scholarly journals Compared to whom? Social and historical reference points and performance appraisals by managers, students, and the general public

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Rutherford ◽  
Thomas Rabovsky ◽  
Megan Darnley
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Performance Appraisals ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
K 12 ◽  
And Training

Experimental studies in public administration often focus on samples of non-practitioner groups. In these cases, it is unclear whether findings from non-practitioner groups are generalizable to public managers. Some literature suggests that bureaucrats are likely to hold biases similar to the rest of the population while other research argues that bureaucratic expertise and training allow practitioners to make decisions in more strategic or rational ways. This study works within the literature of performance information to test for differences in responses to the same experiment among college students, citizens, and public managers in the context of U.S. K-12 education. Some differences were detected across groups, though results reveal largely similar findings which have implications for when and how scholars might rely on non-practitioner samples to consider the attitudes and behaviors of bureaucrats or elected policymakers.

scholarly journals Public sector reform and the state of performance management in Portugal: is there a gap between performance measurement and its use?

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6/7) ◽  
pp. 613-627
Author(s):  
Ana I. Melo ◽  
Luís F. Mota
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
The State ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Managers

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the state of performance management in the Portuguese public sector as part of the efforts towards public administration reform.Design/methodology/approachTheoretically, the authors took Bouckaert and Halligan's (2008, pp. 35–39) approach into consideration to analyse the adoption of performance management practices. This approach was supplemented by an adaptation of Pollitt and Bouckaert's (2011, p. 33) framework to analyse the context for administrative reforms. The used data analysis techniques include documentary analysis (namely legislation and evaluation reports of reform efforts), secondary data analysis and a survey conducted with 296 Portuguese top public managers.FindingsThe findings show that Portuguese public sector organisations adopted several tools to measure performance over the years, but failed to incorporate performance information into their management practices or to properly use it for either internal or external purposes. Concerning the ideal types proposed by Bouckaert and Halligan (2008, p. 36), Portugal is considered to fit the “performance administration” ideal type, even though it is moving closer to the “managements of performance” ideal type.Originality/valueThis is one of the first comprehensive studies on the state of performance management in Portugal framed within the broader context of public sector reforms. The findings will be of interest both to scholars who study public administration reforms and performance management and to Portuguese policy makers and public managers who are interested in understanding and improving the way performance information is measured, incorporated and used in that sector.

Application of a System-Wide Trust Strategy when Supervising Multiple Autonomous Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Walliser ◽  
Ewart J. de Visser ◽  
Tyler H. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Supervisory Control ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Multi Agent System ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Training

When interacting with complex systems, the manner in which an operator trusts automation influences system performance. Recent studies have demonstrated that people tend to apply trust broadly rather than exhibiting specific trust in each component of the system in a calibrated manner (e.g. Keller & Rice, 2010). While this System–Wide Trust effect has been established for basic situations such as judging gauges, it has not been studied in realistic settings such as collaboration with autonomous agents in a multi-agent system. This study utilized a multiple UAV control simulation, to explore how people apply trust in multi autonomous agents in a supervisory control setting. Participants interacted with four UAVs that utilized automated target recognition (ATR) systems to identify targets as enemy or friendly. When one of the autonomous agents was inaccurate and performance information was provided, participants were 1) less accurate, 2) more likely to verify the ATR’s determination, 3) spent more time verifying images, and 4) rated the other systems as less trustworthy even though they were 100% correct. These findings support previous work that demonstrated the prevalence of system-wide trust and expand the conditions in which system-wide trust strategies are applied. This work suggests that multi-agent systems should provide carefully designed cues and training to mitigate the system-wide trust effect.

Examining the Interaction Among Likelihood to Sexually Harass, Ratee Attractiveness, and Job Performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Ann Lee ◽  
Jennifer L. Welbourne ◽  
Wesley A. Hoke ◽  
Joyce Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisals ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Security Guard ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Disc Jockey ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gender Type

The present work examines whether a rater's likelihood to sexually harass (LSH) moderates the effects of employee attractiveness, gender type of job, and explicit performance information on performance appraisals of female subordinates. A mixed design was used with rater LSH (high vs. medium vs. low) as a between-subjects variable; ratee attractiveness (high vs. low), ratee actual performance level (high vs. low), and job type (disc jockey vs. secretary vs. security guard) were within-subjects variables. A total of 92 male undergraduates completed Pryor's LSH Scale, read 12 written performance scenarios (with employee photographs), and rated performance of described female employees. Interactions between LSH with attractiveness and performance were found.

Public Administration in the Field of Subsoil Use and Protection in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Nadiia Maksimentseva
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Administrative Functions ◽  
The People ◽  
European Court ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Incoming Energy

Laws and regulations backing and governing public administration in subsoil use and protection in Ukraine is gradually gaining priority and importance given incoming energy security and resource self-sufficiency risks alerts for the State as one of the warrants for political and economic independence and guarantees for the people of Ukraine to enjoy and plenipotentiary implement its propitiatory rights set forth in the Constitution of Ukraine with regard to natural resources and benefits that constitute the genuine wealth of the nation. The article is written with the application of inductive reasoning and performance of various research methods, such as case studies, phenomenological study with some focus on nature and source of laws and administrative functions, grounded theory study; also a deep comparative analysis of domestic and overseas legal patterns is carried out. The article is devoted to the research of problems with regard to public administration in the field of subsoil use and protection in Ukraine. The author emphasizes that determination of public administration in the field of subsoil use and protection is a form of public managerial activities of public administration authorities (state authorities, local self-government bodies, self-governing public organizations with the respective competence). It is suggested that these activities are aimed at implementation of the policies in the field of geological exploration of mineral resources, mineral extraction, construction of underground and terrestrial facilities not related to the extraction of minerals, subsoil and environmental protection and they are based on the principles of interaction between subject and object of public administration, discretion, mutual responsibility, self-governance and decentralization when public services are provided. Also, the article presents many judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights and Citizen, the Supreme Court in the field of public administration in the field of subsoil use and protection. In concluding notes amendments to Subsoil Code of Ukraine, methodology for calculating the initial selling price for the sale of special permit, selection procedures for open special permit tender bid winners and responsibility for subsoil use abandonment costs are suggested by the author.

scholarly journals Pacing in Time-Limited Ultramarathons from 6 to 24 Hours—The Aspects of Age, Sex and Performance Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
Hagen Deusch ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
José Ramón Alvero-Cruz ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
And Training ◽  
Age And Sex

(1) Background: Compared with marathon races, pacing in time-limited ultramarathons has only been poorly discussed in the literature. The aim of the present study was to analyze the interaction of performance level, age and sex with pacing during 6 h, 12 h or 24 h time-limited ultramarathons. (2) Methods: Participants (n = 937, age 48.62 ± 11.80 years) were the finishers in 6 h (n = 40, 17 women and 23 men), 12 h (n = 232, 77 women and 155 men) and 24 h (n = 665, 166 women and 409 men) ultramarathons. The coefficient of variation (CV), calculated as SD/mean, was used to described pacing. Low scores of CV denoted a more even pacing, and vice versa. A two-way analysis of variance examined the main effects and interactions of sex and race duration on age, race speed and pacing. (3) Results: More men participated in the longer race distances than in the shorter ones and men were older and faster than women. Comparing the 6 h, 12 h and 24 h races, the finishers in the 6 h were the fastest, the finishers in the 12 h were the oldest and the finishers in the 24 h showed the most variable pacing. Furthermore, the faster running speed in the 12 h (women, r = −0.64; men, r = −0.49, p < 0.001) and the 24 h (r = −0.47 in women and men, p < 0.001) was related to less variable pacing. (4) Conclusions: These data might help runners and coaches to choose the the proper duration of a race and training programs for their athletes.

Examining frustration and performance when priming user expectations and providing a technology malfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1846-1850
Author(s):  
Nina Ferreri ◽  
Christopher B. Mayhorn
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
And Performance

As digital technology develops, users create expectations for performance that may be violated when malfunctions occur. This project examined how priming expectations of technology performance (high v. low v. no) and experiences of technology malfunction (present v. not present) can influence feelings of frustration and performance on a task. A preliminary sample of 42 undergraduate participants completed a QR code scavenger hunt using the augmented reality mobile app, ARIS. Following the task, participants reported what they found for each scavenger hunt clue, their responses to failures in digital technology, and technology acceptance attitudes. Several factorial ANOVAs revealed a main effect for expectation on adaptive items of the RFDT scale and a main effect for malfunction on performance level. This suggests a potential contradiction between attitudes and behaviors when considering a common scenario involving technology.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Co-Production in Public Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6730
Author(s):  
Pwint Kay Khine ◽  
Jianing Mi ◽  
Raza Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Service Production ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Structural Impacts ◽  
And Performance

This study investigates current research trends in co-production studies and discusses conceptual approaches. The conceptual paper contains studies on co-production in the field of public administration. This study identifies significant gaps in the field of study by systematically examining 32 co-production research works. The study’s contributions include (1) defining two common characteristics of co-production, (2) classifying three forms of co-production by end-users, and (3) discovering that the aims and performance of co-production are more effective for service providers when the strategy is citizen-centric. Future research should (1) concentrate on the reasons for co-production failures or successes, (2) identify additional barriers to co-production in service production, (3) investigate influences on service providers as well as structural impacts on the co-production process, and (4) provide practical assessments of co-production research.

scholarly journals Cultivating the Ethical Repertoires of Behavior Analysts: Prevention of Common Violations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa N. Britton ◽  
Amy A. Crye ◽  
Linda K. Haymes
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analyst ◽  
Ethical Culture ◽  
Behavior Analyst Certification Board ◽  
Ethical Violations ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
Behavior Analysts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Supervision And Training ◽  
And Training

AbstractViolations of the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code for Behavior Analysts occur despite coursework, supervision, and training. In this discussion, we highlight the most common violation categories identified: (a) improper or inadequate supervision/delegation, (b) failure to report/respond to the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) as required, and (c) professionalism/integrity. The specific areas addressed under supervision/delegation involve behavior analysts’ standards and performance as supervisors, as well as compliance with coursework. For failure to report, the focus is on responding, reporting, and providing updated information to the BACB in a timely manner. Finally, the section on professionalism and integrity addresses multiple code elements, including integrity, professionalism, and scientific relationships, as well as methods for promoting an ethical culture and decisions involving ethical violations by others. Importantly, we provide guidance on the structure and organization of supervision, methods and guidelines regarding reporting, and rubrics to shape and evaluate professionalism and integrity. We provide recommendations for the supervision process and for practitioners from the organizational perspective so that the organization supports and promotes an ethical culture.

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