scholarly journals Resolving Tensions between Outer Form and Inner Form in Fugue: A Comparative Analysis of J. S. Bach’s Fugue in D minor (WTC I)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Marlowe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Voice Leading ◽  
Tonal Structure ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
Schenkerian Theory ◽  
Formal Design

This study offers a comparative analysis of J. S. Bach’s Fugue in D minor, from the Well-Tempered Clavier Book I (WTC I). Detailed examination of multiple divergent readings of the same musical excerpts raises important questions about Schenkerian theory and its application to fugal textures. I suggest that analytical discrepancies arise primarily when voice-leading concerns are not completely disentangled from our deeply rooted views of formal design in fugue. In the end, an over-reliance on the details of outer form risks blocking access to the fugue’s inner form. I identify and resolve significant differences that emerge at the foreground in these readings, later considering how a combined view of formal design (outer form) and tonal structure (inner form) resolves ambiguities and enhances our understanding of the work as a whole.

Clinical-neurosonographic parallels of intracranial hemorrhagies in early childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Sh. Sh. Shamansurov ◽  
Sh. H. Saidazizova ◽  
S. O. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhages ◽  
Risk Of Hemorrhage ◽  
Neurological State

Objective. Conduct a comparative analysis of clinical and neurosonographic indicators of intracranial hemorrhage in infants.Materials and methods. In the clinical part of the study, 68 patients took part in the acute / acute periods of intracranial hemorrhage, which we took for the study on the basis of the Tashkent City Children's Clinical Hospital No1. Gender ratios of which were 69.1% boys (47 children) and 30.9% girls (21 children), from birth to 2 months of life (average age at the time of hemorrhage is 36.28 ± 9.85 days). Diagnostic examination included neurosonography (NSG) of all children in the first 24 hours of the implementation of intracranial hemorrhages on admission to the clinic.Results. According to our study of 68 children with intracranial hemorrhage, it turned out that the average age of morbidity was 36.28 ± 9.85 days (p < 0.001) Neurosonographic indicators stated the presence of parenchymal hemorrhage (right and left hemisphere), SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage), hemorrhage into the trunk, IVH (intraventricular hemorrhage) II, IVH III. According to neurosonography, parenchymal hemorrhage (right-16 or left hemisphere-21) was observed in 37 patients, SAH and IVH-II 21 (30.9%) patients, IVH III – in 17 (25%) patients, hemorrhage in 3 (4.4%) brain stem of patientsConclusion. Analysis of the implementation of hemorrhage showed that not always small gestational age is the risk of hemorrhage. Cases of less severe changes (27%) on NSG with a coarser clinical picture and vice versa (15%), necessitate (taking into account the severity of the neurological state), a more detailed examination, including visualization (CT, MRI).

scholarly journals Incremental residential densification and urban spatial justice: The case of England between 2001 and 2011

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802093696
Author(s):  
Peter Bibby ◽  
John Henneberry ◽  
Jean-Marie Halleux
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Residential Space ◽  
The City

Study of the relation between urban density and social equity has been based mostly upon comparative analysis at the city level. It therefore fails to address variations in intra-urban experience and sheds no light on the process of urban densification. Incremental residential development is particularly poorly recorded and under-researched, yet cumulatively it makes a substantial contribution to the supply of dwellings. The article presents a detailed examination of this form of development in England between 2001 and 2011, and considers its impact on urban spatial justice. We find that the incidence of soft residential densification was very uneven. It had disproportionately large effects on neighbourhoods that were already densely developed and that were characterised by lower income households with access to relatively little residential space. It thus contributed to an increase in the level of inequality in the distribution of residential space, increasing socio-spatial injustice.

SCHUBERT, SCHENKER AND THE ART OF SETTING GERMAN POETRY

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM DRABKIN
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Voice Leading ◽  
Heinrich Schenker ◽  
Musical Expression ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Tonal Structure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Nearly half a century after gaining a solid footing in the academic world, the achievements of Heinrich Schenker remain associated more with tonal structure and coherence than with musical expression. The focus of his published work, exemplified largely by instrumental music from the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, supports this view. There are just five short writings about music for voices: two essays on Bach’s St Matthew Passion, one on the opening number from Haydn’s Creation, and two on Schubert songs. To be sure, romantic lieder appear as music examples for the larger theory books, but there they serve as illustrations of harmony, voice leading and form, rather than the relationship of word to tone.

scholarly journals The influence of media on the perception of the image of different countries: a comparative analysis on the example of Cuba and Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-543
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Gegelova ◽  
Yarileisy Barcelay Ramirez ◽  
Alexandra D. Rebrova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
International Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cuban Population

The article presents a comparative analysis of the bilateral perception of the image of Russia and Cuba. The study based on a survey of citizens and analysis of publications of the media of Cuba and Russia. The purpose of the study is to explore the actual problem of the formation of the image of the country in a foreign socio-cultural and media spaces. The article applies an integrated systematic approach and the use of interdisciplinary methods and techniques. In the conclusion the actual opinions of the Cuban population about Russia and Russian citizens about Cuba is identified on basis of the carried out a social survey and detailed examination of the publications about these countries in the international media, as well as in the media of both countries. The results of this work can be used by the relevant agencies of both the Russian Federation and the Republic of Cuba to further strengthen the positive image of their country through the media.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIELECTRIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLES BASED ON POLYETHYLENETEREPHTALATE

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Cerović ◽  
Jablan Dojčilović ◽  
Ivan Petronijević ◽  
Dušan Popović
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Dielectric Parameters ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Woven Structures ◽  
Β Relaxation

Widespread use of polymeric materials from the items for daily use to electrical engineering, electronics and medical applications causes a need for their detailed examination under various external influences. Dielectric spectroscopy allows monitoring changes in the structure of polymers under various external influences. In this paper we analyzed β relaxation recorded in polymer woven structures and meshes based on polyethyleneterephtalate. Based on the results obtained, a comparative analysis of dielectric parameters and structural characteristics of the samples was done.

scholarly journals Voice-Leading Transformation and Generative Theories of Tonal Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Yust
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Voice Leading ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Piano Sonata ◽  
Tonal Structure ◽  
Tonal Hierarchy ◽  
Representational Model ◽  
Extended Analysis ◽  
Analytical Practice ◽  
Generative System

Numerous generative approaches to explaining tonal structure and/or Schenker’s theories have been proposed since Babbitt noted a resemblance between Schenker’s analytical method and Chomskian generative grammars in 1965. One of the more challenging features of Schenker’s theory to replicate in a generative system is the interaction of counterpoint and hierarchy. Many theorists, such as Lerdahl and Jackendoff, skirt the problem by developing non-contrapuntal systems, meaning ones that do not allow for layers with conflicting hierarchical descriptions.This article tackles the counterpoint problem by first proposing a dynamic model for tonal hierarchy, which matches the usage of basic Schenkerian symbols (slurs and beams), and differs from the representational model used by Lerdahl and Jackendoff and others. I then summarize Schenker’s argument for a contrapuntal theory of tonal structure and show that this implies a relativity of contrapuntal voices to structural level which necessitates a theory of voice-leading transformation. This concept of voice-leading transformation marks a crucial turning point in Schenker’s analytical practice leading directly to his theory of levels, and is fundamental to understanding his late theory. The article also operationalizes the idea of voice-leading transformations within a generative system, and illustrates it with short analyses of themes from Bach’sPartitasand an extended analysis of the Menuetto from Beethoven’s Op. 21 Piano Sonata. In the latter analysis the concept of voice-leading transformation facilitates the discovery of an exceptional feature in the deep middleground of the piece.

scholarly journals Canons as Hypermetrical Transitions in Mozart

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Bakulina
Keyword(s):  
String Quartet ◽  
Voice Leading ◽  
Chamber Works ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Metrical Pattern ◽  
Schenkerian Theory ◽  
Musical Cues

This article explores gradual hypermetrical shifts, or hypermetrical transitions, in imitative contexts. The concept of hypermetrical transition, introduced by David Temperley, presupposes metrical conflict in the course of the transition. My principal goal is to place imitative metrical conflicts in the context of Schenkerian theory and to propose that each imitative part may suggest its own middleground structure, based on this part’s individual metrical pattern. The relative validity of the two resulting voice-leading graphs, based on harmonic and other musical cues, is then viewed as a tool for “measuring” the smoothness of the shift. The article includes analyses of several imitative passages from Mozart’s chamber works and culminates in a discussion of a lengthy canon from the String Quartet K. 499, movement 1, an exemplary case of a smooth hypermetrical transition.

scholarly journals Schenkerian Theory, Neo-Riemannian Theory and Late Schubert: A Lesson from Tovey

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Rusch
Keyword(s):  
Voice Leading ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
Tonal Hierarchy ◽  
Schenkerian Theory ◽  
Chord Function

Current analytical studies on Schubert’s tonality have tended to favour either Schenkerian theory or, more recently, neo-Riemannian theory to explain the composer’s signature harmonic progressions. What remains unclear with respect to these two prevailing analytical purviews is the extent to which one may relate to the other.This article offers a new way of understanding how Schenkerian and neo-Riemannian views of Schubert’s late tonal practices may be complementary, using Tovey’s concept of key-relations from his article ‘Tonality in Schubert’ of 1928. It suggests that Tovey’s key-relations can function as a bridge between these two theories because they approximate parsimonious voice-leading operations while preserving chord function within a tonal hierarchy. In forming an intermediate pathway between Schenkerian diatony and neo-Riemannian theory’s parsimonious voice-leading operations, Tovey’s key-relations highlight the important contributions that Schenkerian theory and neo-Riemannian theory offer to our understanding of Schubert’s tonality.

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