scholarly journals Capacitance characteristics of Pinus densata, Pinus tabuliformis, Pinus yunnanensis and the hybrids Pinus tabuliformis × Pinus Yunnanensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxiang Ma ◽  
Kangyi Lou ◽  
Xiaoyang Chen ◽  
Yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Response ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Pinus Yunnanensis ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Pinus Densata ◽  
Artificial Hybrid ◽  
Homoploid Hybrid

We employed capacitance to evaluate the kinship and interspecific variation of homoploid hybrid conifer Pinus densata, P. tabuliformis, P. yunnanensis and artificial hybrids of P. tabuliformis (maternal parent) and P. yunnanensis (paternal parent) which were cultivated and selected in the common garden experiment.  By measuring capacitance spectra under different voltage frequencies, we could differentiate different germplasms based on the electrical response. We aims to demonstrate that P. densata as the hybrid of P. tabuliformis and P. yunnanensis based on the capacitance values of the species, and to provide new evidence to the previously known biological evidence, as well as and the parental effect on the hybrids. Our results revealed that capacitance values between the species are significantly different in the spectra where P. yunnanensis positioned at the lowest and P. densata was much higher than all other species, indicating that P. densata had possessed a great capacity to store electrical energy. The capacitance spectra of P. densata and the artificial hybrid are not similar, which rejected our hypothesis. Both of the capacitance values of P. densata and the hybrids were closer to P. tabuliformis than to P. yunnanensis, which shows that the maternal influence was stronger than the paternal influence. Correlation analysis on the relationship between capacitance and fitness-related characteristics showed that capacitance is negatively correlated to mortality rate, and positively correlated with second-year survival rate. High capacitance values of P. densata and some of the hybrids reveal their superior adaptability to harsh environment in the Tibet Plateau. We concluded that capacitance as a new indicator for plant fitness and evolution evidence of homoploid hybrid conifers.

scholarly journals Interspecific variation and phylogenic architecture of Pinus densata and the hybrid of Pinus tabuliformis×Pinus Yunnanensis in the Pinus densata habitat: an Electrical Impedance Spectra perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxiang Ma ◽  
Xiaoyang Chen ◽  
Yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pinus Yunnanensis ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Pinus Densata ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Non Destructive

We evaluated a novel and non-destructive method of the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to elucidatethe genetic and evolutionary relationship of homoploid hybrid conifer of Pinus densata (P.d) and its parental species Pinus tabuliformis (P.t) and Pinus yunnanensis(P.y), as well as the artificial hybrids of the P.t and P.y.  Field common garden tests of96 trees sampled from 760 seedlings and 480 EIS records of 1,440 needles assessed the interspecific variation of the P.d, P.t, P.y and the artificial hybrids. We found that (1) EIS at different frequencies diverged significantly among germplasms; P.ywasthe highest, P.t was the lowest, and their artificial hybrids were within the range of P.t and P.y; (2) maternal species effect of EIS magnitudes inthe hybrids and P.d was stronger than the paternal species characteristics; (3)EIS of the artificial hybrid confirmed the mid-parent and partial maternal species characteristics;(4) unified exponential modelof EIS for the interspecific and hybrids canbe constructedas; (5) cluster analysis for species and hybrid combinationsin total corroborated with the previous hybrid model ofPinus densata. Our non-destructive EIS method complemented the previous finding that Pinus densata was originated from P.t and P.y.  We conclude that the impedance would be a viable indicator to investigate the interspecific genetic variations of conifers.  

Growth and Physiology Vary Little Among North American, an Asian, and a North American x Asian Hybrid Ash in a Common Garden in Ohio, U.S.A

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Haavik ◽  
Daniel Herms
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
North American ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
White Ash

The emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) invasion of North America has increased interest in ash (Fraxinus, Oleaceae) phylogeny, ecology, and physiology. In a common garden in central Ohio, we compared the performance of three North American ash cultivars that are highly susceptible to EAB (F. pennsylvanica ‘Patmore,’ F. americana ‘Autumn Purple,’ and F. nigra ‘Fall Gold’), one North American species that is less susceptible to EAB (F. quadrangulata), and two taxa that are resistant to EAB (F. mandshurica and F. mandshurica × F. nigra ‘Northern Treasure’). During the 2015 growing season, we measured diameter growth, foliar N concentration, specific leaf area, and on four dates (two with adequate and two with low precipitation) we measured CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), variable fluorescence (Fv’/Fm’: efficiency of energy harvested by open photosystem II reaction centers), and the fraction of photons absorbed by photosystem II that were used for photosynthesis (ɸPSII). F. pennsylvanica grew fastest and on most sampling dates was superior in physiological performance (A, gs, and ɸPSII). Generally, however, there was little interspecific variation in growth and physiology among the different ash taxa tested, as all performed well. This suggests that the EAB-resistant F. mandshurica and F. mandshurica × F. nigra hybrid, as well as the moderately resistant blue ash, are as physiologically well-suited to growing conditions in the Midwestern United States as green and white ash cultivars that had been widely planted prior to the EAB invasion.

Evolutionary history of Purple cone spruce (Picea purpurea) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: homoploid hybrid origin and Pleistocene expansion

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongshuai Sun ◽  
Richard J. Abbott ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Jiabin Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
History Of ◽  
Homoploid Hybrid ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Variations in seed characteristics among and within Stipa purpurea populations on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 651-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Li ◽  
Xin Yin ◽  
Shihai Yang ◽  
Yunqiang Yang ◽  
Min Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Alpine Steppe ◽  
Stipa Purpurea ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Variation in seed size is common among plant species, populations, and individuals. On the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, previous studies have mainly focused on interspecific variation in seed size, with little information available regarding intraspecific variation. The alpine steppe is among the most important vegetation types on the plateau, where it plays a vital role in preserving landscape heterogeneity and diversity. Stipa purpurea Griseb., endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, is the predominant species of the alpine steppe. In the present study, we measured seed characteristics of nine S. purpurea populations and analyzed possible sources and consequences of variation in these characteristics. Seed characteristics varied greatly among and within populations. Our findings suggest that variation in seed size and awn length may affect germination and dispersal, respectively. Surprisingly, environmental factors, rather than genome size, were significantly correlated with seed size. For example, relative humidity and number of windy days were strongly correlated with seed size and awn length, respectively. We believe that variation in seed characteristics is a consequence of complex environmental conditions correlated with longitude and latitude. The results indicated that variation in seed characteristics of S. purpurea is an adaptation to environmental conditions.

Enhanced drought-tolerance in the homoploid hybrid species Pinus densata: implication for its habitat divergence from two progenitors

2009 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Ma ◽  
Changming Zhao ◽  
Richard Milne ◽  
Mingfei Ji ◽  
Litong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Pinus Densata ◽  
Homoploid Hybrid

The Classification of Land Use and Land Cover in Shangri-La Based on Decision Tree Automatic Threshold Classification Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1178-1181
Author(s):  
Wu Jun Xi ◽  
Ru Biao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Statistical Result ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Pinus Yunnanensis ◽  
Pinus Densata ◽  
Land Cover Map

The paper used decision tree automatic threshold classify model to study land use and land cover in Shangri-la County with Landsat ETM+ image in 1999, and got two results. The first result is the land use and land cover map, the second result is the surface features area statistical result from large to small: bush, spruce and fir, meadow, pinus densata, ice and snow, pinus yunnanensis, unutilized land, paddy field, town, dry land , marsh, water. Bush has the largest area, 4267492200m2, while water has the smallest area,6147900m2.

Colonization of the Tibetan Plateau by the homoploid hybrid pine Pinus densata

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 3796-3811 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAOSHENG WANG ◽  
JIAN-FENG MAO ◽  
JIE GAO ◽  
WEI ZHAO ◽  
XIAO-RU WANG
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Pinus Densata ◽  
Hybrid Pine ◽  
Homoploid Hybrid

The alpine homoploid hybrid Pinus densata has greater cold photosynthesis tolerance than its progenitors

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Ma ◽  
Xiao-Wei Zhang ◽  
Li-Tong Chen ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Chang-Ming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densata ◽  
Homoploid Hybrid

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Needle Morphological and Anatomical Traits among Nature Populations of Pinus Tabuliformis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Jing-Xiang Meng ◽  
Zi-Jie Zhang ◽  
Song-Lin Zhu ◽  
Yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Central China ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Resin Canals

The morphological and anatomical traits of needles are important to evaluate geographic variation and population dynamics of conifer species. Variations of morphological and anatomical needle traits in coniferous species are considered to be the consequence of genetic evolution, and be used in geographic variation and ecological studies, etc. Pinus tabuliformis is a particular native coniferous species in northern and central China. For understanding its adaptive evolution in needle traits, the needle samplings of 10 geographic populations were collected from a 30yr provenience common garden trail that might eliminate site environment effect and show genetic variation among populations and 20 needle morphological and anatomical traits were involved. The results showed that variations among and within populations were significantly different over all the measured traits and the variance components within population were generally higher than that among populations in the most measured needle traits. Population heritabilities in all measured traits were higher than 0.7 in common garden sampling among populations. Needle traits were more significantly correlated with longitude than other factors. First five principal components accounted for 81.6% of the variation with eigenvalues greater than 1; the differences among populations were mainly dependent on needle width, stomatal density, section areas of vascular bundle, total resin canals, and mesophyll, as well as area ratio traits. Ten populations were divided into two categories by Euclidean distance. Variations in needle traits among the populations have shown systematic microevolution in terms of geographic impact on P. tabuliformis. This study would provide empirical data to characterize adaptation and genetic variation of P. tabuliformis, which should be more available for ecological studies.

scholarly journals Electrical effects accompanying the decomposition of organic compounds

1911 ◽  
Vol 84 (571) ◽  
pp. 260-276 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Physiological Character ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Electric Effects

The results of recent researches in electro-physiology have familiarised us with the view that any physiological process accompanied by chemical changes involves an associated electrical change. Haacke and Klein have shown that electrical currents in plants are essentially a manifestation of vital phenomena, and that differences in electric potential are connected both with respiration and carbon assimilation. Waller's investigations have also shown that the excitation of living vegetable protoplasm gives electrical response no less than that of animal protoplasm. He has demonstrated that leaves in a condition of active metabolism give an instant electrical response to the influence of sunlight, which was modified under conditions affecting protoplasmic activity. Apparently almost immediately upon the perception of the stimulus of light, electrical energy begins to be absorbed in the process of photosynthesis. Waller approaches very suggestively the existence of two opposing forces in the presence of analytic and synthetic processes, and recognises that the function of assimilation and respiration might be mutually antagonistic as regards visible electric effects. His conception that "the product of dissociation …. gives current from the focus of dissociation, whereas a product of association, during its formation, gives rise to a current in the opposite direction," is of great interest. The line of enquiry now followed lies in the direction only of dissociation, and is a study of electrical effects accompanying fermentation or putrefaction under the influence of micro-organisms such as Saccharomyces or bacteria. The special physiological character of fungi or bacteria demands the disintegration of organic compounds as a necessary source of energy, and where there has been absorption of energy in a synthetic process one must look for its liberation when the change is of an analytic nature. The evolution of caloric energy during fermentation or putrefaction is commonly recognised, and that electrical energy is also liberated during these processes is a conception of considerable interest. In this preliminary communication some experiments are described which were undertaken to determine whether any E. M. F. is developed when organic compounds are broken down through the fermentative activity of yeast and other organisms. Cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiæ and certain species of bacteria were grown in nutrient media, and the chemical action of their vital processes was utilised to develop electrical energy in a manner parallel to the production of E. M. F. by means of the ordinary galvanic cell.

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