Institutions of Restraint: The Missing Element in Pakistan’s Governance (Distinguished Lecture)

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4I) ◽  
pp. 511-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishrat Husain
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Arbitrary Action ◽  
Missing Element

Governance and Institutions are not ends in themselves but it is well known by now that good governance and effectively functioning institutions are required, along with sensible policies and well designed public investment, to improve resource allocation and comparative advantage, enhance productivity, facilitate more efficient markets and distribute the benefits of growth more equitably in any economy. How do Governance and Institutions interact? Governance refers to the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources. Good governance requires checks and balances in a country’s institutional infrastructure, such that politicians and bureaucrats have the flexibility to pursue the common good, while restraining arbitrary action and corruption. The state’s monopoly on coercion, coupled with access to information not available to the general public, creates opportunities for public officials to promote their own interests, or those of friends or allies, at the expense of general interest. The probabilities for rent seeking and corruption are considerable

scholarly journals UNE SOURCE À REDÉCOUVRIR: LES PREMIÈRES ARCHIVES DU PARLEMENT DE PARIS, LES OLIM (1254-1318)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Canon Law ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
King Of France ◽  
Complete Index ◽  
Louis Ix

During the XIII century the king of France, king-judge, exercised his sovereign power surrounded by his vassals and above all by his advisers, clergymen with a juridical education in Roman law and Canon law, from which the importance of these judicial sessions at court. Louis IX (St. Louis) strengthened the role and the importance of it through a great reform of the procedure that enlarged the access to the royal justice of appeal to the generality of the subjects. The rigor of the new procedure was also prescribed for the same royal agents as the respect of the “common good” – that is to say the general interest – was also imposed to the feudal castellans. The enormous archives of this court, the Parliament, have been preserved (and they are denominated Olim because of the first word of one of the registers). They are constituted by around 4600 decisions made between 1254 and the 1318. Published in 1848 without a complete summary, they still remain little studied. A complete index of these decisions has been realized by the Centre d’études d’histoire juridique and published online in 2003 (on the CNRS and Université Panthéon Assa, Paris II sites).

Republicanism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Civic Life ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
The Common ◽  
Conflicting Interests

Significant divisions exist in all societies and communities of any size. The expression of these divisions in politics takes many forms, one of them republican. The hallmark of republican politics is the subordination of different interests to the common weal, or what is in the interest of all citizens. To ensure this outcome, government in a republic can never be the exclusive preserve of one interest or social order; it must always be controlled jointly by representatives of all major groups in a society. The degree of control exercised by representatives of different social elements may not be equal, and different styles of government are compatible with republican objectives. However, all republican governments involve power-sharing in some way. Even in a democratic republic political majorities must share power with minorities for the common good to be realized. Maintaining an appropriate balance of political power is the chief problem of republicans. One or another faction may obtain control of government and use it to further its own interests, instead of the common weal. To prevent this republicans have developed a variety of strategies. Some rely on constitutional ‘checks and balances’ to cure the mischief of factionalism. Others seek to minimize factionalization itself by regulating the causes of faction – for example, the distribution of land and other forms of property. Still others promote civic religions in order to bind diverse people together. All these methods accept the inevitability of conflicting interests, and see the need to accommodate them politically. Hence, civic life is at the heart of republicanism.

Styles of Active Citizenship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Braunstein
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Collective Voice ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Common ◽  
Active Citizen

While Chapters 4 and 5 demonstrate a correspondence between Interfaith's and the Patriots’ styles of active citizenship and their respective democratic imaginaries, Chapter 6 specifies a key mechanism through which each group’s way of imagining what it means to be an active citizen influenced how they actually practiced active citizenship. Close attention is paid to moments of disagreement and conflict within each group: over whether to be civil or confrontational in interactions with public officials; whether to pursue self-interest or the common good; whether to speak with a collective voice or as individuals; and whether to attempt to replace or persuadeelected officials who did not represent the groups’ interests. In each case, the choices both groups’ made were shaped by conscious considerations of what kinds of actions were most appropriate for “groups like them,” in light of their ideal visions of how citizens in a diverse democracy should interact with one another and with government, under God’s watchful gaze. As the groups embraced practices that felt appropriate and rejected others that seemed inappropriate, they were channeled toward different group styles of active citizenship.

Fallacies of Consumerism

2022 ◽  
pp. 78-101
Author(s):  
Arturo Luque González
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Frequency Count ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Determining Factor

The concept of consumerism brings together many of the social transformations that serve as predictors of present and future behaviors and act as vehicles for today's society. Its evolution is diffuse and corresponds to different periods of history that have incorporated the characteristics of desire, superficiality, and exclusivity that drive new needs and potentialities. Its importance underlies the need to analyze 46 theoretical approaches through their categorization in six dimensions and frequency count in Google Scholar. The methodology used a higher-order association, establishing the most significant combinations and weightings. From these results, the concept of consumerism is defined by the economic-social-cultural-ethical categories according to its frequency of use in Google. This shows economic influences as a determining factor, over and above processes that are far from the common good or the general interest.

A Life of Good Governance, Positive Activism, Accountability & Integrated Thinking: An Interview with Mervyn King

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ghio ◽  
Nicholas McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Common

This paper provides a critical discussion of integrated thinking, accountability, and corporate governance through an explorative interview with global corporate governance expert and positive activist Mervyn King. In a period in which the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are encouraging organizations to be connected and accountable to society and the environment, Mervyn King’s groundbreaking global corporate governance vision highlights how organizations may develop a “conscious leadership” to pursue the common good.

scholarly journals THE ANALIZE OF THE FORMS OF GOVERNMENT AND THE PRACTICE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE FROM PLATO TO CONTEMPORANEITY

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 186-201
Author(s):  
Svetlana Slusarenco ◽  
Veronica Pozneacova
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
State Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
The Common

Plato is one of the brilliant philosophers of Antiquity. The thinker made a wide contribution in the philosophy, culture and politics. Plato was the first philosopher who researched the concept of state power and elaborated the mechanism of the changing of the forms of government. Plus, philosopher created the concept of ideal state, based on virtue and the tendency to achieve the common good. The thinker evaluated the position of man in society, his desires and aspirations. In this study, we aimed to analyze the process of the change of the forms of government in the Plato’s point of view, to identify the similarities and qualitative differences between forms of government analyzed by the great philosopher and to compare Plato’s and Aristotle’s doctrines that refers to the forms of government .

Implications and Asymmetries of the Knowledge Society

2022 ◽  
pp. 154-176
Author(s):  
Arturo Luque González
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Frequency Count ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Determining Factor

The term knowledge society brings together many of the transformations that are taking place in today's society, and its definition serves as an indicator of these changes. The related concentrations or asymmetries that arise from the phenomenon are also the subject of analysis and dispute. Its development and scope have been uneven, constantly incorporating new meanings to the existing terminology, hence the need to analyze 82 concepts of the knowledge society through a frequency count in Google Scholar, with a subsequent categorization saturating in six dimensions, in order to analyze their framing. The methodology used a higher-order association, establishing the most significant combinations and weightings. From these results, the concept of the knowledge society is defined by the dual economic-social category, according to its frequency of use in Google. This shows economic influences as a determining factor in the knowledge society, engendering processes far from the common good or the general interest.

scholarly journals Control of the Administration and competition policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
María Pilar Canedo Arrillaga
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
Proper Operation

This article seeks to analyse what is the purpose competition law serves in today’s society and reflect on how significant public authorities are in its application, both with an active and passive role. It analyses the main channels open to competition authorities, in order to bring to light possible breaches of competition principles committed by administrations and which are the most useful tools for stopping them. The paper considers that the role of public administrations in markets as regulators, providers of aid, economic operators or facilitators of contracting between companies is highly significant and may have a major influence on those markets. The proper exercise of these functions results in highly positive values for consumers and in an increase of the common good. Improper actions of the administration can be seriously harmful to the general interest. It concludes that ensuring the proper operation of the markets is essential if periods of economic recession are to be overcome. As such, public administrations must fulfil their mandate of guaranteeing the general good, shying away from sectoral interests that could bring increased short-term benefits but result in dysfunctions and harm for the common good and for consumers.

General will

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Political Community ◽  
General Interest ◽  
General Will ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

The fundamental claim for general will is that the members of a political community, as members, share a public or general interest or good which is for the benefit of them all and which should be put before private interests. When the members put the general good first, they are willing the general will of their community. The claim was given special and influential shape by Rousseau. He produced a comprehensive theory of the legitimacy of the state and of government, revolving around the general will. Some contend this solves the central problem of political philosophy – how the individual can both be obliged to obey the state’s laws, and be free. If laws are made by the general will, aimed at the common good and expressed by all the citizens, the laws must be in accordance with the public interest and therefore in the interest of each, and each is obliged by the law yet free because they are its author. Rousseau’s formulation has been much criticized. But others have found it essentially true and have variously adapted it.

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