scholarly journals Climate Variability on Growing Season Rainfall and Temperature: its impact on sustainable agriculture in Imo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajiere S
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
The Impact

Rainfall and Temperature are important factors in agriculture especially in Nigeria where rain-fed agriculture is practiced extensively and agriculture contributes to food security and provides employment for urban and rural dwellers. Therefore, climate variability poses a big threat to agriculture by altering the growing season rainfall and temperature, thereby resulting to serious danger in the sustainability of food. This is why all nations of the world are concerned about the effects of climate variability on agriculture. This work therefore, examined the impact of climate variability on growing season rainfall and temperature in Imo State, South Eastern Nigeria. The rainfall and temperature data were obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) for a period of 30 years which was analyzed using descriptive statistics, decadal distribution, trend graph anomalies and 5 year moving average. The analysis showed increasing trend in annual mean maximum, minimum temperature and decrease in mean rainfall, The third order polynomial trend shows a decrease in the anomaly of annual mean rainfall (y = -0.0002x4) and a persistent increase in the mean temperature anomaly especially in the second decade (1996-2007).The findings show that there is a notable variability in the pattern of rainfall and temperature which revealed  an  increase in temperature and decrease in growing season rainfall. This calls for serious attention as people in this part of Nigeria critically depend on rainfall for agricultural practices. It is recommended that government should support the agricultural sector by providing mechanized farming systems such as irrigation and drilling of water borehole in farm sites for agriculture, especially for the rural farmers and create awareness to the farmers on recent trends in climate issues to achieve sustainability of food.

scholarly journals Оптимізація контролю забур’яненості посівів сої за різних систем землеробства у Правобережному Лісостепу України

2015 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
С. П. Танчик ◽  
О. П. Мигловець
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Continuous Action ◽  
Action System ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

Приведені результати досліджень зі впливу ґрунтових та страхових гербіцидів на забур’яненість посівів сої під час вирощування її за різних систем  землеробства (промислова та no-till). Встановлено, що найбільша ефективність дії ґрунтових і страхових гербіцидів та найменший рівень забур’яненості відмічений під час застосування бакових сумішей як до появи сходів, так і в період веґетації культури, що впливає на формування врожаю сої. Допосівна бур’янова синузія ефективно знищується гербіцидами суцільної дія за системи no-till. The main results of research on the impact of soil and insurance herbicides on weediness of crops for cultivation of soybean under different farming systems (industrial and no-till) are presented. It was established that the greatest efficiency of soil and insurance herbicides and the lowest level of contamination was marked in the application of tank mixes before sprouting and during the growing season and crops, which influences the crop soybeans. Pre-sowing weed synusia is effectively destroyed by total herbicides continuous action system of no-till.

Climate variability, vulnerability and effectiveness of farm-level adaptation options: the challenges and implications for food security in Southwestern Cameroon

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest L. Molua
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
The Impact

The risks associated with increasing climate variability pose technological and economic challenges to societies which are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. In Southwestern Cameroon the natural variability of rainfall and temperatures contribute to variability in agricultural production and food insecurity. This paper explores the impact of climate variability in Southwestern Cameroon on food availability. It examines farm household's vulnerability to food availability relating to climate, and reviews the interplay of climate, agriculture, and prospects for food security in the region. An econometric function directly relates farm income and precipitation, in order to statistically estimate the significance of farm-level adaptation methods. The results reveal that precipitation during growing and adaptation methods through changes in soil tillage and crop rotation practices have significant effects on farm returns. An essential precondition for food security and overall agricultural development in Southwestern Cameroon is a dynamic agricultural sector brought about both by steady increase in agricultural production and by greater efforts in farmer support, to enable farm households to take advantage of the opportunities and to minimize the negative impacts of climate variation on agriculture.

Food scarcity and state vulnerability: Unpacking the link between climate variability and violent unrest

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T Jones ◽  
Eleonora Mattiacci ◽  
Bear F Braumoeller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Structural Vulnerability ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Increased scholarly focus on climate variability and its implications has given rise to a substantial literature on the relationship between climate-induced food insecurity and violent conflict. In this article, we theorize this relationship as contingent on the institutional and structural vulnerability of the state. States’ institutional and structural capabilities and constraints – such as the strength of the agricultural sector and domestic regime type – influence the probability that climate-induced food insecurity will translate into conflict, because they determine the degree to which countries are able to successfully address insecurity. We estimate the effect of food insecurity and state vulnerability on the occurrence of violent uprisings in Africa for the years 1991–2011. We find that these effects are interactive, with state vulnerability moderating the impact of food insecurity on the likelihood of violence. We also find that capable governance is an even better guarantor of peace than good weather. We conclude that a two-pronged approach that both combats the impact of climate variability on food insecurity and strengthens government institutions would be a much more effective strategy for preventing violent uprisings than either policy would be in isolation.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impact of a Major Hydro-Agricultural Project in Low Mondego Area (Portugal)

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Maria Cunha ◽  
João Marques ◽  
José Azevedo ◽  
Ana Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Surplus ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Human Interventions ◽  
Anthropogenic Nitrogen ◽  
The Impact

The Low Mondego (Baixo Mondego, in Portuguese) river basin has been considerably modified by human interventions to prevent floods and to improve agricultural conditions over recent decades. This work analyzes the main impacts arising from those interventions and the socio-economic context in which they occurred. The development and application of a framework to compute the variation of the nitrogen surplus between 1986 and 2018 in the Low Mondego watershed in the central part Portugal is presented. The nitrogen mass balances take into consideration different land use types, inputs and outputs, thereby making it possible to understand how human interventions have impacted the variation of the surplus. It is noticeable that the major nitrogen sources are related to the agricultural sector. However, factors such as the implementation of the Code of Good Agricultural Practices, as well as social conditions, and regulations to reduce nitrogen emissions to the atmosphere helped to cut the nitrogen surplus. This work shows how improving the agricultural conditions has served to increase the crop productivity in improved areas. Very particular social circumstances led to the reduction in anthropogenic nitrogen sources, which has been accompanied by a decline in the nitrogen that is exported at the river outlet.

scholarly journals Bønder som klimahelte. Kan og vil landbruget bidrage?

Politica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-477
Author(s):  
Karin Hilmer Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Sustainable Farming ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Kan og vil landbruget bidrage til reduktion af drivhusgasser? Undersøgelser tyder på, at der i landbrugssektoren findes et stort og uudnyttet potentiale for relativt billig reduktion af drivhusgasser. Selvom måling af reduktion i udledning af drivhusgasser inden for landbrugssektoren er behæftet med omfattende usikkerhed, vil man ved at måle reduktion indirekte gennem relative ændringer i produktionsprocesser kunne inkludere landbrugssektoren i reguleringsordninger. Spørgsmålet er, hvordan man kan få landbruget til at bidrage. Yi overvejer brugen af standarder, grønne afgifter og omsættelige kvoter. Vi finder, at landbrugssektoren vil have en ikke ubetydelig interesse i at få tildelt kvoter og deltage i det europæiske kvotesystem, EU ETS. Landbrugets deltagelse er imidlertid ikke uproblematisk, men kræver styring og kontrolforanstaltninger, hvis kvoteordningerne ikke i stedet skal blive til Varm luft’. Rewarding farmers for carbon sequestration will enhance the carbon storage potential of the agricultural sector. Implementing sustainable farming systems that sequester net carbon does not require advanced technology. However, economic incentives are needed to enable farmers to implement more sustainable agricultural practices (IFAP, 2009).

scholarly journals Export-Import Performance of Major Agricultural Commodities in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Kumar Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Indian Product

Recent trends in the international trade scenario and related shifts in India’s foreign trade policy have had far-reaching consequences for India’s general agricultural sector and, in particular, for agricultural exports. The Indian product of agriculture has played an important part in the global product of agriculture. For many agricultural commodities, India used to be the key export spot. The present study established the growth and output of agricultural exports from India during the time (2000-2019). India is the top tenth exporter of agricultural products in the world. Top exports comprise sugar, beef, rice, and shrimp. Export of principal agricultural products including rice, wheat, sugar, cotton, fruits, and vegetables are ‘free’ whereas export of pulses (excluding chickpea) and edible vegetable oil in bulk (excluding coconut and rice bran oils) are ‘restricted’ to meet domestic demand. Indian agricultural exports have increased, but the proportion of agricultural exports to the country’s overall exports has decreased. The research also explores the evolving behavior of the allocation of each category of commodities to the overall agricultural export basket. It covers the major agricultural products/crops which, over different periods, contribute to the maximum share of total agricultural exports (2000-2019). Higher agricultural exports would mean better price realization for farmers, increased awareness regarding good agricultural practices, and consequently thrust for quality also.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Agricultural Diversity in the Farm Households of Southern Tibet

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5756
Author(s):  
Colin Brown ◽  
Lava Prakash Yadav ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Deqing Zhouma
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
External Input ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Southern Tibet ◽  
Agrarian Transition ◽  
The Impact

Farming systems in Tibet are undergoing significant change as farm households are encouraged to shift from more subsistence-oriented staple cereals to more intensive, diverse, and integrated forage crop livestock systems reliant on engagement with external input and product markets. This is occurring at a time of rapid agrarian transition with more and more of the livelihoods, income, and expenditures of farm households dependent on off-farm sources. Modernizing an agricultural sector that can sustain the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and meet the demands of an ever more discerning customer base all within the confines of a limited resource base has proved a major R&D and policy challenge for Tibetan and Chinese officials, let alone the farmers and market actors impacted by these developments. In this paper, key drivers impacting diversity in Tibetan farm households, including agrarian transition and demographic, infrastructure, and food price developments, are outlined. The impact on household economics and on the environment of the more intensive and diverse farming systems are then discussed, along with the attitudes of farm households to the changing farming systems and to their future in farming. The paper finds significant labor and environmental challenges that farm households and policy makers must grapple with if the farming system and agrarian transition trajectories are to be sustained.

scholarly journals Climate-smart Agricultural Practices in Agro-climatic Zones of Meghalaya: A Social Network Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alethea Dympep ◽  
R. J. Singh ◽  
L. Hemochandra ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To understand the flow of information of Climate Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices among the farmers, the factors that impede this flow and the impact of the social network on adapting CSA practices. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in hilly state, Meghalaya, India between August 2016 and April 2017. Methodology: A sample of 120 farmers was selected from agriculturally vulnerable villages to climate change by snowball sampling. The villages were selected from two Agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of the state, Meghalaya. UCINET software was utilised for analysing the Social Network Analysis (SNA) of the community with the performance index used to measure the impact in adopting CSA practices. Results: The network centralization index obtained in Tropical ACZ was relatively high (0.63) depicting a fragile social network as farmers relied on certain central actors for information and if these actors were to be removed, many farmers would be left isolated. However, in Sub-tropical ACZ, a low index (0.37) was attained implying that farmers had maximum connections in the network. Very low cohesion density measures (<0.05) was obtained in both the ACZs portraying a slow rate of diffusion of information on CSA in the farming community. Further, the homophily index of SNA indicated that the farmers tend to associate more with other farmers having similar socio-economic characteristics. The impact of the social networks in both of the ACZs were highest (68.30%) under low, and (63.30%) under the medium adoption levels of CSA practices in Tropical and Sub-tropical ACZs. Conclusion: Hence improving access to climate information is an important step to improve the livelihood of people in such variable conditions. With a better understanding of the social factors that influence the flow of knowledge and the adoption of CSA practices in the agricultural sector, researchers and policy makers could be able to identify and reduce barriers to technology diffusion and adoption.

scholarly journals The Prospect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Precision Agriculture for Farming Systems Productivity in Sub-Tropical India: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
R. K. Naresh ◽  
M. Sharath Chandra ◽  
. Vivek ◽  
. Shivangi ◽  
G. R. Charankumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Food Safety And Quality

Agriculture is becoming more integrated in the agro-food chain and the global market, while environmental, food safety and quality are also increasingly impacting on the sector. It is facing with new challenges to meet growing demands for food, to be internationally competitive and to produce agricultural products of high quality. To cope with these challenges, Agriculture requires a continuous and sustainable increase in productivity and efficiency on all levels of agricultural production, while resources like water, energy, fertilizers etc. need to be used carefully and efficiently in order to protect and maintain the soil quality and environment. Consequently, Agriculture needs help in handling the complexity, uncertainty and fuzziness inherent in this domain. It requires new solutions for all aspects of agricultural farming, including precision farming and optimized resource application. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology helps various industries to improve production and productivity. In agriculture, AI also allows farmers to increase their productivity and reduce negative environmental impacts. AI is changing the way our food is processed, where emissions from the agricultural sector have decreased by 20%. Together with precision agriculture (PA) and other emerging technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) can play a key role in modernizing agricultural practices and achieving the goal of improving the productivity of alternative arable cropping systems. In offering progressive change with advanced approaches, AI's future in agriculture is well ahead. The aim of this paper is to review various agricultural intelligence applications and to reduce the use of colossal amounts of chemicals with the aid of these technologies, resulting in reduced spending, improved soil fertility and increased productivity. With AI tools and machine learning, farmers can improve yields, protect their crops and have a much more reliable source of food.

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