scholarly journals Kaji Eksperimental Pengunaan R22 dan R410A Berdasarkan Variasi Laku Aliran Massa Pada Mesin AC

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dian Wahyu ◽  
Nasrullah - ◽  
Khairul Amri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ac Machines ◽  
Reduce Electricity Consumption ◽  
Compressor Power

The development of the use of air conditioning machines (AC machines) is very high , due to the increased consumption of electricity for household needs are also increasing . Based on field observations of R22 refrigerant is still widely used in commercial air conditioning machines , where the refrigerant has properties that are not friendly to the environment . R410A refrigerant has been recommended to replace worn R22 . It became one of the rationale for conducting the assessment directly to efforts to reduce electricity consumption due to the use of air conditioning machines in the household and the efforts to preserve the environment . The research was conducted on a commercial air conditioning machines by testing the engine for both types of refrigerant ( R22 and R410A ) . Testing the engine characteristics , tested by varying the refrigerant mass flow rate for both refrigerants . The test results showed , electricity consumption ( compressor power ) for the use of both types of refrigerants is similar but uses R410A refrigerant produces a greater cooling effect than by using refrigerant R22 . In Overall effect of the variation of mass flow rate for both refrigerants clearly evident , the increase in mass flow rate causes enhancement of several variables such as the increase in compressor power , cooling effect , the effect of heat release , but for the coeficient of perfomance ( COP ) , the addition of the mass flow rate after COP The optimum value of the COP does not increase anymore . In this study, the highest COP values obtained in the refrigerant mass flow rate 3.4 g / s for R410A and R22 for 1.9 has the highest COP of 1.7 at a flow rate of refrigerant mass 3 g / s . For maximum cooling impact , generated by 0.502 kW to 0.572 kW usage for R22 and R410A.

A physics-based turbocharger model for automotive diesel engine control applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (7) ◽  
pp. 1667-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Song ◽  
Devesh Upadhyay ◽  
Hui Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Euler’S Equations ◽  
Variable Geometry Turbine ◽  
Euler's Equations ◽  
Compressor Power

Control-oriented models of turbocharger processes such as the compressor mass flow rate, the compressor power, and the variable geometry turbine power are presented. In a departure from approaches that rely on ad hoc empirical relationships and/or supplier provided performance maps, models based on turbomachinery physics and known geometries are attempted. The compressor power model is developed using Euler’s equations of turbomachinery, where the gas velocity exiting the rotor is estimated from an empirically identified correlation for the ratio between the radial and tangential components of the gas velocity. The compressor mass flow rate is modeled based on mass conservation, by approximating the compressor as an adiabatic converging-diverging nozzle with compressible fluid driven by external work input from the compressor wheel. The variable geometry turbine power is developed with Euler’s equations, where the turbine exit swirl and the gas acceleration in the vaneless space are neglected. The gas flow direction into the turbine rotor is assumed to align with the orientation of the variable geometry turbine vane. The gas exit velocity is calculated, similar to the compressor, based on an empirical model for the ratio between the turbine rotor inlet and exit velocities. A power loss model is also proposed that allows proper accounting of power transfer between the turbine and compressor. Model validation against experimental data is presented.

Effect of Condenser Temperature and Speed on one A/C System

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 686-690
Author(s):  
Cheng Jun Pan ◽  
Yi Da Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Test System ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Air Conditioning System

This study describes the results on the performance of one vehicle air conditioning system. The coefficient of performance, evaporator cooling capacity, compressor power consumption, total mass flow rate, vapor mass flow rate, liquid mass flow rate and oil in circulation, pressures and temperatures of refrigerant at every component (inlets and outlets) are measured and analyzed with the variation of the outside temperatures at the evaporator and condenser, the speed of the compressor, refrigerant charge and oil charge. The systematical experimental results obtained from this real-size test system depict the relations between the above parameters in a vehicle air conditioning system, which constitute a useful source for vehicle air conditioning systems design and analysis. The vapor quality (two-phase flow) measurements realized in this work provide an extremely important tool for diagnosing the system performances.

scholarly journals Harvesting Cooling Effect on LPG-Fueled Vehicles for Mini Cooler: A Lab-Scale Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Muji Setiyo ◽  
Noto Widodo ◽  
Bagiyo Condro Purnomo ◽  
Suroto Munahar ◽  
Muhammad Andi Rahmawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Heat Absorption ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

This article presents an investigation of the actual cooling effect on a lab-scale prototype of LPG-fueled vehicles. The cooling effect is obtained from heat absorption by LPG on the vaporizer. Water with a mass flow rate of 1, 2 and 3 lpm is flowed from the cooling box to the LPG evaporator and flow back to the cooling box. The car used in this study has a capacity of 1500 cc that rotates 1000, 1500, and 2000 rpm. The results showed that there was a relationship between cooling power with the increase in engine speed and mass flow rate of water that crosses the evaporator. The biggest cooling power is 378 Watts at 1000 rpm with a water mass flow rate of 3 lpm.

scholarly journals CONDENSOR DESIGN ANALYSIS WITH KAYS AND LONDON SURFACE DIMENSIONS

SINERGI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Dedik Romahadi ◽  
Nanang Ruhyat ◽  
L. B. Desti Dorion
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Existing Data

The use of condensers in air conditioning units is more common in large-capacity units than in ones with a smaller capacity. Air conditioning provides comfort and freshness to an air-conditioned room. It should be noted that each room has a different heat load, which affects the specifications of the condenser used. The accuracy with which appropriate condenser specifications are determined affects the performance of the air conditioner. Thus, considering how important condenser needs are, it is necessary to design condensers with optimal performance, which adhere to proven standards. To achieve this, the design of a condenser should be based on the results of the smallest condenser dimensions of three types of surfaces, as they are intended for a limited place. This condenser design uses the standard dimensions of the Kays and London charts. Data is collected by measuring the results of temperature and enthalpy of a refrigerant at desuperheating and condensation, inlet air temperature, outlet air temperature, refrigerant mass flow rate, and air mass flow rate. The results of the compact condenser design are based on existing data, which is obtained from the smallest design results. The result uses the type of Surface CF-8.72(c) with a heat transfer area of 0.259 m2, a total tube length of 9.5 m, crossing tube length 0.594 m and a pressure drop of 3778 Pascal (Pa) on the side of a tube. This design fulfills the stipulated requirements, as the pressure drop is less than the specified maximum limit in most units.

scholarly journals Combined building integrated photovoltaic-thermal collector with air source heat pump for cold climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghad Sabah Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
In Series ◽  
T System

A TRNSYS model was developed to conduct a comprehensive study of combining a building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPV/T) collector with an air source heat pump (ASHP) in an Archetype Sustainable House. The heat pump uses the warm air generated in the BIPV/T as the source for heat production. The coupling of BIPV/T and ASHP enables a highly efficient heating system in winter conditions. A numerical model was developed for an air-based PV/T collector. The model was used to predict the thermal and electrical performance of the collector and to conduct a comprehensive analysis for different configurations (number of PV/T panels in rows NR and in series NS) and different design parameters. TRNSYS simulation results showed that low air mass flow rate and low duct depth enhance the heat pump coefficient of performance (COP). The arrangement with a large number of PV/T systems connected in series has higher COP. The maximum obtained seasonal heating COP was 3.45, corresponding to duct depth of 1.5 in, NS=5 and low row mass flow rate of 0.03 kg/s. The heat pump cumulative electricity consumption for a typical heating season could be reduced by 20.2%. When the analysis was based only on sunny hours, the electricity consumption of the combined ASHP + PV/T system was reduced by 52% and the predicted seasonal COP of the heat pump was 5.98. A new full-scale test facility was presented to be implemented at Toronto and Region Conservation Authority to examine the performance of combining passive system and dynamic building envelope technologies (BIPV/T+ASHP+TES) under real weather conditions. It is important to match the maximum airflow for the BIPV/T system with the maximum airflow for the outdoor coil of the heat pump. The pressure drop inside the PV/T collector along with the connecting air duct from the BIPV/T to ASHP for a wide range of airflow rates and different duct depths was calculated. It was found that for air a flow rate around 2000 CFM, which is the maximum CFM for the custom-made ASHP for the test facility, the predicted fan energy was 195 kWh/year corresponding to 1.5 in. duct depth.

scholarly journals Modeling Validation and Control Analysis for Controlled Temperature and Humidity of Air Conditioning System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Nang Lee ◽  
Tsung-Min Lin ◽  
Chien-Chih Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Control Criteria ◽  
And Control

This study constructs an energy based model of thermal system for controlled temperature and humidity air conditioning system, and introduces the influence of the mass flow rate, heater and humidifier for proposed control criteria to achieve the controlled temperature and humidity of air conditioning system. Then, the reliability of proposed thermal system model is established by both MATLAB dynamic simulation and the literature validation. Finally, the PID control strategy is applied for controlling the air mass flow rate, humidifying capacity, and heating, capacity. The simulation results show that the temperature and humidity are stable at 541 sec, the disturbance of temperature is only 0.14°C, 0006 kgw/kgdain steady-state error of humidity ratio, and the error rate is only 7.5%. The results prove that the proposed system is an effective controlled temperature and humidity of an air conditioning system.

A Study of the Performance of a Hybrid Liquid Desiccant Cooling System Using Lithium Chloride

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Mago ◽  
D. Yogi Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Test House ◽  
Vapor Compression System ◽  
Research And Education

This paper presents field test of a hybrid solar liquid desiccant cooling system conducted at a test house at the University of Florida’s Energy Research and Education Park. These tests consisted of operating the air conditioning system at the test house in two configurations: the conventional vapor compression system and the hybrid desiccant system. Experiments were conducted to study the influence of the air mass flow rate, temperature of the inlet air, temperature of the desiccant, and desiccant mass flow rate on the performance of both system configurations. Based on the field test results, it was found that the hybrid desiccant system improves the air conditioning performance in the field test house by decreasing the outlet humidity and temperature of the air.

Effect of Refrigerant Charge and Inlet Air Temperature on One A/C System

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2142-2146
Author(s):  
Cheng Jun Pan ◽  
Yi Da Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Test System ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Air Conditioning System

This study describes the results on the performance of one vehicle air conditioning system. The coefficient of performance, evaporator cooling capacity, compressor power consumption, total mass flow rate, vapor mass flow rate, liquid mass flow rate and oil in circulation, pressures and temperatures of refrigerant at every component (inlets and outlets) are measured and analyzed with the variation of the outside temperatures at the evaporator and condenser, the speed of the compressor, refrigerant charge and oil charge. The systematical experimental results obtained from this real-size test system depict the relations between the above parameters in a vehicle air conditioning system, which constitute a useful source for vehicle air conditioning systems design and analysis. The vapor quality (two-phase flow) measurements realized in this work provide an extremely important tool for diagnosing the system performances.

scholarly journals Design, fabrication and testing of a cassava pelletizer

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.B. Oduntan ◽  
O.A. Koya ◽  
M.O. Faborode
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Screw Length ◽  
Level Production

This paper reports on the design of fabrication and testing of a machine for cottage level production of pellets from cassava mash. The pelletizer consists of a barreled screw auger which compresses cassava mash against perforated end plate, through which the pellets are pelletized. The result derived from the calculated design parameters (shaft diameter, tensile stress, torque, screw length, volumetric capacity mass flow rate and power rating) were used for the fabrication. The testing of the pelletizer was determined in terms of throughput of the machine, against the moisture content of the mash (18, 20 and 22% w.b.), die size (4, 6 and 8 mm) and the auger speed (90, 100 and 120 rpm). Test results showed that the pellets with the best quality attributes were obtained from cassava mash at 18% moisture content (w.b.) through the 4 mm die at 90 rpm and a maximum throughput of 54 kg/h.

A Study of the Performance of a Hybrid Liquid Desiccant Cooling System Using Lithium Chloride

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Mago ◽  
D. Yogi Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Test House

Abstract A hybrid desiccant system using aqueous lithium chloride was studied by simulation, laboratory test, and field tests. This paper presents field test of a hybrid solar liquid desiccant cooling system conducted at a test house at the University of Florida’s Energy Research and Education Park. These tests consisted of operating the air conditioning system at the test house in two configurations: the conventional vapor compression system and the hybrid desiccant system. For each configuration the system was operated in two modes: recirculation, and 100% ventilation air. Experiments were conduct to study the influence of the air mass flow rate, temperature of the inlet air, temperature of the desiccant, and desiccant mass flow rate on the performance of both system configurations. Based on the field test results it was found that the hybrid desiccant system improves the air conditioning performance in the field test house by decreasing the outlet humidity and temperature of the air. It was also found that the hybrid desiccant cooling system is more cost effective for the case 100% fresh air ventilation than recirculation.

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