBackgroundMeadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) is one of the most important forage grasses in temperate regions. F. pratensis is a diploid (2n =14) outbreeding species that belongs to the genus Festuca. Together with Lolium, they are the most important genera of forage grasses in temperate regions. F. pratensis has good winter survival, with high quality dry matter yields and persistency, and is suitable both for frequent-cutting conservation regimes and for grazing. It is a significant component of species-rich permanent pastures in the temperate regions, ensuring high forage yield under harsh climatic conditions where other productive forage grass species are unable to grow. However, genomic resources for F. Pratensis is not available so far.ResultsThe draft genome sequences of two F. pratensis genotypes “HF7/2” and “B14/16” are reported in this study. Here, using the draft genome, functional annotation datasets of two F. pratensis cultivars, we have constructed the F. pratensis genome database http://foragegrass.org/, the first open-access platform to provide comprehensive genomic resources related to this forage grass species. The current version of this database provides the most up-to-date draft genome sequence along with structural and functional annotations for genes using Genome Browser (GBrowse). In addition, we have integrated comparative genomic tracks for F. pratensis genomes by mapping F.pratensis genome to the barley, rice, Brachypodium and maize genomes. We have integrated homologus search tool BLAST also for the users to analyze their data. Combined, GBrowse, BLAST and downloadble data gives an user friendly access to F. pratensis genomic resouces. All data in the database were manually curated.ConclusionTo our knowledge, ForageGrassBase is the first genome database dedicated to forage grasses. It provides valuable resources for a range of research fields related to F. pratensis and other forage crop species, as well as for plant research communities in general. The genome database can be accessed at http://foragegrass.org. In the near future, we will expand the ForageGrassBase by adding genomic tools for other forage grass species, as soon as their genomes become available.

scholarly journals ForageGrassBase: molecular resource for the forage grass meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.)

Database ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevan Karloss Antony Samy ◽  
Odd Arne Rognli ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi
Keyword(s):  
Draft Genome ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Genomic Resources

Abstract Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) is one of the most important forage grasses in temperate regions. It is a diploid (2n = 14) outbreeding species that belongs to the genus Festuca. Together with Lolium perenne, they are the most important genera of forage grasses. Meadow fescue has very high quality of yield with good winter survival and persistency. However, extensive genomic resources for meadow fescue have not become available so far. To address this lack of comprehensive publicly available datasets, we have developed functionally annotated draft genome sequences of two meadow fescue genotypes, ‘HF7/2’ and ‘B14/16’, and constructed the platform ForageGrassBase, available at http://foragegrass.org/, for data visualization, download and querying. This is the first open-access platform that provides extensive genomic resources related to this forage grass species. The current database provides the most up-to-date draft genome sequence along with structural and functional annotations for genes that can be accessed using Genome Browser (GBrowse), along with comparative genomic alignments to Arabidopsis, L. perenne, barley, rice, Brachypodium and maize genomes. We have integrated homologous search tool BLAST also for the users to analyze their data. Combined, GBrowse, BLAST and downloadable data gives a user-friendly access to meadow fescue genomic resources. To our knowledge, ForageGrassBase is the first genome database dedicated to forage grasses. The current forage grass database provides valuable resources for a range of research fields related to meadow fescue and other forage crop species, as well as for plant research communities in general. The genome database can be accessed at http://foragegrass.org.

Evaluation of mineral fertilizer effects in a long-term experiment on a planted sward

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Kádár
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Egy műtrágyázási tartamkísérlet 32. évében, 2005-ben vizsgáltuk az eltérő N-, P- és K-ellátottsági szintek és kombinációik hatását a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis) vezérnövényű, nyolckomponensű, pillangós nélküli gyepkeverék termésére, fejlődésére és elemtartalmára. A termőhely mészlepedékes csernozjom talaja a szántott rétegben mintegy 3% humuszt, 3–5% CaCO3-ot és 20–22% agyagot tartalmazott, N és K elemekben közepesen, P és Zn elemekben gyengén ellátottnak minősült. A kísérlet 4N×4P×4K = 64 kezelést×2 ismétlést = 128 parcellát foglalt magában. A talajvíz 13–15 m mélyen helyezkedik el, a terület aszályérzékeny. A vizsgált 2005. évben azonban kielégítő mennyiségű (649 mm) csapadék hullott és annak eloszlása is kedvező volt. A gyep telepítése spenót elővetemény után 2000. szeptember 20-án történt gabona sortávra 60 kg·ha–1 vetőmaggal, amelynek 25%-át (15 kg) a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis); 21–21%-át (12,6 kg) a nádképű csenkesz (Festuca arundinacea) és az angol perje (Lolium perenne); 9%-át (5,4 kg) a taréjos búzafű (Agropyron cristatum), valamint 6–6%-át (3,6 kg) a vörös csenkesz (Festuca rubra), a réti komócsin (Phleum pratense), a zöld pántlikafű (Phalaris arundinacea) és a csomós ebír (Dactylis glomerata) tette ki. Főbb eredményeink: – A meghatározó N-trágyázás nyomán a szénatermés 5-szörösére emelkedett a két kaszálással a N-kontrollhoz viszonyítva. A maximális 10 t·ha–1 körüli légszáraz szénahozamokat a 300 kg N·ha–1·év–1 N-adag, valamint a 150 mg·kg–1 körüli AL-P2O5-, illetve 150 mg·kg–1 feletti AL-K2O-tartalom biztosította. Növénydiagnosztikai szempontból a nagy terméshez kötődő optimális elemtartalom 2% körüli N- és K-, illetve 0,2–0,3% P-koncentráció volt a szénában. – A két kaszálással felvett minimum (a 2 t·ha–1 körüli szénatermést adó N-kontroll) és maximum (a 10 t·ha–1 körüli szénahozamú, nitrogénnel és PK-vel jól ellátott talajok) elemmennyiségek a következőképpen alakultak: N 21–196 kg, K 39–188 kg, Ca 9–48 kg, Mg 4–22 kg, P 6–21 kg. – Az N×P és N×K kölcsönhatások kifejezettebbé váltak a 2. kaszálás idején. A P 0,18–0,55%, a NO3-N 86–1582 mg·kg–1, a Cu 4,7–7,4 mg·kg–1, a Mo 0,7–4,1 mg·kg–1 extrém értékeket jelzett az N×P kezelések függvényében. Az N×K kezelésekben a K 1,44–2,73%, a Mg 0,26–0,39%, a Na 71–2178 mg·kg–1, a Ba 4,1–9,6 mg·kg–1, a Cd 15–44 µg·kg–1 szélsőértékekkel volt jellemezhető. A Sr a 10–26 mg·kg–1 koncentrációtartományban módosult a P×K-ellátottság nyomán. Élettani, takarmányozástani szempontból az indukált kölcsönhatások nyomon követése elengedhetetlen, amennyiben olyan mérvű tápelemhiányok, illetve aránytalanságok jöhetnek létre, melyek anyagcserezavarokat okozhatnak a növényt fogyasztó állatban.

scholarly journals The Epichloë festucae Antifungal Protein Efe-AfpA Is Also a Possible Effector Protein Required for the Interaction of the Fungus with its Host Grass Festuca rubra subsp. rubra

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Ruying Wang ◽  
Simin Luo ◽  
Bruce B. Clarke ◽  
Faith C. Belanger
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Antifungal Protein ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Epichloë Festucae

Strong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) is a commercially important low-maintenance turfgrass and is often naturally infected with the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae. Epichloë spp. are endophytes of several cool-season grass species, often conferring insect resistance to the grass hosts due to the production of toxic alkaloids. In addition to insect resistance, a unique feature of the strong creeping red fescue/E. festucae symbiosis is the endophyte-mediated disease resistance to the fungal pathogen Clarireedia jacksonii, the causal agent of dollar spot disease. Such disease resistance is not a general feature of other grass/ Epichloë interactions. E. festucae isolates infecting red fescue have an antifungal protein gene Efe-afpA, whereas most other Epichloë spp. do not have a similar gene. The uniqueness of this gene suggests it may, therefore, be a component of the unique disease resistance seen in endophyte-infected red fescue. Here, we report the generation of CRISPR-Cas9 Efe-afpA gene knockouts with the goal of determining if absence of the protein in endophyte-infected Festuca rubra leads to disease susceptibility. However, it was not possible to infect plants with the knockout isolates, although infection was possible with the wild type E. festucae and with complemented isolates. This raises the interesting possibility that, in addition to having antifungal activity, the protein is required for the symbiotic interaction. The antifungal protein is a small secreted protein with high expression in planta relative to its expression in culture, all characteristics consistent with effector proteins. If Efe-AfpA is an effector protein it must be specific to certain interactions, since most Epichloë spp. do not have such a gene in their genomes.

A Demonstration of a 1:1 Correspondence Between Chiasma Frequency and Recombination Using a Lolium perenne/Festuca pratensis Substitution

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J King ◽  
L A Roberts ◽  
M J Kearsey ◽  
H M Thomas ◽  
R N Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Frequency Counts

Abstract A single chromosome of the grass species Festuca pratensis has been introgressed into Lolium perenne to produce a diploid monosomic substitution line (2n = 2x = 14). The chromatin of F. pratensis and L. perenne can be distinguished by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and it is therefore possible to visualize the substituted F. pratensis chromosome in the L. perenne background and to study chiasma formation in a single marked bivalent. Recombination occurs freely in the F. pratensis/L. perenne bivalent, and chiasma frequency counts give a predicted map length for this bivalent of 76 cM. The substituted F. pratensis chromosome was also mapped with 104 EcoRI/Tru91 and HindIII/Tru91 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), generating a marker map of 81 cM. This map length is almost identical to the map length of 76 cM predicted from the chiasma frequency data. The work demonstrates a 1:1 correspondence between chiasma frequency and recombination and, in addition, the absence of chromatid interference across the Festuca and Lolium centromeres.

Use of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in phylogenetic analysis of cool-season forage grasses

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A. Rouf Mian ◽  
Malay C Saha ◽  
Andrew A Hopkins ◽  
Zeng-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Wide Range

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly useful molecular markers for plant improvement. Expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR markers have a higher rate of transferability across species than genomic SSR markers and are thus well suited for application in cross-species phylogenetic studies. Our objectives were to examine the amplification of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in 12 grass species representing 8 genera of 4 tribes from 2 subfamilies of Poaceae and the applicability of these markers for phylogenetic analysis of grass species. About 43% of the 145 EST-SSR primer pairs produced PCR bands in all 12 grass species and had high levels of polymorphism in all forage grasses studied. Thus, these markers will be useful in a variety of forage grass species, including the ones tested in this study. SSR marker data were useful in grouping genotypes within each species. Lolium temulentum, a potential model species for cool-season forage grasses, showed a close relation with the major Festuca–Lolium species in the study. Tall wheatgrass was found to be closely related to hexaploid wheat, thereby confirming the known taxonomic relations between these species. While clustering of closely related species was found, the effectiveness of such data in evaluating distantly related species needs further investigations. The phylogenetic trees based on DNA sequences of selected SSR bands were in agreement with the phylogenetic relations based on length polymorphism of SSRs markers. Tall fescue EST-SSR markers depicted phylogenetic relations among a wide range of cool-season forage grass species and thus are an important resource for researchers working with such grass species.Key words: phylogeny, EST-SSR, forage grasses, tall fescue.

Inflorescence development and seed production in Lolium spp. × Festuca pratensis tetraploid hybrids

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cremades ◽  
E. W. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Tetraploid Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
Sufficient Variation ◽  
Reproductive Characters

SUMMARYThe reproductive development and seed production characters of a Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratensis tetraploid hybrid and a Lolium perenne × Festuca pratensis tetraploid hybrid were compared with those of their tetraploid parental cultivars. Experiments were carried out under glasshouse and natural conditions; single plants were studied as only small quantities of seed were available from the breeder. The lowtemperature/short-day requirements for inflorescence induction of the two hybrids were in between those of the corresponding parental species. The variance of the date at which vegetative primordia changed to the reproductive condition was greater in the hybrids than in the parental cultivars, but the variance of the dates of inflorescence emergence were similar for the hybrids and parental cultivars. Inflorescences ranged from the Lolium type with only sessile spikelets to the Festuca type with primary branches. Inner glumes, which are absent in the Lolium parents but present in Festuca pratensis, were found in the hybrids, though not in all spikelets. In the Lolium perenne × Festuca pratensis hybrid pollen release, potential pollen viability and floret fertility were low, but the Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratensis hybrid produced large amounts of pollen with a higher potential viability and had floret fertilities similar to those of its two parental cultivars. There was sufficient variation in reproductive characters for further selection, particularly in the Lolium perenne × Festuca pratensis hybrid.

scholarly journals Comparison of agronomic characters of Festulolium, Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes under high elevation conditions in Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Akgun ◽  
Metin Tosun ◽  
Suleyman Sengul
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Significant Difference

Prior {Lolium perenne × Festuca pratensis) and Elmet (Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratensis) cultivars were compared with Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes for some agronomical characteristics (green and dry matter yields, crude protein, seed yield, crude ash content) under Erzurum ecological conditions. Analysis of variance and mean separation were performed using the SPSS 11.0 computer program. There was a significant difference among genotypes in every character tested except for green and dry matter yield and crude ash content. Hybrid genotypes had higher plant height, dry and green matter yield, seed yield per plant and crude protein yield except 1000-seed weight. Elmet performed better than Prior except for seed yield per plant.   Key words: Festulolium, Lolium, Festuca, Yield, Crude protein, Crude ash doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1556 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 1-6, 2008 (June)

scholarly journals Weeds Interference in Pequi Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. MARTINS ◽  
A. JAKELAITIS ◽  
A.C. COSTA ◽  
G.M.A. ALMEIDA ◽  
R.O. SILVA FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Fruit Species

ABSTRACT: Pequi plants are native fruit species of the Cerrado and is at risk of extinction due to the destruction of native vegetation and the extraction of their fruits. Because this species has a long juvenile period, it becomes susceptible to the interference of weeds, mainly forage grass. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of forage grass species coexisting with small seedlings. The treatments, arranged in a factorial scheme, consisted of three weed species(Melinis minutiflora, Paspalum notatumandUrochloa decumbens)coexisting in four densities (1, 2, 3, and 4 plants per pot) with pequi plants. As an additional treatment a pequi plant was cultivated free of coexistence. The physiological variables photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) Ci/Ca relation, the effective quantum yield of PS II, transport rate of electrons and non-photochemical quenching, and growth variables: height (PH), Leaf area (LA) and dry matter (DM) were affected by weed coexistence.U. decumbenspromoted greater intensity interference with pequi plants. The degree of interference was greater with increasing density of weeds, with linear decreasing behavior for the variables A, gs, E, PH, LA, MD, stem diameter and number of leaves of pequi plants.

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