scholarly journals Carbon monoxide poisoning or "Silent killer": Diagnosis and current management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-527
Author(s):  
Daniela Carolina Salcedo Restrepo ◽  
Andrea Carolina Wilcox Robles ◽  
Armando Hongming Yee Acendra ◽  
Martha Lucia Beltran Avilez ◽  
Jorge Julian Mendoza Anguila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
The World

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a dangerous cause of hospital admission and mortality around the world due to its ability to enter the body and bind to heme groups. Thus, it is important to carry out a correct management plan for this type of patient, in order to avoid and prevent the development of severe systemic complications and even death, for which a review of diagnostic techniques is carried out and treatment of this scenario and its effectiveness in terms of the evolution of the patient.

Study of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication in Fire Victimis

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2932-2935
Author(s):  
Sofia David ◽  
Anton Knieling ◽  
Calin Scripcaru ◽  
Madalina Diac ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Intoxication ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
The World ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
In Fire

Carbon monoxide poisoning is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of toxic origin in the world. Its insidious and polymorphic symptomatology makes it difficult to diagnose. It occurs accidentally, because of non-supervised domestic fires, or in fire victims. In fire victims, in particular, the differential diagnosis between carbon monoxide gas poisoning, inhalation of other toxic products of combustion like cyanide, oxygen deprivation, thermal burns and shock due to burns as a cause of death is not an easy task. The authors examined 107 fire victims that were autopsied at the Forensic Medicine from Iasi, Romania, in the last 10 years (2007-2016). Most cases were males (69.16%), young (0-9 years) or older than 60 with a burned surface of 91-100% in 68.22% of cases. Blood samples from the cadavers were collected in all cases in order to analyse carboxyhaemoglobin concentration and haemolysis. Toxicological analysis revealed a carboxyhaemoglobin level of maximum 95% but the majority of cases (70.72%) had a concentration inferior to 50%. An inverse correlation was identified between carboxyhaemoglobin concentration and haemolysis, an indicator of heat dissociation. Our study proves that many fire victims may die because of carbon monoxide intoxication prior to the extent of burns at a lethal potential.

Management of carbon monoxide poisoning

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djillali Annane ◽  
B. Jérôme Aboab
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Morbid Conditions

CO poisoning is the commonest cause of toxic death. Carbon monoxide is colourless, odourless, and tasteless, and is produced under various conditions. When people inhale CO, the gas diffuses rapidly to the body and replaces oxygen at the level of haemoglobin, myoglobin, and other oxygen carriers. Subsequently, CO causes oxygen deprivation of all body tissues. CO also induces oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. After CO poisoning a broad variety of symptoms may occur. Survivors of CO poisoning often present with persistent neurological sequels or develop delayed neurological symptoms. There is poor correlation between carboxyhaemoglobin levels and clinical symptoms. The presence of coma, underlying co-morbid conditions and need for mechanical ventilation are the main prognostic factors. Management includes prompt extraction from the toxic environment and breathing 100% oxygen, although the role and practicalities of hyperbaric oxygen therapy remain controversial.

Preventing carbon monoxide poisoning in the Hudson River Tunnel in 1921: recounting history

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Neil B. Hampson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The New York Bridge and Tunnel Commission began planning for a tunnel beneath the lower Hudson river to connect Manhattan to New Jersey in 1919. At 8,300 feet, it would be the longest tunnel for passenger vehicles in the world. A team of engineers and physiologists at the Yale University Bureau of Mines Experiment Station was tasked with calculating the ventilation requirements that would provide safety from exposure to automobile exhaust carbon monoxide (CO) while balancing the cost of providing ventilation. As the level of ambient CO which was comfortably tolerated was not precisely defined, they performed human exposures breathing from 100 to 1,000 ppm CO, first on themselves and subsequently on Yale medical students. Their findings continue to provide a basis for carbon monoxide alarm requirements a century later.

Death from a driverless vehicle

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Das ◽  
Ritesh G Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Road traffic accidents are a major cause of fatalities around the world, and a number of deaths are caused by moving traffic on public roads. Deaths from vehicles that are off the highway may be called non-traffic fatalities which can be due to a vehicle reversing, carbon monoxide poisoning, weather-induced over-heating inside the vehicle and electric windows. Children (and animals) are the usual victims. We report a case from India where a man was found lying dead by the roadside with a lorry nearby. The autopsy findings indicated that he had been run over, but as there was no history of a vehicular collision and with no eyewitnesses, the investigators were unsure of the probable sequence of events that led to his death. The autopsy findings, history, circumstantial evidence and chemical analysis enabled us to work out what had happened.

scholarly journals Global, Regional, and National Burden of Accidental Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Xiangjie Lin ◽  
Mao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract IntroductionHealth system planning requires careful assessment of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) epidemiology, but data of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. This article investigates the global burden of ACOP based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) and the World Bank database.Materials and MethodsNumbers and age-standardized rates (ASR) of ACOP incidence, prevalence, deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) were analysed at global, regional, and national level. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of age-standardized rates (ASR) was calculated by generalizing the linear model with a Gaussian distribution. Age, sex, and economics parameters are included to access their internal relevance.ResultsGlobally, in 2019, there were approximately 0.97 million ACOP incidence cases (95% CI 0.66 million to 1.4 million), and 41,142 (95%UI 32957 to 45934) people died from it. Compared with 1990, the morbidity and mortality of ACOP in 2019 are on a downward trend. By sexes, from 1990 to 2019, females have a higher morbidity and lower mortality. This article also finds that the relevant parameters of ACOP are closely related to the economic parameters. This correlation enables us to evaluate the level and status of public health services in various countries.DiscussionACOP is the most common toxic disease in the world. In 2019, the number of patients who die from ACOP exceeded that of patients poisoned by all other means. In global health decision-making, especially in regions with high-middle and high SDI, more attention should be paid.ConclusionAs the population ageing in areas with High-middle SDI and High SDI increases, the potential burden of ACOP is increasing, presenting the governments with an increasing demand for acute care, rehabilitation, and support services. The results of this study can be used by the health authorities to consider the burden of ACOP that could be addressed with preventive and therapeutic measures.

scholarly journals Mortality and hospital admission rates for unintentional nonfire-related carbon monoxide poisoning across Canada: a trend analysis

CMAJ Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. E223-E230 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lavigne ◽  
S. Weichenthal ◽  
J. Wong ◽  
M. Smith-Doiron ◽  
R. Dugandzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Admission Rates

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN BUFFY COAT SMEAR AND DAT FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF VL IN SUDAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Rihab Mohamed Abdelrahman ◽  
Sayda Hassan El Safi
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The World ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Better Than

Visceral Leishmaniasis is considered by WHO as one of the leading diseases in the world and is present in 88 countries worldwide.It affects poor communities in peripheral areas. It infects the internal organs of the body. It is fatal if not treated.It is caused by the parasite L.donovani in the old world and L.infantum in the new world. Correct diagnosis is necessary if the disease is to be treated.Many diagnostic techniques are known but none is agreed upon worldwide.This study aims to compare two techniques for the diagnosis of VL in Sudan.37 patients was included in this study.Buffy coat smears were prepared from peripheral blood of these patients and were searched for the presence of the parasite.Serum from these blood samples was used to preform DAT technique.The sensitivity of buffy coat smear was 37.8% and that of DAT was 100%.When MacNemar test was conducted, it was found that DAT is better than buffy coat smear for the diagnosis of VL.We concluded that DAT is a better diagnostic technique and could be adapted for diagnosis of VL in Sudan.   

scholarly journals Smart Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide using Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3648-3651
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Threshold Limit ◽  
Toxic Gas ◽  
Co Gas

Every year, it is noted that at least 430 people die from accidental Carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide is an odourless, colourless and toxic gas formed by the incomplete ignition of fossil fuels. It is also called as “silent killer” as it is difficult to detect by humans without using some detecting technology. When people are exposed to carbon monoxide gas, the carbon monoxide molecules will displace the oxygen in the body and lead to poisoning. Thus, the concentration of CO overtime passes a threat which may even lead to death. To overcome this, a smart device is designed to monitor the carbon monoxide level overtime and sound an alarm before dangerous levels of CO accumulate in an environment. The sensor MQ7 senses CO gas and once it reaches the threshold limit 35ppm(parts per million) as per U.S standards, the control passes to the Arduino indicating the seriousness through the alarm. Once the indication is done the immediate measure is to provide ventilation in the particular area.

scholarly journals Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Italy: Retrospective Validation of a Data Collection Tool for the Italian Registry of Carbon Monoxide Poisonings (IRCOP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Lidio Maffi ◽  
Matteo Paganini ◽  
Giuliano Vezzani ◽  
Antonios Soumelis ◽  
Enrico M Camporesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Treatment ◽  
Co Intoxication

Background: Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning is a frequent cause of intoxication. However, CO poisoning incidence is globally underreported, as well as its features, especially in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate such characteristics of CO intoxication and foster the creation of the Italian Registry of Carbon Monoxide Poisonings. Methods: A data collection tool was developed and organized in five sections: Patient’s characteristics; CO intoxication modality; emergency medical service and emergency department; hyperbaric facility; outcomes. The tool was validated through a retrospective analysis, including CO intoxicated patients treated in 14 Italian hyperbaric facilities between 2015 and 2016. Results: A total of 1383 patients were included. The high completion ratio (85%) of the collection tool suggests its feasibility in practical terms. CO intoxications were mostly accidental (93.64%) and caused by solid fuel (48.59%). There was not a uniform application of hyperbaric oxygen treatment protocols, but most of the patients were adequately treated at least at 2.5 ATA for more than 60 min (44.97%). Conclusion: This analysis provided new information that was previously unavailable in this country. Furthermore, this tool proved to be a valid base for future registry aiming to consolidate the body of knowledge about CO intoxications in Italy.

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