Allelopathic Potential of Three Oil Enriched Plants against Seedling Growth of Common Field Crops

Current study aims to investigate into the allelopathic potential of the different parts (leaf, bark, stem, twig and root) of three oil-enrich plant species of Bangladesh viz., Jatropha curcus, Ricinus communis and Aphanamixis polystachya. The aqueous extract of those plant parts were diluted into four different concentrations viz., 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20 (w/v) and tested against the seedling growth of jute, rice, wheat, radish, tomato, mungbean and mustard under control laboratory condition. A control (distilled water without extract) was also maintained in every cases and the bioassay experiment was replicated thrice. The results of this research showed that the shoot and root growth inhibition of rice, wheat, jute, tomato, radish, mungbean and mustard by leaf, bark, stem, twig and root extracts of J. curcus, R. communis and A. polystachya varied significantly. Compare to the shoot growth, the root growth of the test species inhibited more except J. curcus. The leaf and root have higher allelopathic potential than any other parts of the studied plants. Finally, it can be concluded here that J. curcus plant extracts has higher allelopathic potential than other two plants R. communis and A. polystachya. Therefore, J. curcus can be used as a candidate plant for isolation and identification of allelopathic substances for the development of new natural herbicides.

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Allelopathic potential of Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. leaf extracts against the seedling growth of six test plants

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48312022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1534-1542

Author(s):

Ei H. KYAW ◽

Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Plant Species ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Test Plant ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Allelopathic Potential

Acacia pennata (L.) Willd (Mimosaceae), a woody climbing plant, is used as a traditional medicinal plant in the South and Southeast Asia regions and has been documented to have various pharmacological effects. However, the allelopathy of this plant still remains unclear. Thus, the allelopathic potential of A. pennata leaf extracts was examined against the seedling growth of dicot plants [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)] and monocot plants [barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiﬂorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)] at six different concentrations. The results showed that the A. pennata leaf extracts inhibited the seedling growth of all the test plant species at concentrations ≥3 mg dry weight (D.W.) equivalent extract mL-1. The inhibitory activity of the extracts against both shoot and root growth varied with concentration and tested plants. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition of the test plant shoots and roots were 1.5-16.1 and 1.4-8.6 mg D.W. equivalent extract mL-1, respectively. The root growth of all the test plant species was more sensitive to the extracts than their shoot growth, except alfalfa. The results of the present study indicate that the A. pennata leaf extracts may have allelopathic potential and may contain allelopathic substances. Therefore, further studies are required for isolation and identification of the growth inhibitory substances which are responsible for the allelopathic effect of A. pennata.

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Allelopathic effect of Ricinus communis L. and Vitex negundo L. on morphological attributes of invasive alien weed: Cassia uniflora Mill

IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) ◽

10.21013/jas.v3.n3.p14 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Vaishali Ramgunde ◽

Alka Chaturvedi

Keyword(s):

Ricinus Communis ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Vitex Negundo ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Test Species ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Ricinus Communis L ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Alien Weed ◽

Invasive Alien Weed

<div>Vitex negundo L. [Verbenaceae] and Ricinus communis L. [Euphorbiaceae], are especially well known for their industrial, pharmacological, and toxicological properties, but to date very little is known about their allelopathic potential. Hence the present study was conducted to evaluate their allelopathic perspectives on morphological characters of invasive alien weed Cassia uniflora Mill. Various concentrations [5%, 10%, 15% and 20%] of leaf leachates of selected plants were used as spray to test their effect on pot culture of test species. Results of present study indicated that the growth of plant was significantly inhibited in Cassia at all concentration of aqueous leaf leachates of selected plants when compared to control. Length of root and shoot, number of flowers, fruits and seeds of the weed was reduced with the increase in leaf leachates concentration. Dry weight and fresh weight of the weed were also negatively affected by aqueous leaf leachates of both the plants. The effect of Vitex leaf leachates was more pronounced than that of Ricinus. Since Vitex leaf leachates had greater activity than Ricinus against the invader, this plant could be best candidate for isolation and identification of allelochemicals, this might promote the discovery of new biocontrol for invasive weeds. </div>

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Phytotoxic Activity of Parthenium Against Wheat and Canola Differ With Plant Parts and Bioassays Techniques

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340100002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 11-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. KHALIQ ◽

F ASLAM ◽

A MATLOOB ◽

A JAVAID ◽

A TANVEER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Test Species ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Whole Plant

Phytotoxic effects of invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus were studied by using whole plant, leaf and root aqueous extracts at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% (w/v) concentrations against germination and early seedling growth of wheat and canola. Studies were carried out both in Petri plates with filter paper as substratum placed in controlled conditions and soil-filled plastic pots placed in open environments. Pronounced variation was noted for phytotoxic activity of different plant parts of parthenium, aqueous extract concentrations, test species, and bioassay techniques. Aqueous parthenium extracts either inhibited or delayed the germination and suppressed seedling growth of test species over control. For both test species, all the germination attributes were suppressed to a greater extent in Petri plates than in plastic pots. Leaf extracts were more suppressive to germination of test species than whole plant and root extracts. Increasing extract concentration beyond 2.5% caused significant reduction in seedling dry biomass of both test species. Aqueous parthenium extract diminished chlorophyll contents of wheat and canola by 32-63% and 29 69%, respectively. Nevertheless, an increase of 9-172% and 22-60% in phenolic contents of wheat and canola was recorded. Canola appeared to be more susceptible than wheat at all extract concentrations. Present study concluded that bioassays conducted under controlled condition using filter paper as substratum may be misleading due to over estimation of allelopathic response and variation in potential of receiver and donor species. Furthermore, it implies that threshold concentrations of allelochemicals for test species in Petri plates are rarely reached under field conditions.

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Allelopathic potential of Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata on Lake Huron sand dunes

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b97-902 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 75 (11) ◽

pp. 1903-1912 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kyeong W. Yun ◽

M. A. Maun

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Sand Dune ◽

Sand Dunes ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Test Species ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Artemisia Campestris

Greenhouse studies were conducted to test allelopathic effects of Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata on seed germination and seedling growth of several sand-dune species and colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. The aqueous extracts of A. campestris showed no inhibitory effect on seed germination, seedling elongation, or dry-weight growth of plants at lower concentrations (10 and 50%), but 100% concentration of the extracts caused varying degrees of inhibition depending on the test species. The mixing of dry leaves of seedlings of A. campestris to the sand showed severe inhibition of Elymus canadensis seedlings. The percent germination of test species in soil from the rhizosphere of A. campestris was significantly lower than that of the control. The leaf area and dry weight were also lower but the differences were not significant. The aqueous extract inhibited mycorrhizal fungal colonization in roots of three sand-dune grasses. Key words: allelopathy, Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata, seed germination, seedling growth, mycorrhizal fungi.

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Comparative allelopathic potential of metabolites of two Alternanthera species against germination and seedling growth of rice

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582014000100001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Mehmood ◽

A. Tanveer ◽

M.A. Nadeem ◽

Z.A. Zahir

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Seedling Vigor ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of plant parts of Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis and soil incorporated residues on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa). Aqueous extracts prepared from different plant parts of Alternanthera species delayed rice germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis inhibited rice germination by 9-100% and 4-49%, respectively. Germination of rice seeds was reduced with increasing concentration of aqueous leaf extracts of both weed species. Early seedling growth (root and shoot lengths) and seedling vigor index were significantly reduced by 5% aqueous leaf extract compared with distilled water treated control. Germination, root and shoot lengths, root and shoot dry weights and seedling vigor index of rice were drastically reduced by 3 and 4% in residue infested soil compared with residue free soil. The inhibitory effect of A. philoxeroides in terms of germination and seedling growth of rice was greater than that of A. sessilis. Five percent aqueous leaf extract and 4% residue infested soil of A. philoxeroides caused complete failure of rice seed germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides contained water soluble phenolics, namely 4 hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid (16.19 mg L-1) and m-coumaric acid (1.48 mg L-1), whereas Alternanthera sessilis was rich in chlorogenic acid (17.85 mg L-1), gallic acid (11.03 mg L-1) and vanillic acid (9.88 mg L-1). The study indicates that the allelopathic potential of Alternanthera species may play an important role in enhancing the invasiveness of these species and may suppress rice plants in the vicinity.

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Phytotoxic Activity ofOcimum tenuiflorumExtracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Plant Species

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/676242 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Test Species ◽

Barnyard Grass ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Shoot And Root Growth

Phytotoxic activity ofOcimum tenuiflorum(Lamiaceae) plant extracts was investigated against the germination and seedling growth of cress (Lepidium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and timothy (Phleum pratense) at four different concentrations. The plant extracts at concentrations greater than 30 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1reduced significantly the total germination percent (GP), germination index (GI), germination energy (GE), speed of emergence (SE), seedling vigour index (SVI), and coefficient of the rate of germination (CRG) of all test species except barnyard grass and GP of lettuce. In contrast, time required for 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT) were increased at the same or higher than this concentration. The increasing trend ofT50and MGT and the decreasing trend of other indices indicated a significant inhibition or delay of germination of the test species byO. tenuiflorumplant extracts and vice versa. In addition, the shoot and root growth of all test species were significantly inhibited by the extracts at concentrations greater than 10 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1. TheI50values for shoot and root growth were ranged from 26 to 104 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1. Seedling growth was more sensitive to the extracts compared to seed germination. Results of this study suggest thatO. tenuiflorumplant extracts have phytotoxic properties and thus contain phytotoxic substances. Isolation and characterization of those substances from this plant may act as a tool for new natural, biodegradable herbicide development to control weeds.

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Allelopathic potential of orsellinic acid derivatives

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132009000400027 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 1019-1026 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marize Terezinha Lopes Pereira Peres ◽

Ana Maria Mapeli ◽

Odival Faccenda ◽

Alcir Teixeira Gomes ◽

Neli Kika Honda

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Pest Control ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Natural Herbicides ◽

Orsellinic Acid ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Grand Rapids

Environmental degradation caused by the excessive use of pesticides has motivated studies aimed at the discovery of new formulations for pest control. The bioassays carried out under laboratory conditions for the present study involved the germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa cv. Grand Rapids and Allium cepa cv. Baia Periforme treated with lecanoric acid or one of seven esters obtained from the alcoholysis of the acid. Each substance was tested at concentrations of 10-3, 10-5, 10-7 M, and 10-9 M. The results revealed that, except for lecanoric acid and methyl orsellinate, all other compounds exhibited significant differences in their action when compared with the controls. Also, A. cepa was more sensitive to the compounds assayed, at the concentrations tested. Nearly all the esters exhibited significant effects, a feature that could makes them promising for the development of new natural herbicides.

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Allelopathy in two species of Chenopodium -inhibition of germination and seedling growth of certain weeds

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1987.025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 257-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Subhash C. Datta ◽

Kaasi N. Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

The Other ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽

Hypocotyl Growth ◽

Test Species ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Field Soils

The activity of washed leaf and inflorescence material of Chenopodium ambrosioides and C. murale, decaying leaves and inflorescences, and field soils collected beneath Chenopodium plants were examined in terms of the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of five weeds, viz. Abutilon indicum, Cassia sophera var. purpurea, C. tora, Evolvulus numularius and Tephrosia hamiltonii. The allelopathic pattern varied in each of the two test species and this depended on the type of test matter. However, the germination as well as the root and hypocotyl growth of A. indicum and E. nummularius were more hampered by phytotoxins or inhibitors from Chenopodium than were the other weeds. Since the leaf and inflorescence of Chenopodium formed the source of inhibitors, the respective plant-parts from the two species were chemically analysed and the presence of three terpenes (p-cymene, ascaridole and aritazone) from C. ambrosioides and an organic acid (oxalic acid) from C. murale were implicated in the allelopathic effect.

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On the allelopathic potential of certain terpenoids, phenolics, and their mixtures, and their recovery from soil

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b97-098 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 888-891 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Inderjit ◽

Michiyasu Muramatsu ◽

Hiroyuki Nishimura

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽

Agar Gel ◽

Test Species ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Lower Recovery

A study was conducted to understand the effects of certain phenolics, terpenoids, and their equimolar mixture through agar gel and soil growth bioassays and their recovery from soils. The eight compounds selected for this study were p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, catechin, emodin, 1,8-cineole, carvone, and betulin. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was used as test species for agar gel and soil growth bioassays. Root and shoot growth of lettuce was inhibited for all the above except emodin and catechin. However, in soils treated with different phenolics and terpenoids, only root growth of lettuce was inhibited, whereas shoot growth was promoted. Recovery of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and umbelliferone was higher in unautoclaved soils, while that of catechin was lower. Recovery in relation to degradation of compounds and the significance of additive activities of compounds are discussed. Key words: phenolics, allelopathy, terpenoids, soil, Lactuca sativa.

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Evaluation of the Allelopathic Potential of Leaf Extracts from Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. on the Seedling Growth of Six Test Plants

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47411598 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 1019-1024

Author(s):

Ramida KRUMSRI ◽

Sutjaritpan BOONMEE ◽

Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Plant Species ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Test Plant ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Allelopathic Activity

Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family. This plant has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, however, there has been no report related to its allelopathic properties. Therefore, the aqueous methanol extracts of D. imbricata were examined for possible allelopathic activity against the seedling growth of dicotyledonous plants; lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and monocotyledonous plants; barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). D. imbricata extracts exhibited a significant inhibition on the seedling growth of all the test plant species at the concentration ≥ 0.01 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1. The seedling growth of lettuce showed the highest inhibition with D. imbricata extracts followed by alfalfa and cress, whereas the least inhibition was found on the seedling growth of timothy. Concentrations required for 50% inhibition (I50 values) of all the test plant species were in the range of 0.003 to 0.067 g D.W. equivalent extract mL-1 for shoot growth, and 0.018 to 0.026 g D.W. equivalent extract mL-1 for root growth. In addition considering the I50 values, the root growth of the test plant species was more sensitive to D. imbricata extracts than their shoot growth, except cress seedling. These results indicated that D. imbricata may possess allelopathic activity and may contain allelopathic substances. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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