Reconsidering the tomb of Aulus Hirtius

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Gerding
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Historical Sources

Since its discovery, the tomb of Aulus Hirtius in Rome has been regarded as a firmly dated monument and, thus, constituted a widely used fixed point for those tracing the early development of Roman brick architecture. However, several peculiarities regarding the construction of the tomb and its inscriptions strongly indicate that the present dating, which is based on historical sources, may not be correct. In this note it is suggested by the author that the original tomb was destroyed and thoroughly remodelled in the early or mid-Augustan period. Some general implications of this regarding the introduction of brick architecture in Rome are also considered.

The Nusayris in Medieval Syria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Winter
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Early Development ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Historical Sources

This chapter re-examines the early development of the ʻAlawi community and its situation in western Syria in the medieval period in the wider context of what might be termed Islamic provincial history. It starts from the premise that the conventional image of the “Nusayris” has largely been fashioned by elite historical sources whose discourse on nonorthodox groups is a priori negative but which, when read against the grain and compared with other sources, can yield a less essentializing, less conflicting account of the community's development. In particular, the chapter aims to show that the ʻAlawi faith was not the deviant, marginal phenomenon it has retrospectively been made out to be but, on the contrary, constituted, and was treated by the contemporary authorities as, a normal mode of rural religiosity in Syria.

scholarly journals “Far more fair than black”: Othellos on the Chilean Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (37) ◽  
pp. 139-170
Author(s):  
Paula Baldwin Lind
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Exact Date ◽  
Visual Dimension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shakespearean Tragedy

This article reviews part of the stage history of Shakespeare’s Othello in Chile and, in particular, it focuses on two performances of the play: the first, in 1818, and the last one in 2012-2020. By comparing both productions, I aim to establish the exact date and theatrical context of the first Chilean staging of the Shakespearean tragedy using historical sources and English travellers’ records, as well as to explore how the representation of a Moor and of blackness onstage evolved both in its visual dimension — the choice of costumes and the use of blackface—, and in its racial connotations alongside deep social changes. During the nineteenth century Othello became one of the most popular plays in Chile, being performed eleven times in the period of 31 years, a success that also occurred in Spain between 1802 and 1833. The early development of Chilean theatre was very much influenced not only by the ideas of the Spaniards who arrived in the country, but also by the available Spanish translations of Shakespeare; therefore, I argue that the first performances of Othello as Other — different in origin and in skin colour — were characterised by an imitative style, since actors repeated onstage the biased image of Moors that Spaniards had brought to Chile. While the assessment of Othello and race is not new, this article contrasts in its scope, as I do not discuss the protagonist’s actual origin, but how the changes in Chilean social and cultural contexts can reshape and reconfigure the performance of blackness and turn it into a meaningful translation of the Shakespearean Moor that activates audiences’ awareness of racism and fears of miscegenation.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Classical social reward signatures in infants with later ASD

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Gliga ◽  
Mayada Elsabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Socially Motivated

Abstract Autistic individuals can be socially motivated. We disagree with the idea that self-report is sufficient to understand their social drive. Instead, we underscore evidence for typical non-verbal signatures of social reward during the early development of autistic individuals. Instead of focusing on whether or not social motivation is typical, research should investigate the factors that modulate social drives.

Early Development of Drug-Induced Hepatic Necrosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
E. Detzi ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Studies

This study represents the first in a series of investigations carried out to elucidate the mechanism(s) of early hepatocellular damage induced by drugs and other related compounds. During screening tests of CNS-active compounds in rats, it has been found that daily oral administration of one of these compounds at a dose level of 40 mg. per kg. of body weight induced diffuse massive hepatic necrosis within 7 weeks in Charles River Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Partial hepatectomy enhanced the development of this peculiar type of necrosis (3 weeks instead of 7) while treatment with phenobarbital prior to the administration of the drug delayed the appearance of necrosis but did not reduce its severity.Electron microscopic studies revealed that early development of this liver injury (2 days after the administration of the drug) appeared in the form of small dark osmiophilic vesicles located around the bile canaliculi of all hepatocytes (Fig. 1). These structures differed from the regular microbodies or the pericanalicular multivesicular bodies. They first appeared regularly rounded with electron dense matrix bound with a single membrane. After one week on the drug, these vesicles appeared vacuolated and resembled autophagosomes which soon developed whorls of concentric lamellae or cisterns characteristic of lysosomes (Fig. 2). These lysosomes were found, later on, scattered all over the hepatocytes.

The early development of antenna and antennal sensilla in the noctuid moth, Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eric Hallberg ◽  
Lina Hansén
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
Standard Procedures

The antennal rudiments in lepidopterous insects are present as disks during the larval stage. The tubular double-walled antennal disk is present beneath the larval antenna, and its inner layer gives rise to the adult antenna during the pupal stage. The sensilla develop from a cluster of cells that are derived from one stem cell, which gives rise to both sensory and enveloping cells. During the morphogenesis of the sensillum these cells undergo major transformations, including cell death. In the moth Agrotis segetum the pupal stage lasts about 14 days (temperature, 25°C). The antennae, clearly seen from the exterior, were dissected and fixed according to standard procedures (3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacaodylate buffer, followed by 1 % osmiumtetroxide in the same buffer). Pupae from day 1 to day 8, of both sexes were studied.

Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Uyen Tram ◽  
William Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

A Reflection on Crucial Periods in 50 Years of Social Psychology (in Germany)

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Katja Corcoran ◽  
Michael Häfner ◽  
Mathias Kauff ◽  
Stefan Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Early Development ◽  
West Germany ◽  
East And West Germany ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
East And West

Abstract. In this article, we reflect on 50 years of the journal Social Psychology. We interviewed colleagues who have witnessed the history of the journal. Based on these interviews, we identified three crucial periods in Social Psychology’s history, that are (a) the early development and further professionalization of the journal, (b) the reunification of East and West Germany, and (c) the internationalization of the journal and its transformation from the Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie to Social Psychology. We end our reflection with a discussion of changes that occurred during these periods and their implication for the future of our field.

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