scholarly journals A Contrastive Study on the C-E Translation of the Verb of Perception zhijian from the Perspective of Subjective Consciousness and Objective Consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Huidan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Original Text ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Water Margin ◽  
Main Component ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Real Action

Verbs of perception include sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, of which zhijian belongs to sight is very common in literary works, and its semantic meaning also begins to change with the development of time. Based on the original text and two translated versions of the Water Margin, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the translation strategies of zhijian on the basis that Chinese emphasizes subjective consciousness and the mixed consciousness of subjectivity and objectivity, while English stresses objective consciousness with a clear boundary between subjectivity and objectivity. According to previous studies, this paper regroups the appearance of zhijian and divides it into two categories, namely zhijian at the beginning of a sentence and at the beginning of a minor sentence. On the basis of the context and the changing function of zhijian, that is, the function of being a verb and being a discourse marker, it can be concluded that as the meaning of a verb, the real action, the meaning of zhijian is expressed by “seeing”, so translators usually adopt literal translation; while as a discourse marker, it is no longer the main component of sentence structure, but to highlight the following information, translators will adopt deletion, conversion and retaining. It can be seen that translators often need to convert Chinese characterized by subjective consciousness into English dominated by objective consciousness, thus conforming to various meaning of zhijian.

scholarly journals The Disappearing Medium: Remarks on Language in Translation

2011 ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
George Varsos
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
German Romanticism ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Language And Culture

This essay discusses problems pertaining to the disappearance of the language of the original text in the case of literary translation. After a reminder of recent criticism directed against ethnocentric translation strategies, the question is raised of the theoretical promises of alternative strategies. The text examines the different ways in which the relations between language and culture are theorized, taking two lines of inquiry that have strongly infl uenced contemporary translation theory: that of German Romanticism and that of Walter Benjamin.

scholarly journals Synthesis and photophysical characteristics of polyfluorene polyrotaxanes

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2677-2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurica Farcas ◽  
Giulia Tregnago ◽  
Ana-Maria Resmerita ◽  
Pierre-Henri Aubert ◽  
Franco Cacialli
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Fluorescence Decay ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Roughness Exponent ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Afm Analysis ◽  
Main Component ◽  
A Minor

Two alternating polyfluorene polyrotaxanes (3·TM-βCD and 3·TM-γCD) have been synthesized by the coupling of 2,7-dibromofluorene encapsulated into 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-β- or γ-cyclodextrin (TM-βCD, TM-γCD) cavities with 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid bis(1,3-propanediol) ester. Their optical, electrochemical and morphological properties have been evaluated and compared to those of the non-rotaxane counterpart 3. The influence of TM-βCD or TM-γCD encapsulation on the thermal stability, solubility in common organic solvents, film forming ability was also investigated. Polyrotaxane 3·TM-βCD exhibits a hypsochromic shift, while 3·TM-γCD displays a bathochromic with respect to the non-rotaxane 3 counterpart. For the diluted CHCl3 solutions the fluorescence lifetimes of all compounds follow a mono-exponential decay with a time constant of ≈0.6 ns. At higher concentration the fluorescence decay remains mono-exponential for 3·TM-βCD and polymers 3, with a lifetime τ = 0.7 ns and 0.8 ns, whereas the 3·TM-γCD polyrotaxane shows a bi-exponential decay consisting of a main component (with a weight of 98% of the total luminescence) with a relatively short decay constant of τ1 = 0.7 ns and a minor component with a longer lifetime of τ2 = 5.4 ns (2%). The electrochemical band gap (ΔE g ) of 3·TM-βCD polyrotaxane is smaller than that of 3·TM-γCD and 3, respectively. The lower ΔE g value for 3·TM-βCD suggests that the encapsulation has a greater effect on the reduction process, which affects the LUMO energy level value. Based on AFM analysis, 3·TM-βCD and 3·TM-γCD polyrotaxane compounds exhibit a granular morphology with lower dispersity and smaller roughness exponent of the film surfaces in comparison with those of the neat copolymer 3.

scholarly journals About the Definition, Classification, and Translation Strategies of Idioms

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Material ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Translator Training ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Game Of Thrones

Abstract In translator training, the process of planning and implementing the teaching process and the design of teaching materials should be dynamic and flexible. With the future purpose to design teaching materials for idiom translation, this study proposes to explore those characteristics of idioms which might cause difficulties when translating them and some of the various classifications of idioms. Some of the relevant factors which might determine the appropriateness and acceptability of idiom translation and some of the translation strategies recommended in the specialized literature will also be presented. We proposed to analyse the idiom-translating solutions and strategies which the literary translator of the novel “A Game of Thrones” chose while translating it into Hungarian. Our aim is to decide whether the novel can be an appropriate source for authentic teaching material. We chose this novel mainly because it has recently become very popular among students, it is rich in idioms, and we believe that different aspects of idiom typology and different strategies used in idiom translation can be exemplified, demonstrated, and practised with the help of different tasks based on the original text and its Hungarian translation.

A minor issue?

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulcie M. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
French Grammar ◽  
The Many ◽  
A Minor

‘Minor sentences’ is one of the many terms used in the literature to refer to a phenomenon usually relegated to an obscure paragraph of the grammar book, or treated principally as a spoken discourse feature. These forms are also referred to as sentence fragments, incomplete sentences, verbless sentences, and nominal sentences, to name but a few of the terms found. Despite the marginal status attributed to the forms, more detailed study is warranted. Minor sentences occur frequently in the written language, and perform important communicative functions in a range of contexts. The term is used to refer to apparently complete phrases which do not conform to canonical sentence structure. Typically, they lack a subject noun phrase, or a finite verb, i.e. one of the two ‘essential’ elements of the sentence. In this paper, we begin with an overview of English and French grammar book and discourse analysis approaches. We then discuss previous studies of minor sentence contexts, French recipes and newspaper headlines, before turning to a corpus consisting of public signs and notices, headlines, advertising slogans, and crossword clues, in an effort to determine whether certain minor sentence types can be associated with particular (written) discourse functions.

scholarly journals Unfaithful translation and translation purposes: The Discovery of America by Joachim Heinrich Campe, in Romanian version

Diacronia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Elena Zup
Keyword(s):  
Original Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Geographical Knowledge ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
Analysis Strategies ◽  
The One ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The University ◽  
Target Culture

This paper investigates the purpose of using certain translation strategies in the Romanian version of the novel Die Entdekkung von Amerika (1781) by Joachim Heinrich Campe, translated from German by the merchant and teacher Nicola Nicolau from Brașov and published at the Printing House of the University of Buda in 1816 with the title Descoperirea Americii. Starting from the skopus theory developed by Hans Vermeer, the purposes of producing the Romanian version are analysed, in comparison with those of writing the original text and of the translations in other languages. At the textual level, through the comparative analysis, strategies are highlighted, especially omissions and interpolations, which help to achieve the goals of the translator or the text. Thus, through the transfer between the source and the target culture, one can observe the maintenance of the pedagogical Enlightenment goals, of instructing the masses regarding moral virtues and historical and geographical knowledge, and the addition of the one of cultivating the Romanian language.

scholarly journals Clause and predicative constituents in an Austronesian language: Lampung language

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Afrianto ◽  
Eva Tuckyta Sari Sujatna ◽  
Nani Darmayanti ◽  
Farida Ariyani ◽  
Jessamine Cooke-Plagwitz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
Nominal Phrase ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Dependent Clause

AbstractThis research is conducted qualitatively and aimed at patterning and describing clause and sentence structure in Lampung language through the configuration of its constituents. Regarding the constituents, Lampung has two types of clause: minor and major clauses. A minor clause is indicated by only one constituent, which is commonly a subject, predicate or adjunct. Regarding its function, it can be classified as vocative, shown by exclamation (Wuy!, Huy!); a greeting, as shown by an expression (tabikpun ngalam pukha); and an Arabic greeting (assalamualaikum). On the other hand, a major clause minimally consists of a subject and predicate, and apart from these there can also be an object, complement and adverbial. Furthermore, this research finds various categories that can act as predicative constituents: they are a verb/verbal phrase, adjective/adjective phrase, and noun/nominal phrase. Additionally, a copular verb (iyulah) and existential marker (wat) can also be the predicate. This research also reveals that in a sentence two or more clauses are connected by a conjunction, and then this conjunction becomes an indicator of dependent clauses. Also, a dependent clause can be found after the subject or the object of the independent clause.

Alkaloids from the roots of Papaver pseudo-orientale (FEDDE) MEDW.

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1752-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Věžník ◽  
Eva Táborská ◽  
Petr Sedmera ◽  
Ladislav Dolejš ◽  
Jiří Slavík
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Alkaloid Fraction ◽  
Main Component ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Source Structure ◽  
C Nmr

Two new alkaloids, pseudorine (Ia) (quaternary benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline type) and pseudoronine (II) (benzil type), were isolated from the roots of Papaver pseudo-orientale (FEDDE) MEDW. This is a first occurrence of this type of alkaloids in Papaveraceae. The main component of the tertiary alkaloid fraction was isothebaine accompanied by smaller amounts of orientalidine, mecambridine, bracteolidine, nuciferine, protopine, and allocryptopine. The presence of salutaridine and papaverrubine D was established. Traces of coptisine and palmatine were also found in some samples. Strongly polar portion of the extract was converted to iodides. N-Methylisothebainium iodide (IIIa) (major component), pseudorine iodide (Ia), and corytuberine hydriodide (IV) (significant amounts), a minor alkaloids such as alborine iodide (alkaloid PO-5), pseudoronine (II), and magnoflorine iodide (IIIb) were isolated from this source. Structure of pseudorine was determined by UV, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and using the correlation with laudanosine and codamine. Proposed structure of pseudoronine is based on the mass spectra comparison.

Representations of the dead and the afterlife in translations of Mudan Ting, a masterpiece in Chinese Kunqu theatre

Babel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy S.B. Ngai
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
English Text ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Related Material ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Semantic Translation ◽  
Cultural Taboos ◽  
Peony Pavilion ◽  
Target Readership

The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the strategies used to translate into English death related cultural taboos viz. death, ghost and resurrection represented in the prominent classical Chinese drama Mudan Ting. Particular reference is made to the articulation of these taboos in three seminal English versions of Mudan Ting (as Peony Pavilion) by Cyril Birch, Wang Rongpei and Zhang Guanqian, respectively. Although these translators all follow the source text closely, certain differences in their translation strategies warrant attention. Cyril Birch takes an acculturation approach to the translation of death-related material, whereas Wang Rongpei adheres to the original text and tends to use semantic translation. In contrast, Zhang Guanqian usually translates literally, infusing the English text with a “foreign” flavor. These differences are examined in light of the general propensity among translators to take an avoidance approach to death-related material. The strategies used to translate taboo subjects are found to depend on the translator’s intentions, the target readership, the specific nature of the culturally loaded elements and the availability of equivalent expressions in the target language and culture.

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