APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNOLOGY FOR CORROSION MONITORING IN WELLS WITH DUAL COMPLETIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwen Dai ◽  
◽  
Ahmed E. Fouda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Inversion Algorithm ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Model Based ◽  
In Situ Calibration

Monitoring the integrity of well casings is vital for oil and gas well management, which can help maintain production levels, reduce maintenance cost, and protect surrounding environment. An electromagnetic pipe inspection tool with multiple transmitter and receiver arrays operating at multiples frequencies was designed to accurately estimate the individual wall thicknesses of up to five nested pipes. Data acquired from this tool was originally processed based on an axis-symmetric forward model to invert for wall thicknesses of individual pipes. Such processing workflow is only applicable to a typical well completion with a single production tubing inside multiple nested casings. However, in a scenario with dual completions, two production tubings are generally installed to produce from more than one production zone. The presence of more than one tubing breaks the axial-symmetry of the completion structure. In this paper, we propose a new workflow to process data from electromagnetic tools for the application of integrity inspection of non-nested tubulars. A yard test with full-scale mockup demonstrates the performance of the tool. The proposed workflow, including data calibration and model-based inversion, can estimate the magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity of the pipes, along with wall thicknesses, and eccentricity of the tubings with respect to the innermost casing. An in-situ calibration method is applied to mitigate interference from one tubing when the tool is logged inside the other tubing. Model-based inversion enables an accurate estimation of the thickness of outer casings along with the eccentricity of the tubings. In addition, a two-dimensional inversion algorithm is shown to provide more accurate assessment of small corrosion spots. In the yard test, a 150 ft-long mockup includes two strings of 2⅞-in. tubings and two outer casings with four machined defects with different sizes. Logging inside each of the tubing strings was performed, and the two logs are processed to obtain the thicknesses of the tubings, outer casings as well as the eccentricity of the tubings. The inversion results reveal that the tool can accurately detect various kinds of defects on outer casings from one single log, even in the presence of a second tubing. The measurements show that the interference from the adjacent tubing is minimal and its impact on the inversion result can be well mitigated by employing the in-situ calibration. The consistent results from two logs run in each tubing string suggests that it is sufficient to run the tool in only one of the tubing strings, if the goal is solely to inspect corrosion in the outer casings. The techniques presented enable pipe integrity monitoring with a single run inside any one of the tubings and without pulling out any pipes. The data processing workflow based on two-dimensional inversion yields more accurate estimation, which provides critical information to significantly improve the efficiency of well intervention operations, therefore minimizing non-productive time and cost.

Model based in situ calibration of six axis force torque sensors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Andrade Chavez ◽  
Silvio Traversaro ◽  
Daniele Pucci ◽  
Francesco Nori
Keyword(s):  
Model Based ◽  
In Situ Calibration

scholarly journals Six-Axis Force Torque Sensor Model-Based In Situ Calibration Method and Its Impact in Floating-Based Robot Dynamic Performance

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5521
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Andrade Chavez ◽  
Silvio Traversaro ◽  
Daniele Pucci
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Temperature Drift ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Floating Base ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
The Impact

A crucial part of dynamic motions is the interaction with other objects or the environment. Floating base robots have yet to perform these motions repeatably and reliably. Force torque sensors are able to provide the full description of a contact. Despite that, their use beyond a simple threshold logic is not widespread in floating base robots. Force torque sensors might change performance when mounted, which is why in situ calibration methods can improve the performance of robots by ensuring better force torque measurements. The Model-Based in situ calibration method with temperature compensation has shown promising results in improving FT sensor measurements. There are two main goals for this paper. The first is to facilitate the use and understanding of the method by providing guidelines that show their usefulness through experimental results. Then the impact of having better FT measurements with no temperature drift are demonstrated by proving that the offset estimated with this method is still useful days and even a month from the time of estimation. The effect of this is showcased by comparing the sensor response with different offsets simultaneously during real robot experiments. Furthermore, quantitative results of the improvement in dynamic behaviors due to the in situ calibration are shown. Finally, we show how using better FT measurements as feedback in low and high level controllers can impact the performance of floating base robots during dynamic motions. Experiments were performed on the floating base robot iCub.

scholarly journals Model Based In Situ Calibration with Temperature compensation of 6 axis Force Torque Sensors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Andrade Chavez ◽  
Gabriele Nava ◽  
Silvio Traversaro ◽  
Francesco Nori ◽  
Daniele Pucci
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Model Based ◽  
In Situ Calibration

scholarly journals Back-Calculation of Soil Modulus from PFWD Based on a Viscoelastic Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Tianzeng Ren ◽  
Md Ashrafuzzaman Khan ◽  
Yusheng Teng ◽  
Jianlong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Plate Load Test ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
Soil Modulus

To improve the accuracy of back-calculation of soil modulus using the portable falling weight deflectometer (PFWD), a viscoelastic method (VEM) overcoming the limitations of the conventional linear elastic method (LEM) was proposed. A quasi-static dynamic analysis technique of Laplace transformation and a modified Gauss–Newton optimization algorithm were adopted in the proposed method. The back-calculation program was compiled with MATLAB. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified with the in situ plate load test (PLT) conducted on a highway embankment. In situ test results showed that a time lag existed between the peaks of deflection and load, and load-deflection curves were nonlinear, which indicated the viscoelastic nature of the soil. The back-calculated modulus using the LEM and VEM was higher than that using the PLT. In the case of low stiffness soil, the average error of back-calculation using the LEM and VEM was 53.1% and 14.8%, respectively. However, for stiffer soil, the average error of back-calculation using the LEM and VEM method was 12.4% and 4.3%, respectively. Moduli of back-calculation using LEM and VEM methods were used to perform flexible pavement analysis, which showed that with an 8% reduction of modulus, the pavement service life reduced by 25%. More accurate estimation of modulus can save maintenance cost in the future.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Model to Predict the Elastic Behavior of Sandstone Rocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowida ◽  
Moussa ◽  
Elkatatny ◽  
Ali
Keyword(s):  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Well Completion

Rock mechanical properties play a key role in the optimization process of engineering practices in the oil and gas industry so that better field development decisions can be made. Estimation of these properties is central in well placement, drilling programs, and well completion design. The elastic behavior of rocks can be studied by determining two main parameters: Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Accurate determination of the Poisson’s ratio helps to estimate the in-situ horizontal stresses and in turn, avoid many critical problems which interrupt drilling operations, such as pipe sticking and wellbore instability issues. Accurate Poisson’s ratio values can be experimentally determined using retrieved core samples under simulated in-situ downhole conditions. However, this technique is time-consuming and economically ineffective, requiring the development of a more effective technique. This study has developed a new generalized model to estimate static Poisson’s ratio values of sandstone rocks using a supervised artificial neural network (ANN). The developed ANN model uses well log data such as bulk density and sonic log as the input parameters to target static Poisson’s ratio values as outputs. Subsequently, the developed ANN model was transformed into a more practical and easier to use white-box mode using an ANN-based empirical equation. Core data (692 data points) and their corresponding petrophysical data were used to train and test the ANN model. The self-adaptive differential evolution (SADE) algorithm was used to fine-tune the parameters of the ANN model to obtain the most accurate results in terms of the highest correlation coefficient (R) and the lowest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results obtained from the optimized ANN model show an excellent agreement with the laboratory measured static Poisson’s ratio, confirming the high accuracy of the developed model. A comparison of the developed ANN-based empirical correlation with the previously developed approaches demonstrates the superiority of the developed correlation in predicting static Poisson’s ratio values with the highest R and the lowest MAPE. The developed correlation performs in a manner far superior to other approaches when validated against unseen field data. The developed ANN-based mathematical model can be used as a robust tool to estimate static Poisson’s ratio without the need to run the ANN model.

Concomitant induction to few-layer and 1T-rich two-dimensional MoS2 by rigid segment-containing polysulfide as a sulfur source and in situ intercalator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijuan Wang ◽  
Jianzhi Wang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Zhuangwei Xiao ◽  
Yanan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Rigid Segment

A rigid segment-containing polysulfide was used as a sulfur source and in situ intercalator to induce the formation of few-layer and 1T-rich MoS2.

scholarly journals A Self-Established “Machining-Measurement-Evaluation” Integrated Platform for Taper Cutting Experiments and Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Xudong Yang ◽  
Zexiao Li ◽  
Linlin Zhu ◽  
Yuchu Dong ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Precision Machining ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Integrated Platform ◽  
Hard And Brittle Materials ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Cutting Experiments

Taper-cutting experiments are important means of exploring the nano-cutting mechanisms of hard and brittle materials. Under current cutting conditions, the brittle-ductile transition depth (BDTD) of a material can be obtained through a taper-cutting experiment. However, taper-cutting experiments mostly rely on ultra-precision machining tools, which have a low efficiency and high cost, and it is thus difficult to realize in situ measurements. For taper-cut surfaces, three-dimensional microscopy and two-dimensional image calculation methods are generally used to obtain the BDTDs of materials, which have a great degree of subjectivity, leading to low accuracy. In this paper, an integrated system-processing platform is designed and established in order to realize the processing, measurement, and evaluation of taper-cutting experiments on hard and brittle materials. A spectral confocal sensor is introduced to assist in the assembly and adjustment of the workpiece. This system can directly perform taper-cutting experiments rather than using ultra-precision machining tools, and a small white light interference sensor is integrated for in situ measurement of the three-dimensional topography of the cutting surface. A method for the calculation of BDTD is proposed in order to accurately obtain the BDTDs of materials based on three-dimensional data that are supplemented by two-dimensional images. The results show that the cutting effects of the integrated platform on taper cutting have a strong agreement with the effects of ultra-precision machining tools, thus proving the stability and reliability of the integrated platform. The two-dimensional image measurement results show that the proposed measurement method is accurate and feasible. Finally, microstructure arrays were fabricated on the integrated platform as a typical case of a high-precision application.

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