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2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmak Durur-Subasi ◽  
Duygu Kose ◽  
Muhammed Yayla ◽  
Busra Sirin ◽  
Adem Karaman ◽  
...  

Abstract Background We investigated whether levosimendan prevents contrast medium nephrotoxicity with glycerol aggravation in rats. Methods Forty-eight Wistar albino rats were assigned to eight groups (n = 6 × 8). No medication was administered to group I (controls); glycerol (intramuscular injection of 25% glycerol, 10 mL/kg) group II; intravenous iohexol 10 mL/kg to group III; glycerol and iohexol to group IV; iohexol and intraperitoneal levosimendan 0.25 mg/kg to group V; glycerol, iohexol, and levosimendan 0.25 mg/kg to group VI; iohexol and levosimendan 0.5 mg/kg to group VII; and glycerol, iohexol, and levosimendan 0.5 mg/kg to group VIII. One-day water withdrawal and glycerol injection prompted renal damage; iohexol encouraged nephrotoxicity; levosimendan was administered 30 min after glycerol injection and continued on days 2, 3, and 4. The experiment was completed on day 5. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa ß (NFK-ß), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and histopathological marks were assessed. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple comparison tests were used. Results Levosimendan changed serum BUN (p = 0.012) and creatinine (p = 0.018), SOD (p = 0.026), GSH (p = 0.012), and MDA (p = 0.011). Levosimendan significantly downregulated TNF-α (p = 0.022), NFK-ß (p = 0.008), and IL-6 (p = 0.033). Histopathological marks of hyaline and haemorrhagic cast were improved in levosimendan-injected groups. Conclusion Levosimendan showed nephroprotective properties due to its vasodilator, oxidative distress decreasing and inflammatory cytokine preventing belongings.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3872
Author(s):  
Jing-Yao Zhang ◽  
Hui-Chen Lo ◽  
Feili Lo Yang ◽  
Yi-Fang Liu ◽  
Wen-Mein Wu ◽  
...  

Plant-rich diets alleviate oxidative stress and gut dysbiosis and are negatively linked to age-associated chronic disorders. This study examined the effects of consuming plant-based, antioxidant-rich smoothies and sesame seed snacks (PBASS) on antioxidant ability and gut microbial composition in older adults. Healthy and sub-healthy older adults (n = 42, 79.7 ± 8.6 years old) in two senior living facilities were given PBASS for 4 months. Blood and fecal samples were collected from these individuals at the baseline and after 2 and 4 months of PBASS consumption. After 2 months, serum levels of albumin and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) had increased significantly and erythrocytic glutathione, GSH/GSSG and superoxide dismutase activity had decreased significantly compared with baseline levels (p < 0.05). After 4 months, red blood cells, hematocrit, serum blood urea nitrogen and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity had decreased significantly, whereas plasma and erythrocyte protein-bound sulfhydryl groups had increased significantly. Furthermore, plasma glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were significantly greater after 2 months and increased further after 4 months of PBASS consumption. The results of next generation sequencing showed that PBASS consumption prompted significant decreases in observed bacterial species, their richness, and the abundance of Actinobacteria and Patescibacteria and increases in Bacteroidetes in feces. Our results suggest that texture-modified, plant-based snacks are useful nutrition support to benefit healthy ageing via the elevation of antioxidant ability and alteration of gut microbiota.


2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110515
Author(s):  
Tianyang Wang ◽  
Xuejiao Wen ◽  
Ziwen Zhang ◽  
Minjuan Xie ◽  
Jie Zhou

Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease resulting from long-term hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients, and the underlying mechanism is complex and lacks effective treatments. Various active ingredients in Chinese herbs have been shown to alleviate renal injury and improve DN in recent years. Phillyrin, a natural medicinal active compound extracted from the Oleaceae family, has various pharmacological effects, including antioxidative, antiapoptotic and antiobesity effects. However, the role of phillyrin and its underlying mechanism in DN have not yet been explored. To investigate the effects of phillyrin on DN and its potential mechanisms of action, we performed experiments using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN mice as models. Phillyrin significantly reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), downregulated the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), serum and urine β2-microglobulins (β2-MG) and improved the pathological changes of the kidney in a DN mouse model. Phillyrin also increased the level of antioxidants and attenuated oxidative damage in DN model mice. In addition, phillyrin inhibited Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, reduced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, subsequently inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and ultimately suppressed renal cell apoptosis. These findings suggested that phillyrin could be a new promising therapeutic strategy for DN, and this protective effect might be related to suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bati Leta ◽  
Chala Kenenisa ◽  
Tesaka Wondimnew ◽  
Tariku Sime

Introduction. Nephrotoxicity is the most common and severe side effect of cisplatin. Cisplatin causes nephrotoxicity through free radical production and debilitating cellular antioxidant capacity. Coffee is a commonly consumed drink and its ingredients have antioxidant roles that could bring benefits to patients affected by nephrotoxicity. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of our locally grown green coffee beans against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Methods. The posttest only control group design was employed on a total of thirty male Swiss albino mice. The mice were divided into five groups: group I (normal control group) received distilled water; group II (negative control group) received distilled water; and groups III–V (treatment groups) received 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW/day of green coffee bean extract for 14 days, respectively. Nephrotoxicity was induced in groups II–V by a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg). All mice were sacrificed after 14 days and blood was drawn to evaluate kidney function tests (serum creatinine and serum blood urea nitrogen). Besides, body weight, relative kidney weight, and kidney histopathology were investigated. Result. Our results showed that treatment of cisplatin alone (group II mice) significantly increased serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen, relative kidney weight, and pathological damage to the kidney with a decrease in final body weight. However, low-dose green coffee beans (group III), medium-dose green coffee beans (group IV), and high-dose green coffee beans (group V) mice showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen, and relative kidney weight. Furthermore, the dose-dependent treatment with green coffee bean extract prevented the decrease in body weight gain and pathological damage to the kidney in mice. Conclusion. Our locally grown green coffee beans brought a dose-dependent ameliorative effect and a promising preventive approach against cisplatin-induced kidney damage in mice.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3153
Author(s):  
Mahmood Barani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hajinezhad ◽  
Saman Sargazi ◽  
Mahira Zeeshan ◽  
Abbas Rahdar ◽  
...  

In this study, pH-responsive niosomal methotrexate (MTX) modified with ergosterol was prepared for potential anticancer application. The prepared formulation had a size of 176.7 ± 3.4 nm, zeta potential of −31.5 ± 2.6 mV, EE% of 76.9 ± 2.5%, and a pH-responsive behavior in two different pHs (5.4 and 7.4). In-silico evaluations showed that MTX intended to make a strong hydrogen bond with Span 60 compartments involving N2 and O4 atoms in glutamic acid and N7 atom in pteridine ring moieties, respectively. The cytotoxic effects of free and pH-MTX/Nio were assessed against MCF7 and HUVECs. Compared with free MTX, we found significantly lower IC50s when MCF7 cells were treated with niosomal MTX (84.03 vs. 9.464 µg/mL after 48 h, respectively). Moreover, lower cell killing activity was observed for this formulation in normal cells. The pH-MTX/Nio exhibited a set of morphological changes in MCF7 cells observed during cell death. In-vivo results demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of free MTX (2 mg/kg) after six weeks caused a significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of rats compared to the normal control rats. Treatment with 2 and 4 mg/kg doses of pH-MTX/Nio significantly increased serum BUN, serum creatinine, and serum lipid peroxidation. Still, the safety profile of such formulations in healthy cells/tissues should be further investigated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanamon Poppinit ◽  
◽  
Chanakarn SungThong ◽  

This report describes a five-year-old dog who had been bitten by a Russell’s viper. The patient presented clinical signs of anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, and anuria. Collectively with the laboratory test results of azotemia and hyperkalemia, acute kidney injury was diagnosed. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) was instigated when the azotemia became worse and anuria persisted, despite aggressive medical and fluid therapy. After 14 days of PD, the anuria was resolved, and the patient was discharged 7 days later. At the end of the last dialysis cycle, there was a significant reduction in the severity of the azotemia, and the serum hyperkalemia had returned to normal. One month after PD, the patient no longer had any abnormal clinical signs. Both the patient’s serum blood urea nitrogen level and creatinine levels returned to within the normal limit. PD proved to be an effective management of acute kidney injury in Russell’s viper envenomation in the reported dog. This report also describes a detailed procedure of PD which can be instigated in any veterinary practice


2021 ◽  
pp. 001857872110375
Author(s):  
William M. Hammonds ◽  
Ellen A. Keating ◽  
Megan E. Smetana ◽  
Keaton S. Smetana ◽  
Megan M. Bond

Background and Objective: Urea is an alternative for treatment of hyponatremia however, its use has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of urea for the treatment of hyponatremia. Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients with hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mEq/L) of any cause who received at least 1 dose of urea during hospitalization and no prior use of urea. Serum sodium levels were collected at baseline and for 4 days or until urea was discontinued, whichever occurred first. The primary outcome was the serum sodium change between baseline and discharge or urea discontinuation. Results: Median serum sodium increased 2 [IQR, 0-4] mEq/L per day after urea administration at a median dose of 30 g/day. A significant difference in serum sodium was observed between baseline and discharge or discontinuation (124.2 ± 4 vs 130.1 ± 5.1; P < .001) and serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (18.4 ± 13.1 vs 41.1 ± 26.6; P ≤ .001). Serum sodium overcorrection (increase >8 mEq/L in 24 hours) occurred in 6 patients (8%). Urea was discontinued in 39 patients (53%); 20 discontinuations were due to patient intolerance. Conclusion: Urea appears to be an effective treatment for hyponatremia; however, patient tolerance, the rate of serum sodium overcorrection, and outpatient affordability may limit its use.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Sajad Hossieni Geshnigani ◽  
Masoud Mahdavinia ◽  
Mojtaba Kalantar ◽  
Mehdi Goudarzi ◽  
Layasadat Khorsandi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Gentamicin is a crucial aminoglycoside antibiotic but it is used only to treat severe bacterial infections, because of its high nephrotoxicity among patients. We evaluated the preventive effects of diosmin (as a natural ingredient) on gentamicin-related renal damage in rats. MethodsIn this research, 28 male Wistar rats were assigned to 4 groups: control, gentamicin (100 mg/kg, (i.p.), daily for 1 week), and gentamicin plus diosmin (50mg/kg, p.o., daily for two weeks), diosmin (50mg/kg/day, p.o. for two weeks). After, the final gavage, blood specimens were gathered for determining serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. kidneys used for biochemical, inflammation and histological test.Results Creatinine, BUN, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations significantly increased and glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities decreased after gentamicin treatment. Creatinine, BUN, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) concentrations significantly reduced and glutathione level, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities significantly increased via co-administration with diosmin. ConclusionDiosmin had ameliorative impacts against gentamicin-related kidney injury that can be owing to its antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Hajinezhad ◽  
Abbas Jamshidian ◽  
Motahareh Abdollahi ◽  
Alireza Samzadeh Kermani

Background: Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) and selenium nanocomposites (Se NCs) have different biological effects. The current study aimed to compare the effects of newly synthesized Se NPs and Se NCs on biochemical and histopathological parameters of rats. The synthesized Se NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups to examine the biological effects of Se NPs. Control rats received saline intraperitoneally while experimental rats were received four-week intraperitoneal injections of Se powder, Se NPs, and Se NCs at the dose of (0.4 mg/kg). After four weeks, serum was obtained by the conventional methods, and then rats were sacrificed to separate liver, kidney, and testis tissues for histopathological examinations. Results: The intraperitoneal injection of Se powder caused significant elevations in serum liver enzyme levels, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) lipid peroxidation, and serum creatinine levels (P<0.05). The histopathological investigations showed necrosis and fatty change in liver. Kidney sections showed cytoplasmic vacuolation and hyaline casts, and the testis sections showed degeneration of seminiferous tubules. Se NPs intraperitoneal injections at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg caused no significant effects on liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and histopathological changes while significantly increased serum BUN and creatinine levels (P<0.05). The group treated with Se NCs showed normal biochemical and histopathological parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion: The current study proved the toxicity of Se powder; however, nano-formulations of Se showed fewer side effects.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1167-1167
Author(s):  
Hui-Chen Lo ◽  
Ching-Yao Chang ◽  
Chi-Chin Yu ◽  
Fei-Li Lo Yang ◽  
Yih-Fong Leiw ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives Oxidative stress and gut dysbiosis are considered as the contributors in aging. Diets rich in plant foods may against aging-associated syndrome. The present study aimed to explore the effects of plant-based antioxidant-rich smoothies and sesame snacks (PBASS) on antioxidant capacity and gut microbiome profile in older adults. Methods Healthy and sub-healthy older adults (79.7 ± 8.6 years old, F/M = 30/12) from 2 elderly care institutions were administered with PBASS for 4 months. Blood and fecal samples were collected before and after 2 and 4 months of PBASS consumption. Results PBASS consumption significantly increased plasma glutathione and total antioxidant capacity and erythrocyte protein-bound sulfhydryl groups (PBSH) and decreased hematocrit, serum albumin and erythrocyte glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in a time-dependent manner (generalized estimating equations with repeated measure analysis, P &lt; 0.05). In females, 4 months of PBASS resulted in significant decreases in red blood cells and serum blood urea nitrogen and increases in plasma PBSH and erythrocyte total sulfhydryl groups. In the fecal microbiome profile of older adults, observed species and richness of gut microbiome were decreased after 2 months of PBASS, whereas beta-diversity and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes were not significantly altered by PBASS consumption. PBASS consumption significantly increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Actinobacteria and Patescibacteria in the feces. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that older adults consumed with plant-based antioxidant-rich snacks may have elevated antioxidant capacity and altered fecal microbiome profile; however, their protein nutritional status need to be monitored, especially in old females. Funding Sources MOST 106-2321-B-030-001,107-2321-B-030-001 and 108-2321-B-030-001.


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