Design of the Annular Pulse Generator Based on Quartus II

Introduction: Vagus nerve stimulation is a palliative treatment for patients with refractory epilepsy to reduce the frequency and intensity of seizures. A bipolar helical electrode is placed around the left vagus nerve at the cervical level and is connected to the pulse generator placed in a subcutaneous pocket, most commonly in the subclavian region. Methods: Between March 1998 and October 2019, we performed 196 procedures related to the vagal nerve stimulation at the Neurosurgery Department in Motol University Hospital. Of these, 126 patients were vagal nerve stimulator implantation surgeries for intractable epilepsy. The cases included 69 female and 57 male patients with mean age at the time of the implantation surgery 22±12.4 years (range 2.1−58.4 years). Results: Nine patients (7.1%) were afflicted by complications related to implantation. Surgical complications included postoperative infection in 1.6%, VNS-associated arrhythmias in 1.6%, jugular vein bleeding in 0.8% and vocal cord paresis in 2.4%. One patient with vocal cord palsy also suffered from severe dysphagia. One patient (0.8%) did not tolerate extra stimulation with magnet due to a prolonged spasm in his throat. The extra added benefit of vagus stimulation in one patient was a significant reduction of previously regular severe headaches. Conclusion: Vagus nerve stimulation is an appropriate treatment for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who are not candidates for focal resective surgery. Implantation of the vagus nerve stimulator is a relatively safe operative procedure.

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CONVEYOR MODEL AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REAL NUMBERS ADDER ON FPGA

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS ◽

10.15276/eltecs.33.109.2020.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (109) ◽

pp. 21-31

Author(s):

І. Ya. Zeleneva ◽

Т. V. Golub ◽

T. S. Diachuk ◽

А. Ye. Didenko

Keyword(s):

Performance Improvement ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Production Costs ◽

Floating Point ◽

Computing Device ◽

Quartus Ii ◽

Functional Blocks ◽

Mental Testing ◽

Processor Cores ◽

Floating Point Numbers

The purpose of these studies is to develop an effective structure and internal functional blocks of a digital computing device – an adder, that performs addition and subtraction operations on floating- point numbers presented in IEEE Std 754TM-2008 format. To improve the characteristics of the adder, the circuit uses conveying, that is, division into levels, each of which performs a specific action on numbers. This allows you to perform addition / subtraction operations on several numbers at the same time, which increas- es the performance of calculations, and also makes the adder suitable for use in modern synchronous cir- cuits. Each block of the conveyor structure of the adder on FPGA is synthesized as a separate project of a digital functional unit, and thus, the overall task is divided into separate subtasks, which facilitates experi- mental testing and phased debugging of the entire device. Experimental studies were performed using EDA Quartus II. The developed circuit was modeled on FPGAs of the Stratix III and Cyclone III family. An ana- logue of the developed circuit was a functionally similar device from Altera. A comparative analysis is made and reasoned conclusions are drawn that the performance improvement is achieved due to the conveyor structure of the adder. Implementation of arithmetic over the floating-point numbers on programmable logic integrated cir- cuits, in particular on FPGA, has such advantages as flexibility of use and low production costs, and also provides the opportunity to solve problems for which there are no ready-made solutions in the form of stand- ard devices presented on the market. The developed adder has a wide scope, since most modern computing devices need to process floating-point numbers. The proposed conveyor model of the adder is quite simple to implement on the FPGA and can be an alternative to using built-in multipliers and processor cores in cases where the complex functionality of these devices is redundant for a specific task.

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Androgenic and oestrogenic steroid participation in feedback control of luteinizing hormone secretion in male sheep

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1020499 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 102 (4) ◽

pp. 499-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. J. D'Occhio ◽

B. D. Schanbacher ◽

J. E. Kinder

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Pulse Generator ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Pulse Interval ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Luteinizing Hormone Secretion ◽

Lh Release ◽

Lh Secretion ◽

Additional Feedback ◽

Male Sheep

Abstract. The acute castrate ram (wether) was used as an experimental model to investigate the site(s) of feedback on luteinizing hormone (LH) by testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol. At the time of castration, wethers were implanted subdermally with Silastic capsules containing either crystalline testosterone (three 30 cm capsules), dihydrotestosterone (five 30 cm capsules) or oestradiol (one 6.5 cm capsule). Blood samples were taken at 10 min intervals for 6 h 2 weeks after implantation to determine serum steroid concentrations and to characterize the patterns of LH secretion. Pituitary LH response to exogenous LRH (5 ng/kg body weight) were also determined at the same time. The steroid implants produced serum concentrations of the respective hormones which were either one-third (testosterone) or two-to-four times (dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol) the levels measured in rams at the time of castration. Non-implanted wethers showed rhythmic pulses of LH (pulse interval 40–60 min) and had elevated LH levels (16.1 ± 1.6 ng/ml; mean ± se) 2 weeks after castration. All three steroids suppressed pulsatile LH release and reduced mean LH levels (to below 3 ng/ml) and pituitary LH responses to LRH. Inhibition of pulsatile LH secretion by all three steroids indicated that testosterone as well as its androgenic and oestrogenic metabolites can inhibit the LRH pulse generator in the hypothalamus. Additional feedback on the pituitary was indicated by the dampened LH responses to exogenous LRH.

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Consideration of Core Material of Burst Pulse Generator with Magnetic Switch Type Nonlinear Transmission Line

IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials ◽

10.1541/ieejfms.139.307 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 139 (6) ◽

pp. 307-308

Author(s):

Hiromi Sato ◽

Keita Yasu ◽

Yasushi Minamitani

Keyword(s):

Transmission Line ◽

Pulse Generator ◽

Core Material ◽

Magnetic Switch ◽

Nonlinear Transmission Line ◽

Nonlinear Transmission ◽

Switch Type ◽

Burst Pulse

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DESIGN OF HIGH PERFORMANCE PULSE GENERATOR TO PERFORM AUTOMATIC TEST IN VLSI CIRCUITS

i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering ◽

10.26634/jele.9.3.15953 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

P. LOKESH ◽

V. THRIMURTHULU ◽

PRIYA L. MIHIRA ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Pulse Generator ◽

Vlsi Circuits ◽

Automatic Test

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SELECTION OF THE DRIVE OF THE PULSE GENERATOR FOR WAVE DEFORMATION HARDENING

PROBLEMS OF APPLIED MECHANICS ◽

10.30987/conferencearticle_5fd1ed04240555.15450088 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrey Kirichek ◽

Dmitriy Solovyev

Keyword(s):

Strain Hardening ◽

Pulse Generator ◽

Surface Plastic Deformation ◽

Surface Plastic ◽

Impact Frequency ◽

Metal Consumption ◽

Pulse Generators ◽

Energy Impact ◽

Deformation Hardening ◽

Selection Of

The article is devoted to the analysis of known structures of impact devices used in industry in order to obtain recommendations for their adaptation or when creating new structures for wave strain hardening by surface plastic deformation. The analysis was carried out on the used drive and on the main parameters of impact devices: impact energy, impact frequency, relative metal consumption and efficiency. The options are the best combinations of parameters for electric, pneumatic and hydraulic drives. Recommendations are given on the use of such devices, with appropriate adaptation, as pulse generators for wave strain hardening.

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Reoperation for device infection and erosion following deep brain stimulation implantable pulse generator placement

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2019.3.jns183023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 133 (2) ◽

pp. 403-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Travis J. Atchley ◽

Nicholas M. B. Laskay ◽

Brandon A. Sherrod ◽

A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman ◽

Harrison C. Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Movement Disorders ◽

Pulse Generator ◽

Rank Test ◽

Implantable Pulse Generator ◽

Device Infection ◽

Deep Brain

OBJECTIVEInfection and erosion following implantable pulse generator (IPG) placement are associated with morbidity and cost for patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems. Here, the authors provide a detailed characterization of infection and erosion events in a large cohort that underwent DBS surgery for movement disorders.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed consecutive IPG placements and replacements in patients who had undergone DBS surgery for movement disorders at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between 2013 and 2016. IPG procedures occurring before 2013 in these patients were also captured. Descriptive statistics, survival analyses, and logistic regression were performed using generalized linear mixed effects models to examine risk factors for the primary outcomes of interest: infection within 1 year or erosion within 2 years of IPG placement.RESULTSIn the study period, 384 patients underwent a total of 995 IPG procedures (46.4% were initial placements) and had a median follow-up of 2.9 years. Reoperation for infection occurred after 27 procedures (2.7%) in 21 patients (5.5%). No difference in the infection rate was observed for initial placement versus replacement (p = 0.838). Reoperation for erosion occurred after 16 procedures (1.6%) in 15 patients (3.9%). Median time to reoperation for infection and erosion was 51 days (IQR 24–129 days) and 149 days (IQR 112–285 days), respectively. Four patients with infection (19.0%) developed a second infection requiring a same-side reoperation, two of whom developed a third infection. Intraoperative vancomycin powder was used in 158 cases (15.9%) and did not decrease the infection risk (infected: 3.2% with vancomycin vs 2.6% without, p = 0.922, log-rank test). On logistic regression, a previous infection increased the risk for infection (OR 35.0, 95% CI 7.9–156.2, p < 0.0001) and a lower patient BMI was a risk factor for erosion (BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2: OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1–8.6, p = 0.03).CONCLUSIONSIPG-related infection and erosion following DBS surgery are uncommon but clinically significant events. Their respective timelines and risk factors suggest different etiologies and thus different potential corrective procedures.

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