scholarly journals Development of the proteinuria dosage

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 079-081
Author(s):  
Andriamiarimbola Irène Rakotoniaina ◽  
Miora Koloina Ranaivosoa ◽  
Annick Anjatiana Raherinaivo ◽  
Andry Rasamindrakotroka
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio

The 24-hour urine proteinuria or albuminuria ratio is still prescribed for protein detection in urine, despite the fact that it has been replaced by the albuminuria or protein/creatininuria ratio. The use of this ratio eliminates the misinterpretation of 24-hour urine proteinuria. The objective of this development is to clarify the importance of the ratio for the search for albumin or protein in the urine. We conducted a review of the literature focusing on different diagnostic recommendations. Indeed, 24-hour urine collection is tedious and prone to many errors. The ratio is therefore a simple, reliable and standardized indicator for assessing proteinuria except in acute renal failure patients. The correlation between these ratios and 24-hour urine has been demonstrated in several studies in various populations and is currently considered to be the most adequate measure for proteinuria quantification despite the variability in creatinine excretion. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes recommendations therefore suggest the use of the albumin/creatinine ratio and the protein/creatinine ratio on a 1st morning urine sample to test for proteinuria.

Screening Tests for Microalbuminuria in Non-Diabetic Elderly Subjects and Their Relation to Blood Pressure

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. James ◽  
M. D. Fotherby ◽  
J. F. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Urinary Albumin Excretion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio

1. Microalbumuria in non-diabetic elderly subjects is predictive of vascular disease and mortality, and related to levels of blood pressure. 2. This study was designed to examine whether more restricted periods of urine collection retained the relation to the prevailing level of blood pressure and successfully identified subjects with microalbuminura. 3. Fifty elderly subjects (aged over 60 years) made two consecutive 24-h urine collections for measurement of urinary albumin excretion, divided between daytime and night-time periods. Thirty-three subjects also provided a random ‘spot’ urine sample. Clinic and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were also recorded. 4. Median 24-h urinary albumin excretion was 15.75 mg; 17 subjects had microalbuminuria. The median 24-h albumin—creatinine ratio was 1.91 mg/mmol. A threshold albumin—creatinine ratio of ≧ 3.0 mg/mmol in a random urine sample predicted microalbuminura with 92% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Alternatively, threshold values of 2.5 mg/mmol for men and 4.5 mg/mmol for women in an overnight urine collection predicted microalbuminuria with 88% sensitivity and 100% specificity. 5. The closest relation between albumin—creatinine ratio and blood pressure was that between spot albumin—creatinine ratio and clinic systolic blood pressure (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Albumin—creatinine ratio was generally related to clinic systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and ambulatory systolic blood pressure. Microalbuminuric subjects had significantly higher levels of clinic and ambulatory systolic blood pressure than non-microalbuminuric subjects. 6. Microalbuminuria in the elderly is most closely related to clinic systolic blood pressure. Screening for microalbuminuria in the elderly can usefully be performed by the measurement of albumin—creatinine ratio in a random urine sample, with a threshold of ≧ 3.0 mg/mmol.

HIV-associated kidney disease in the context of an aging population

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Naftalin ◽  
Bavithra Nathan ◽  
Lisa Hamzah ◽  
Frank A. Post
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Developed World

Acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease are more common in HIV-infected patients compared with the general population. Several studies have shown age to be a risk factor for HIV-associated kidney disease. The improved life expectancy of HIV-infected patients as a result of widespread use of antiretroviral therapy has resulted in progressive aging of HIV cohorts in the developed world, and an increased burden of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Consequently, HIV care increasingly needs to incorporate strategies to detect and manage these non-infectious co-morbidities.

Acute Renal Failure Caused by Imiquimod 5% Cream in a Renal Transplant Patient: Review of the Literature on Side Effects of Imiquimod

Dermatology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santos-Juanes ◽  
A. Esteve ◽  
A. Mas-Vidal ◽  
P. Coto-Segura ◽  
E. Salgueiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Renal Transplant Patient ◽  
Transplant Patient ◽  
Review Of The Literature

scholarly journals Low-Dose Aminophylline for the Treatment of Neonatal Non-Oliguric Renal Failure—Case Series and Review of the Literature

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Bethany A. Lynch ◽  
Peter Gal ◽  
J. Laurence Ransom ◽  
Rita Q. Carlos ◽  
Mary Ann V.T. Dimaguila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Oliguric Renal Failure ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE Aminophylline is a methylxanthine with multiple physiologic actions. At low doses, aminophylline can antagonize adenosine and improve renal function via increased glomerular filtration rate. Despite its clinical use, little data exists in neonates for this indication. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe the impact of aminophylline on renal function indices in a series of neonates with acute renal failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective chart review of 13 neonates with acute renal failure who received aminophylline during a 15-month study period. Aminophylline was administered at 1 mg/kg intravenously or orally every twelve hours. Forty-six percent (n = 6) of the patients received a 5 mg/kg loading dose before initiation of maintenance therapy. Most patients had already received other treatments for renal failure, including diuretics and dopamine. RESULTS Resolution of acute renal failure (with normalization of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) was documented in 10 patients (77%). Four of the thirteen patients died from complications due to their prematurity. Failure of low-dose aminophylline was observed in 3 of the 4 patients who died. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose aminophylline in neonates with acute renal failure is associated with an improvement in renal function indices.

The Protective Effect of γ-Glutamyl l-Dopa on the Glycerol Treated Rat Model of Acute Renal Failure

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Casson ◽  
D. A. Clayden ◽  
G. F. Cope ◽  
M. R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plasma Creatinine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Urine Creatinine ◽  
Before And After

1. γ-Glutamyl l-dopa, a renal pro-drug for dopamine, was administered to rats before and after injection of glycerol, and to a control group which received water in place of glycerol. A third group of rats was given glycerol but no γ-glutamyl l-dopa. 2. The plasma creatinine in rats given γ-glutamyl l-dopa and glycerol was significantly lower than in rats receiving glycerol alone. 3. The fall in urine creatinine excretion, and polyuria, after glycerol was reduced by γ-glutamyl l-dopa and the natriuresis abolished. 4. γ-Glutamyl l-dopa given alone caused a 4000-fold increase in urine dopamine excretion, associated with a natriuresis. 5. The administration of γ-glutamyl l-dopa reduces the severity of renal failure produced by glycerol.

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