scholarly journals Chalcopyrite leaching in acid media: a review

10.30544/526 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grozdanka D. Bogdanović ◽  
Sanja Petrović ◽  
Miroslav Sokić ◽  
Milan M. Antonijević
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Complex Sulfide ◽  
Acidic Sulfate ◽  
Pyrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Sulfide Concentrates

In the modern practice of copper production, more and more attention is paid to the possibility of treating low-percentage sulfide ores that cannot be treated with conventional procedures (crushing, grinding, flotation). In addition to this, the processes of obtaining copper from complex sulfide concentrates, which cannot undergo pyrometallurgical processing, are increasingly being investigated. Extraction of copper from such raw materials is in most cases achieved by applying leaching procedures. Since chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is by far the most abundant copper sulfide mineral, a large portion of the research is focused on studying the behavior of chalcopyrite in the leaching process, because processes of copper extraction from increasingly poor raw materials may be created using results of these studies. In addition, the main objective of this research is examining the kinetics and mechanism of chalcopyrite oxidation under the influence of various oxidants (O2, Fe3 +, H2O2, chlorate ions, etc.) and at the same time obtaining data necessary for the development of copper production process that could satisfy increasingly stringent technological, economic and environmental criteria. The paper presents the existing knowledge of the chalcopyrite leaching procedure and phenomena that accompany chalcopyrite oxidation in acidic sulfate and chloride solutions.

scholarly journals Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Cu and Zn from a Complex Sulfide Mineral by Fe3+/H2SO4 Leaching in the Presence of Carbon-Based Materials

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
María Luisa Álvarez ◽  
José Manuel Fidalgo ◽  
Gabriel Gascó ◽  
Ana Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Iberian Pyrite Belt ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Ferric Sulfate ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Complex Sulfide ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Carbon Based

Chalcopyrite, the main ore of copper, is refractory in sulfuric media with slow dissolution. The most commonly employed hydrometallurgical process for the oxidation of chalcopyrite and copper extraction is the sulfuric acid ferric sulfate system The main objective of the present work is to study the use of cheap carbon-based materials in the leaching of copper and zinc from a sulfide complex mineral from Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). The addition effect of commercial charcoal (VC) and two magnetic biochars (BM and HM) that were obtained by pyrolysis of biomass wastes was compared to that of commercial activated carbon (AC). The experimental results performed in this work have shown that the presence of carbon-based materials significantly influences the kinetics of chalcopyrite leaching in the sulfuric acid ferric sulfate media at 90 °C. The amount of copper and zinc extracted from IPB without the addition of carbon-based material was 63 and 72%, respectively. The highest amount of extracted zinc (>90%) was obtained with the addition of VC and AC in IPB/carbon-based material ratio of 1/0.25 w/w. Moreover, it is possible to recover more than 80% of copper with the addition of VC in a ratio 1/0.25 w/w. Moreover, an optimization of the properties of the carbon-based material for its potential application as catalyst in the leaching of metals from sulfide is necessary.

scholarly journals Efficient and economical degradation of minocycline by natural bornite-activated hydrogen peroxide and persulfate: kinetics and mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taikang Yuan ◽  
Xu-dong Wang ◽  
Xiaochen Zhao ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Hongmin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Copper Extraction

Abstract Natural bornite (NBo), a sulfide mineral of copper and iron, is one of the main mineral raw materials for copper extraction. In this study, NBo-activated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and persulfate processes (PS) for the degradation of minocycline (MNC) in aqueous solution were systemically investigated and compared. The MNC removal rates with the NBo/PS and NBo/H2O2 processes were 86.40% and 87.50%, respectively. The mineralization rate of NBo/PS (33.96%) was higher than that of NBo/H2O2 (29.94%) after reaction for 180 min. The effects of oxidant and activator dosage, pH, common inorganic anions (i.e., Cl−, NO3−, and HCO3−), and water composition on MNC degradation were systematically evaluated. In addition, the degradation of MNC in natural water matrix and toxicity evaluation were also studied to better evaluate the feasibility of practical application of those two processes. The results of free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) showed that HO· was the main activated species in the NBo/H2O2 system, while SO4·− and HO· were the main activated species in the NBo/PS system. The degradation of MNC in the NBo/PS system was achieved through electron transfer, while the degradation of MNC in the NBo/H2O2 system was mainly achieved through free radical addition. The degradation pathway mainly included deamidation reactions, C-C bond breakage and hydroxylation. Reusability of NBo showed that NBo was considerably stable in activating PS and H2O2 for degradation of MNC, which was cost-effective activator. This work provides a new perspective on the degradation mechanism of pollutants by Fe-Cu bimetallic sulfide activation of PS and H2O2.

scholarly journals Copper metallurgy at the crossroads

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Habashi
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Pressure Leaching ◽  
Copper Industry ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copper Metallurgy ◽  
Horizontal Furnace ◽  
Sulfide Concentrates

Copper technology changed from the vertical to the horizontal furnace and from the roast reaction to converting towards the end of the last century. However, the horizontal furnace proved to be an inefficient and polluting reactor. As a result many attempts were made to replace it. In the past 50 years new successful melting processes were introduced on an industrial scale that were more energy efficient and less polluting. In addition, smelting and converting were conducted in a single reactor in which the concentrate was fed and the raw copper was produced. The standing problem in many countries, however, is marketing 3 tonnes of sulfuric acid per tonne of copper produced as well as emitting large amounts of excess SO2 in the atmosphere. Pressure hydrometallurgy offers the possibility of liberating the copper industry from SO2 problem. Heap leaching technology has become a gigantic operation. Combined with solvent extraction and electrowinning it contributes today to about 20% of copper production and is expected to grow. Pressure leaching offers the possibility of liberating the copper industry from SO2 problem. The technology is over hundred years old. It is applied for leaching a variety of ores and concentrates. Hydrothermal oxidation of sulfide concentrates has the enormous advantage of producing elemental sulfur, hence solving the SO2 and sulfuric acid problems found in smelters. Precipitation of metals such as nickel and cobalt under hydrothermal conditions has been used for over 50 years. It has the advantage of a compact plant but the disadvantage of producing ammonium sulfate as a co-product. In case of copper, however, precipitation takes place without the need of neutralizing the acid, which is a great advantage and could be an excellent substitute for electrowinning which is energy intensive and occupies extensive space. Recent advances in the engineering aspects of pressure equipment design open the door widely for increased application. .

Numerical Simulation of Flow Field of Inflation Pressure for Large Complex Sulfide Mineral of Low-Tin Flotation Machine

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
Ming Zhen Hu ◽  
Bo Zeng Wu ◽  
Jin Quan Chen ◽  
Ji Shu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Flotation Machine ◽  
Complex Sulfide ◽  
Flow Field Characteristics ◽  
Machine Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results

For flotation characteristics of complex sulfide mineral of low-tin in Guangxi Dachang mine, fluid dynamics software FLUENT was applied to simulate the turbulence intensity of slurry fluid in flotation machine at different inflation pressures. The effect of flow field characteristics was gotten for flotation machine. Simulation results show that the best inflation pressure was 120000 Pa.

scholarly journals Characterization of dusts from secondary copper production

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
D. Orac ◽  
M. Laubertova ◽  
J. Piroskova ◽  
D. Klein ◽  
R. Bures ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shaft Furnace ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Furnace Shaft ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
The Individual

Various types of waste, including dusts, are produced in the pyrometallurgical production of copper from secondary raw materials. According to the European Waste Catalogue and Hazardous Waste List, dusts from secondary copper production are classified as hazardous waste. In secondary copper production 3.87 million tons of copper were produced worldwide in 2017. The dusts are produced in the following thermal operations: reduction of the melt in the shaft furnace (shaft furnace dust), converting (converter dust), and pyrometallurgical refining (refining dust). These dusts contain significant amounts of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, and Sn) in oxidic forms. The dusts are regarded as secondary raw materials, and it is necessary to look for ways of extracting these heavy metals. The aim of this work was to characterize the individual types of dust and determine their quantitative and qualitative composition. The content of heavy metals in copper shaft furnace dust is (52.16% Zn, 19.33% Pb), in copper converter dust (32.40% Zn, 14.46% Pb), and in refining dust (32.99% Zn).

scholarly journals Technology of Processing Slags of Copper Production using Local Secondary Technogenic Formations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5461-5472 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Perfect Mixing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Copper Losses

The article considers the inevitability of copper losses with slag and the possibility of reducing them by various methods and using local secondary technogenic formations. It has been established that the developed and widely used in industry technologies for slag decontamination only partially solve the problem and lead to significant irretrievable losses of metal with dump slag. The main factors affecting the magnitude of the losses are established and suggestions for reducing their negative impact are recommended. The use of perfect mixing devices is recommended, as in this case, it is possible to achieve a maximum reduction in the residual concentration of copper in the waste slag. Together, it is possible to achieve an increase in the complexity of the use of raw materials with the organization and implementation of low-waste technology.

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