scholarly journals Allelopathy in two species of Chenopodium -inhibition of germination and seedling growth of certain weeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash C. Datta ◽  
Kaasi N. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Field Soils

The activity of washed leaf and inflorescence material of <em>Chenopodium ambrosioides</em> and <em>C. murale</em>, decaying leaves and inflorescences, and field soils collected beneath <em>Chenopodium</em> plants were examined in terms of the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of five weeds, viz. <em>Abutilon indicum, Cassia sophera</em> var. <em>purpurea, C. tora, Evolvulus numularius</em> and <em>Tephrosia hamiltonii</em>. The allelopathic pattern varied in each of the two test species and this depended on the type of test matter. However, the germination as well as the root and hypocotyl growth of <em>A. indicum</em> and <em>E. nummularius</em> were more hampered by phytotoxins or inhibitors from <em>Chenopodium</em> than were the other weeds. Since the leaf and inflorescence of Chenopodium formed the source of inhibitors, the respective plant-parts from the two species were chemically analysed and the presence of three terpenes (p-cymene, ascaridole and aritazone) from <em>C. ambrosioides</em> and an organic acid (oxalic acid) from <em>C. murale</em> were implicated in the allelopathic effect.

scholarly journals Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Responses to Different Sources and Application Rates of Hydrothermal Carbonization Processed Liquid

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yuhang He ◽  
Quan He ◽  
Kris Pruski ◽  
Bishnu Acharya ◽  
Lord Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Application Rates

Hydrothermal carbonization processed liquid (HTCPL) is a by-product of hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, which is used sparingly as natural fertilizer. A study was performed in the Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University (Canada) between June 2019 and April 2020 to evaluate the elemental composition of HTCPL derived from three different biomass feedstock; namely, seafood compost; buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and willow (Salix babylonica). Different HTCPL application rates (0-10%) were tested on seed germination and seedling growth of pea (Pisum sativum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), pac choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Elemental composition was higher in the HTCPLs compared to their respective feedstocks except for nitrogen. The 5% and 10% willow HTCPL with a pH between 3.8-4.0 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth compared to the other treatments with a pH range between 4.6-5.8. Kale, lettuce and sunflower radicle and hypocotyl growth were promoted following treatments of their respective seeds with seafood compost HTCPL while pea radicle and hypocotyl lengths were best promoted by 5% buckwheat and 10% seafood compost HTCPLs. Comparatively, 0.5% willow HTCPL increased surface area of seedling radicles while 1% willow and 0.5% buckwheat HTCPLs increased surface area of hypocotyls, irrespective of plant species. The distinction among the treatments was demonstrated on a 2-dimensional principal component analysis biplot that explained 89% of the variations in dataset. Overall, buckwheat HTCPL proved to be more effective at increasing seed germination and seedling growth compared to the other HTCPLs. The inhibitory effect of willow HTCPL at high application rate (5-10%) were obvious for all plant species. A comprehensive non-targeted chemical profile of HTCPL will help to explain mechanisms.

Allelopathic Potency and an Active Substance from Hairy Vetch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Sun ◽  
Guofeng Yang ◽  
Lili Cong ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
Lichao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Background: Plant allelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from plants or microorganisms into the environment, may have direct or indirect, beneficial or harmful effects on other plants or microorganisms. When plants grow in an unfavorable environment,more allelochemicals will be secreted and the expression of allelopathic effects will increase, giving plants a certain competitive advantage. Hairy vetch is one of the most promising allelopathic crops and the aqueous extract of hairy vetch has an inhibitory effect on the root length and seedling height of grass crops. The current study aimed to study the allelopathic effect of hairy vetch on alfalfa, and exploring an ecological method to remove the root system of alfalfa.Methods: In this experiment, the allelopathic effects of the seeds, stems and leaves, roots extracts and root exudates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg·mL-1) on the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were evaluated. And the main allelopathic substances from the stem and leaf extract were isolated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Result: The results showed that all of the extracts can inhibit alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth and stem and leaf extract had the strongest inhibitory effect, especially for inhibiting the root growth. A main allelochemical substance, o-coumaric acid, was screened out and the root length of alfalfa was completely inhibited at 1.6 mg·mL-1 of o-coumaric acid. The findings of these experiments show hairy vetch has strong allelopathic effect on alfalfa and o-coumaric acid is a chemical growth inhibitor.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Activity of Parthenium Against Wheat and Canola Differ With Plant Parts and Bioassays Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KHALIQ ◽  
F ASLAM ◽  
A MATLOOB ◽  
A JAVAID ◽  
A TANVEER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Whole Plant

Phytotoxic effects of invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus were studied by using whole plant, leaf and root aqueous extracts at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% (w/v) concentrations against germination and early seedling growth of wheat and canola. Studies were carried out both in Petri plates with filter paper as substratum placed in controlled conditions and soil-filled plastic pots placed in open environments. Pronounced variation was noted for phytotoxic activity of different plant parts of parthenium, aqueous extract concentrations, test species, and bioassay techniques. Aqueous parthenium extracts either inhibited or delayed the germination and suppressed seedling growth of test species over control. For both test species, all the germination attributes were suppressed to a greater extent in Petri plates than in plastic pots. Leaf extracts were more suppressive to germination of test species than whole plant and root extracts. Increasing extract concentration beyond 2.5% caused significant reduction in seedling dry biomass of both test species. Aqueous parthenium extract diminished chlorophyll contents of wheat and canola by 32-63% and 29 69%, respectively. Nevertheless, an increase of 9-172% and 22-60% in phenolic contents of wheat and canola was recorded. Canola appeared to be more susceptible than wheat at all extract concentrations. Present study concluded that bioassays conducted under controlled condition using filter paper as substratum may be misleading due to over estimation of allelopathic response and variation in potential of receiver and donor species. Furthermore, it implies that threshold concentrations of allelochemicals for test species in Petri plates are rarely reached under field conditions.

Allelopathic potential of Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata on Lake Huron sand dunes

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1903-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong W. Yun ◽  
M. A. Maun
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Artemisia Campestris

Greenhouse studies were conducted to test allelopathic effects of Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata on seed germination and seedling growth of several sand-dune species and colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. The aqueous extracts of A. campestris showed no inhibitory effect on seed germination, seedling elongation, or dry-weight growth of plants at lower concentrations (10 and 50%), but 100% concentration of the extracts caused varying degrees of inhibition depending on the test species. The mixing of dry leaves of seedlings of A. campestris to the sand showed severe inhibition of Elymus canadensis seedlings. The percent germination of test species in soil from the rhizosphere of A. campestris was significantly lower than that of the control. The leaf area and dry weight were also lower but the differences were not significant. The aqueous extract inhibited mycorrhizal fungal colonization in roots of three sand-dune grasses. Key words: allelopathy, Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata, seed germination, seedling growth, mycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of two medicinal plants on seed germination, seedling growth and grain production of purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) weed

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Seyed Nader MOUSAVIAN ◽  
Hamdollah ESKANDARI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Artemisia Sieberi

<p>A laboratory factorial (2 × 5) experiment was carried out based on completely randomized block in four replications to evaluate the effect of plant species and concentration of their allelopathic extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of purslane weed (<em>Portulaca oleraceae</em> L.). The first factor studied was plant species (<em>Artemisia sieberi </em>and <em>Salvia syriaca</em>) and the second one the concentration percentage of plant ethanol extract (0.0, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %). The effect of <em>Artemisia </em>on<em> </em>germination reduction of purslane<em> </em>was stronger compared to <em>Salvia.</em> The results indicated that higher extract concentration led to decreased germination percentage, germination speed and seedling growth indices of purslane including leaf length, leaf number, leaf width, leaf dry mass, stem mass and stem length. The effect of <em>Artemisia </em>was higher than that of <em>Salvia</em>. In a complementary experiment, the effect plant residues of <em>Artemisia </em>and <em>Salvia </em>(0.0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil) were evaluated in a factorial experiment base on completely randomized block design with three replications. The results of field experiment showed that plant residues significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced capsule number per plant, seed number per capsule, seed production and shoot dry mass, while its effect on 1000-seed mass was not substantial. The effect of plant species and the interaction of plant species and their allelopathic extracts concentration had no major impact on the above-mentioned properties. The increase in plant residues in soil, led to the reduction of growth and seed production of purslane induced by plant number per unit area and capsule per plant. <em>Artemisia sieberi </em>Bess<em>. </em>and<em> Salvia syriaca </em>L.<em> </em>residues can be successfully used for non-chemical control of purslane weed.</p>

scholarly journals Propagation and Possible Allelopathic Effects of Vernoniazeylanica on Selected Bioassay Species

CORD ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
S.H.S. Senarathne ◽  
S. S. Udumann
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Vernonia zeylanica (L.) belongs to the family Asteraceae, is one of the major endemic weed species present in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plantations of the tropics, which propagates very easily.  There is a possibility that this plant could also possess allelopathic effects, but this has not been scientifically tested.  Thus, a study was carried out to determine the seed germination of V. zeylanica under soil moisture stress conditions, shoot propagation methods and possible allopathic effects of this species, on selected species in bioassay tests.  Germination of V. zeylanica seeds was not observed at higher osmotic potential (-0.9 MPa).  The highest sprouting percentage of this species were obtained with soft wood cuttings.  The aqueous leaf extract was highly phytotoxic, and it significantly reduced germination and seedling growth of all bioassay species tested. Full strength (33.3 g L-1) aqueous extracts of leaves significantly reduced the germination percentage, root and hypocotyl growth rates of all species tested.  The inhibitory effects were often dependent on concentration.  However, the degree of inhibition varied among the test plant species.  The seedling emergences of all four tested plants were severally inhibited when planted in V. zeylanica contaminated soil.  The results indicated that incorporated aqueous leaf extract of V. zeylanica and its rhizosphere contaminated soil can suppress seed germination, seedling growth and seedling emergence of certain plant species indicating a possible allelopathic effect.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Artemisia Dubia Extracts on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Weeds and Winter Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Baby Babita Das Mallik ◽  
BD Acharya ◽  
M Saquib ◽  
MK Chettri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Artemisia Dubia

Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of different plant parts (root, stem and leaf) of Artemisia dubia on seed germination and seedling growth of two winter crops (Triticum aestivum and Brassica campestries, and some associated weeds (Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conyzoides, Galinsoga parviflora and Cyperus rotundus) have been investigated in the present study. Extracts of root, stem and leaves of Artemisia dubia showed significant reduction in germination and seedling growth of test crops and weeds. Germination of crop and weed seeds and growth of shoot and root were reduced significantly in test treatments in comparison to the control. The seed germination, shoot length and root length were low at higher concentration. Complete inhibition of seed germination of Ageratum conyzoides, Galinsoga parviflora and Cyperus rotundus at 5 and 10% leaf extract of A.dubia was observed. Allelopathic effects were more pronounced with leaf extract than root or stem extract in most cases.The result indicated difference in allelopathic effect on crop seed and weed seed at higher concentrations. ECOPRINT 21: 23-30, 2014DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v21i0.11901

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