scholarly journals Y-en-Roux reconstruction in abdominal surgery: historical retrospective of operative method’s evolution. Part II

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
M. A. Evseev ◽  
V. S Fomin ◽  
I. M. Klishin ◽  
A. M. Evseev
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Hepatobiliary Surgery ◽  
Pancreatic Anastomosis ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Theoretic Concept ◽  
Concept Evolution ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
The 19Th Century

This historical review is more focused on the analysis of highly relevant, unique method proposed by A. Wölfl er, E. Doyen and C. Roux more than 140 years ago. We also try to present main facts and the chronology of Y-reconstruction of the digestive tube concept’s development. Hereby we present historical retrospective of theoretic concept creation, experimental confi rmation and initial clinical experience of Y-shaped reconstruction of the digestive tube on Roux-en-Y-loop, stages of concept evolution and development from the end of the 19th century and continuing into current times. Scientifi c research of surgical gastroenterology, oncology, pancreatology and hepatobiliary surgery founders, expand application of Roux-en-Y-reconstruction from distal resection of the stomach and gastroenterostomy to gastrectomy, repeated operations on the upper part of the digestive tube, the formation of biliary-enteric and pancreatic anastomosis, and the use in the routine practice of bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Y-en-Roux reconstruction in abdominal surgery: historical retrospective of operative method’s evolution. Part I

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
M. A. Evseev ◽  
V. S. Fomin ◽  
I. M. Klishin ◽  
A. M. Evseev
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Hepatobiliary Surgery ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Theoretic Concept ◽  
Concept Evolution ◽  
Unique Method

Target of this historical review is focused on analysis of highly relevant, unique method proposed by A. Wölfler, E. Doyen and C. Roux more than 140 years ago, also we try to present main facts and chronology of development of concept Y-reconstruction of digestive tube. Hereby we present historical retrospective of theoretic concept creation, experimental verification and initial clinical experience of Y-shaped reconstruction of digestive tube on Roux-en-Y-loop, stages of concept evolution and development till the end of XIX age till our days. The founders’ scientific research onducted in surgical gastroenterology, oncology, pancreatology and hepatobiliary surgery, has expanded application of Roux-en-Y-reconstruction from distal resection of the stomach and gastroenterostomy to gastrectomy, repeated operations on the upper part of the digestive tube, the formation of biliary-digestive and pancreatic anastomoses, as well as the use in the routine practice of bariatric surgery.

A Brief History of Psoriasis Management in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Khalad Maliyar ◽  
Patrick Fleming ◽  
Boluwaji Ogunyemi ◽  
Charles Lynde
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
First Line ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory disease with a varying degree of clinical presentations. Managing psoriasis has always been arduous due to its chronicity and its propensity to relapse. Prior to the development of targeted biologic therapies, there were few effective treatments for psoriasis. Ancient psoriasis therapies included pinetar, plant extracts, psychotherapy, arsenic, and ammoniated mercury. In the 19th century, chrysarobin was developed. Then, in the early half of the 20th century, anthralin and coal tar were in widespread use. In the latter half of the 20th century, treatments were limited to topical first-line therapies, systemic drugs, and phototherapy. However, as the treatment of psoriasis has undergone a revolutionary change with the development of novel biologic therapies, patients with moderate to severe psoriasis have been able to avail therapies with high efficacy and durability along with an acceptable safety profile. This article is a brief historical review of the management of psoriasis prior to the inception of biologics and with the development of novel biologic therapies.

scholarly journals On the high scientific quality of early research on strain and deformation fabrics (1835–1908)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-216
Author(s):  
Pablo J. Torres Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Strain Ellipsoid ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. High-quality research developed during the 19th century established the foundations of rock strain investigations. Careful observation and description of rock fabrics and deformed objects in rocks allowed early researchers to obtain mathematical expressions that are still used today to quantify strain. Thus, in a span of a few decades, and applying basic scientific methodology, these researchers developed the concept of the strain ellipsoid, defined mathematically the difference between constant-volume and volume-loss deformation, constructed the basic equations that define pure and simple shear deformation, and discovered the mechanism of pressure–solution deformation. These advances were fundamental to seminal works on strain analysis and deformation fabrics in the mid-20th century. However, they are rarely addressed in modern studies, which suggests a lack of awareness among current researchers. In order to bring attention to these landmarks of strain research, I provide a historical review of the high standards of analysis that led to the definition of the fundamental equations and concepts on strain during the 19th century.

scholarly journals Historical Review: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM H. CROSBY
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Outstanding Work

Abstract 1. The history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is reviewed, and attention is called to four case reports published in the 19th century. A bibliography of the disease is appended. 2. The outstanding work of Paul Strübing is reviewed. Strübing identified paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria as a disease entity in 1882 but failed to give it a distinctive name. He described the disease with great accuracy, calling particular attention to the part played by sleep in precipitating the paroxysms. He cited earlier reports of nocturnal hemoglobinuria and by provocative tests differentiated the disease from the other paroxysmal hemoglobinurias. On the basis of his observations he proposed theories regarding the pathogenesis of the disease which have now been shown to be remarkably accurate.

The Coeducation of Physical Education in Greece: From the Ancient Times Until the Modern Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Kantzidou ◽  
Lawrence Judge
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Role ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

The majority of physical education (PE) classes in the United States became coeducational after Title IX was enacted in 1972. However, the process of considering the e#ects of coeducational PE did not begin there. !e purpose of this study was to present in as much detail as possible, through a thorough literature review, the presence and development of coeducation in the subject of PE in Greece over the years. !is historical review shows the views of the two founders of ancient Greek education, Plato and Aristotle, according to whom education was necessary for both boys and girls. !is study also references the infuences of the European Enlightenment, where the education of both sexes was considered necessary. During the 19th century, specifcally in 1828, the institution of coeducation of the two sexes took the first timid steps toward an educational evolution, which is directly related to social, cultural, and moral issues. Laws played a catalytic role in the issue of mixed education of boys and girls, even under adverse conditions, to reach 1985, where Law 1566 was passed, the last to assess Greek coeducational PE. Subscribe to TPE

Sewer sediment management: some historical aspects of egg-shaped sewers and flushing tanks

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Sediment Management ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
French And English ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper presents a historical review of some concepts and techniques used to manage sewer sediments and to cleanse sewers. Two aspects are illustrated: i) the use of egg-shaped and similar types of sewers in order to ensure self-cleansing velocities even during low flow periods, and ii) the use of flushing tanks to scour deposited sediments and keep sewers free of deposits. After a brief survey of antecedent periods, the paper focuses on the evolution since the middle of the 19th century. Mainly based on French and English complementary examples, because both countries were leaders in the development of urban drainage in the period 1840-1880, the paper also provides information from Germany and the USA and shows that some aspects remained rather unchanged during 150 years while other have been completely revised during the same period.

The shift in the indications for the tracheotomy between 1940 and 1955: an historical review

1999 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Graamans ◽  
W. Pirsig ◽  
K. Biefel
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
World War ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

AbstractIn the period between 1940 and 1955 the indications for tracheotomy were extended. For centuries tracheotomies were performed to treat obstructive diseases of the upper airway (hypopharynx, larynx, trachea). With the end of the second World War tracheotomy was indicated more and more for the therapy of lower airway disturbances.Medical empiricism is thought to be responsible for the gradual shift in the indications during that period from upper to lower airway disturbances. Knowledge about the underlying principles of respiratory physiology was, however, already present at the end of the 19th century, but the shift in the indications did not occur until relatively recently. For many victims of World War II the discovery of the beneficial effect of a tracheotomy in a variety of traumatic disorders may have come too late.

scholarly journals Evolution and development: some insights from evolutionary theory

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN R. DAVID
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Developmental Genetics ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Evo Devo ◽  
Why Questions ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Novel Structures

Developmental biology and evolutionary biology are both mature integrative disciplines which started in the 19th century and then followed parallel and independent scientific pathways. Recently, a genetical component has stepped into both disciplines (developmental genetics and evolutionary genetics) pointing out the need for future convergent maturation. Indeed, the Evo-Devo approach is becoming popular among developmental biologists, based on the facts that distant groups share a common ancestry, that precise phylogenies can be worked out and that homologous genes often play similar roles during the development of very different organisms. In this essay, I try to show that the real future of Evo-Devo thinking is still broader. The evolutionary theory is a set of diverse concepts which can and should be used in any biological field. Evolutionary thinking trains to ask « why » questions and to provide logical and plausible answers. It can shed some light on a diversity of general problems such as how to distinguish homologies from analogies, the costs and benefits of multicellularity, the origin of novel structures (e.g. the head), or the evolution of sexual reproduction. In the next decade, we may expect a progressive convergence between developmental genetics and quantitative genetics.

scholarly journals Myocardial Work: Methodology and Clinical Applications

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadopoulos ◽  
Özge Özden Tok ◽  
Konstantina Mitrousi ◽  
Ignatios Ikonomidis
Keyword(s):  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Myocardial Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Reference Curve ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Detailed Assessment

A precise and accurate assessment of left ventricular (LV) contractility is of utmost importance in terms of prognosis in most cardiac pathologies. Given the limitations of ejection fraction (EF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) due to their load dependency, a novel imaging tool called myocardial work (MW) has emerged as a promising method for LV performance evaluation. MW is a novel, less load-dependent method based on computation of myocardial strain–arterial blood pressure curves. This method provides a more detailed assessment of segmental and global LV function incorporating the patient’s LV pressure and is derived by brachial artery pressure utilizing an empiric reference curve adjusted to the duration of the isovolumic and ejection phases as determined by echocardiography. The clinical implications of this unique method have been expanding in the last few years, which attest to the robust additive role of MW in routine practice.

scholarly journals Why do we iron clothes? Tracking its origins based on a sanitary hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Miguel Díaz-Alejo ◽  
Eduardo Costas ◽  
Paloma Martínez-Alesón García
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Collective Mind ◽  
Historical Reason ◽  
Epidemic Typhus ◽  
Internet Searches ◽  
Probable Origin ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Plausible Reason

While the task of ironing clothes is generally disliked and seen as a waste of energy, people continue ironing. There are no serious groups or movements against ironing, as it is a behaviour engraved in the collective mind. In this study, we consider it a cultural behaviour that is performed due to an underlying, historical reason that is yet unknown. The aim of this study, however, is to provide a historically appropriate reason for this task. A meta-analysis based on internet searches showed that people primarily iron clothes for aesthetic reasons, which is a non-satisfactory explanation. Some people, however, provided a hygiene-based motive. Based on this probable origin for the act of ironing, a historical review was conducted based on the premise of ironing to disinfect clothes. Some patents were found that dated back to the middle of the 19th century, so ironing had already been established to remove wrinkles at this time. Other clinical reports and recommendations suggested that ironing not only kills lice and nits on the clothes, it also disinfects them from the causative organisms of epidemic typhus and other louse-borne diseases. Thus, the use of ironing in early times, (i.e., before the invention of chemicals, such as pyrethroids, or in situations when there was a lack of water to boil the clothes, like war) demonstrates that hygiene is a plausible reason to explain the dissemination of this behaviour.

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