scholarly journals Understanding Japan’s Civil Service System: Norms, Meritocracy, and Institutional Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zuliansyah P. Zulkarnain ◽  
Eko Prasojo
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Service System ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
Public Administration Reform ◽  
The Government ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to elucidate the tradition of Japan’s public administration emphasizing the civil service system. A number of studies explain the impact of the tradition (norms, values, and institutions), in shaping the process and result of public administration reform. By applying the historical institutionalism perspective, this study reveals how the legacy of the past, the tradition promoted by the Meiji Restoration, creates the new tradition of public administration. This study selects Japan as a typical case representing Asian developmentalists. The remarkable Meiji restoration marked the process of adoption and adjustment of the Germanic traditions in the bureaucracy modernization. Norm institutionalization has established the new norms and civil service system. The basic norms consist of legality, consensus, and seniority. It develops the "kyaria" denoting recruitment, selection, and promotion influenced by seniority, long term performance, and prestigious university recommendation and produces competent and dominant mandarins in the policy process. However, the parliament continuously initiates the reform to reduce the mandarin's domination and heighten political control over the bureaucracy. The reform has not yet changed the power balance of two institutions since the ”kyaria's” embeddedness in Japan's polity produces two consequences. First, it contributes to public administration modernization. The mandarin’s outstanding performance increases political legitimacy and social acceptance to the "kyaria"system. Second, the parliament cannot drastically reduce the mandarin’s role since the lifetime employment model enriches them with knowledge and experience of the government affairs. Conducting cautious reform and, at the same time, working closely with the mandarin are the primary reform strategy of the parliament.

Administrative elites and the crisis: what lies ahead for the senior civil service in Greece?

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calliope Spanou
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Service Reform ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Elites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The nature of the relationship between the public administration and politics and the subsequent role of the administration appear to be incompatible with the emergence of an administrative elite. After analysing the reasons for this incompatibility, the article explores the impact of the measures taken in the wake of the economic crisis on the civil service and its reform, and also the prospects for the development of a senior civil service. The key, and also the challenge, to any change in this direction remains the rebalancing of the relationship between the public administration and politics. Points for practitioners What might interest practitioners is the issue of the conditions of effectiveness of civil service reform in times of economic crisis and significant pressure.

scholarly journals Knowledge-Based Smart City Service System

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Giuseppe D’Aniello ◽  
Matteo Gaeta ◽  
Francesco Orciuoli ◽  
Giuseppe Sansonetti ◽  
Francesca Sorgente
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Service System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

A smart city can be defined as a city exploiting information and communication technologies to enhance the quality of life of its citizens by providing them with improved services while ensuring a conscious use of the available limited resources. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for the smart city, namely, the Smart City Service System. The framework proposes a vision of the smart city as a service system according to the principles of the Service-Dominant Logic and the service science theories. The rationale is that the services offered within the city can be improved and optimized via the exploitation of information shared by the citizens. The Smart City Service System is implemented as an ontology-based system that supports the decision-making processes at the government level through reasoning and inference processes, providing the decision-makers with a common operational picture of what is happening in the city. A case study related to the local public transportation service is proposed to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the framework. An experimental evaluation using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) has been performed to measure the impact of the framework on the decision-makers’ level of situation awareness.

The Changing Face of Georgia's Merit System: Results from an Employee Attitude Survey in the Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Gossett
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Service System ◽  
Civil Service Reform ◽  
Attitude Survey ◽  
New Employees ◽  
Merit System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Will

In 1996, the state of Georgia passed a radical civil service reform law that, in effect, removed all new employees from the traditional civil service system and made them “at-will” employees. Additionally, many functions, such as recruitment and classification, were decentralized to the operating agencies. This study attempts to review the impact of these changes on employees in one of the agencies, the Department of Juvenile Justice. A comparison is made of the attitudes of employees who are covered by civil service regulations and those who are not, principally with respect to organizational commitment and loyalty. The results of the survey suggest that, to date, the impact of these reforms on commitment and loyalty is not significant.

Professionalization of Civil Service in Hungary: The Potential Impacts of Centralizing Public Administration Education

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Márton Gellén
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Public ◽  
Service Professional ◽  
National University ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Government

The article examines the recent developments in public administration training in Hungary and draws conclusions for the future. The paper analyzes the connection between legalism and professionalism in Hungary. Legalism and professionalism are displayed as contrary notion by a considerable number of theorists. It appears that »legalism« is an appropriate label for the past status of public administration that reformists long to abandon. Since Hungary is considered to be part of the legalistic culture of European public administration (PA), the assumed conflict between legalism and professionalism appears more vividly. As part of the currently undergoing reform, professionalism received an influential institutional promoter within the Hungarian PA: the National University of Public Administration that is primarily a university but is also a successor of the government agency that used to be in charge of civil service professional training. The article concludes with summarizing the currently undergoing reform regarding professionalism that is also presented as being contrary to the legalistic PA in the government reform program for modernizing PA.

The Impact of Differentiation and Differential on Hong Kong's Career Public Service

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Brian Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
One Country Two Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
Career Employment ◽  
The Impact

The public administration principles characteristic of many Commonwealth countries served as the foundations for building the Hong Kong civil service. These have continued to operate in line with the `one country two systems' concept under which Hong Kong has been administered, since 1997, as a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. Career employment, hierarchy and public service values combined to provide an overarching unity to a system that nevertheless has developed considerable differentiation over time. This article examines the developments that are currently modifying Hong Kong's public sector. The discussion draws on documentary sources and a recently completed qualitative study on the experiences and perspectives of senior Hong Kong managers working in a dozen government departments and agencies. The discussion addresses questions about whether greater differentiation across government departments, in combination with increasing differential within these organizations, will ultimately bring about the demise of the traditional civil service system.

scholarly journals Методы государственного регулирования предпринимательской деятельности: теоретические подходы и опыт реализации в развитых странах

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
София Калинина ◽  
Екатерина Кузнецова
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

В работе систематизирован зарубежный опыт в направлении использования методов и инструментов государственного управления малым и средним предпринимательством. Статья основана на применении процессного подхода к изучению вопроса исследования, в рамках которого акцентируется воздействие субъекта на объект, то есть под управлением в данном исследовании будет пониматься процесс воздействия субъекта управления на управляемый объект для достижения определенной цели, при наличии обратной связи, осуществляемого с учетом воздействия внешней среды. Результаты представленного исследования вносят вклад в развитие и систематизацию теории и практики предпринимательства. Создание благоприятных условий, в частности благодаря изучению зарубежного опыта, будет способствовать развитию как малого и среднего предпринимательства, так и динамичному прогрессивному развитию территории, повышая тем самым благосостояние её населения. Будущими направлениями исследования станут анализ и оценка инфраструктуры поддержки и управления предпринимательской деятельности на локальной территории региона. The purpose of this paper is to systematize foreign experience in applying the public management methods and tools for small and medium-sized businesses. The main research methods were as follows: a group of general scientific methods within the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis, as well as the structure analysis; a group of empirical methods, including a review of the literature and performance. A combination of the following scientific methods was used to process the factual information: dialectical, logical, comparative, method of scientific generalizations, as well as the tabular analysis. The sources were the results of the scientific research in studying the concept of "public administration method" and more specialized methods of public administration - administrative-legal and economic, as well as the regulations of the executive authorities and the official published reports of the Government Banks. The research methodology is based on the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of public administration, based on administrative-legal and economic methods to stimulate the entrepreneurial activity in the small business sector. This paper is based on the application of the process approach to studying the research issue, which emphasizes the impact of the subject on the object, that is, management in this study will be understood as the process of the control subject impact on the controlled object to achieve a certain goal, with feedback, carried out in response to the impact of the external environment. The results of the research contribute to the development and systematization of the entrepreneurship theory and practice. The creation of favorable conditions, in particular due to the study of foreign experience, will contribute to the development of both small and medium- sized businesses and the area progressive and dynamic development, thereby improving the well-being of its population. Future areas of the research will include the analysis and evaluation of the business support and management infrastructure in the local area of the region.

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